• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2012

In this study, the antioxidative effect and protective potential against oxidative damage of extract and fractions from broccoli were investigated under in vitro and cellular system. The methanol (MeOH) extracts of broccoli flowers and sprouts were partitioned as dichloromethane, n-butanol (BuOH) and aqueous fractions. The comparison of antioxidative effect of broccoli flowers and sprouts showed that broccoli sprouts exerted the more effective protective activity from 2,2'-azobis (2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress in LLC-$PK_1$ porcine renal epithelial cell. In addition, the extract and fractions from broccoli sprouts showed strong scavenging effect of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and the BuOH fraction exerted the strongest activity. Therefore, the BuOH fraction was evaluated as the most active fraction with strong radical scavenging activity among the fractions of broccoli flowers and sprouts. The present study suggests the antioxidative potential against free radical-induced oxidative damage of flowers and sprouts of broccoli. In addition, the BuOH fraction of broccoli is considered as the active fraction with antioxidative effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.759-764
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• 2005

The radical scavenging activity of ethanol, acetone and distilled water extracts of broccoli including leaf, flower, flower plus stem, stem, peel and positive control vitamin C, respectively, were investigated. Each sample under assay condition exhibited free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) toward DPPH radical. Among five samples, S (stem) extracts, F (flower) extracts and L (leaf) extracts of broccoli showed the FRSA in the dot-blot assay. Strong FRSA potential of the ethanol extracts of broccoli revealed at pH $2\~6$ of acid regions and at $60\~80^{\circ}C$. The extracts of green tea and Artermisia were found to have effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Whereas, only the aqueous extracts of broccoli F and FS (flower-stem) of the five extracts marked strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in high temperature.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.564-569
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• 2009

Antioxidative activities, total phenolic compounds and the sulforaphane contents of cooked broccoli extracts were studied. Total phenolic compounds were determined to be 0.96 mg/g(flower) and 0.76 mg/g(stem) in fresh broccoli extracts. The total phenolic compounds of cooked broccoli extracts showed 0.92 (1 min), 0.79 (3 min), 0.67 (10 min) mg/g when a boiling process was used and 1.27 (1 min) mg/g when a steaming process was used. In the DPPH assay, the steam process showed the highest free radical scavenging capacities. Sulforaphane has been of increasing interest in the nutraceutical and phamaceutical industries due to its anti-cancer effect. Sulforaphane was isolated from fresh and boiled, steamed broccoli using dichloromethane as an extract solvent. The sulforaphane contents of fresh broccoli were higher in the flower (14.78 mg/kg) than in the stem (6.16 mg/kg). The sulforaphane content dramatically decreased after the boiling ($100{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) or steaming ($100{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) processes were used.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.141-152
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• 2013

This study investigated the effects of image on the preference and intake frequency of 19 vegetables. A total of 359 usable surveys were collected using a convenient sampling method. The subjects included females (51.8%), university students (50.7%), home residents (66.9%) and subject's spending 20,000~40,000 won on meals/week (41.5%) and eat out 2~3 times/week (29.5%). The intake frequency of vegetables was 2~3 times per month. The healthy image of all vegetables was good overall and the average preference was 3.78 (out of 5 on the Likert). Tomatoes had the healthiest image, onions the highest preference, and Korean cabbage the highest intake frequency. For males, the vegetable with the healthiest image was sesame leaf, while the healthiest foods for females were broccoli and tomatoes. Elementary students had a healthier image of cucumber, bean sprouts, radish, sesame leaf, lettuce, radish leaf, and cabbage than university students and adults. Home residents had a healthier image of cabbage and burdock than other types of residents. Subject that st over 20,000 won per week on meals had a higher image of most vegetables. In terms of preference, males liked Korean cabbage, green pumpkin, balloon flower roots, radish leaf, and lotus root, but female liked tomatoes. In addition, elementary students, home residents, and subjects who eat out less often tended to prefer vegetables. In terms of intake, there was a high frequency of intake for all vegetables in adults. Home residents specifically had a higher intake of cucumber, carrot, bean sprouts, spinach, green pumpkin, balloon flower roots, lettuce, radish leaf, broccoli, burdock, lotus root, and tomato. Overall, the healthy image of vegetables had a positive influence on their preference and intake frequency. Therefore, to encourage the intake of vegetables, direct or indirect variables should be examined.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.743-750
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• 2012

A total of 95 broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) accessions were evaluated for the identification of desulfo-glucosinolates and their content variation in the flower head using ultra performance liquid chromatography, to select the potentially functional broccoli breeding lines. The six individual desulfo-glucosinolates, including progoitrin, glucoraphanin, sinigrin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, and glucobrassicin, were commonly identified, based on the chromatogram peak comparison with those of the nine individual glucosinolate standards. The total glucosinolate contents varied from 4.2 to $29.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}g^{-1}$ DW and the glucoraphanin (1.6 to $13.9{\mu}mol{\cdot}g^{-1}$ DW) was confirmed as a major constituent in the total glucosinolate profile among the six identified individual glucosinolate species, whereas the progoitrin, which was only detected in 13 accessions, showed accession-specific variation and negative correlation with glucoraphanin content. It was also revealed that the four major glucosinolates, such as glucobrassicanapin, glucoraphanin, glucobrassicin, and gluconapin, affected major content variation and showed higher positive inter-correlation. These results might be used for the selection of potential breeding materials as functional broccoli germplasm through the further evaluation on the stability and reproducibility of glucosinolate profile depending on environmental factors or cultural managements using the selected accessions.