• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2010

스폴링 현상은 높은 현지응력하에서 확장균열의 발달로 암반공동 주변에서 발생하는 파괴형태이다. 기존 연구에 의하면 3가지 스폴링 기준은 범위로 제시되어 있어 기준자체의 애매모호함이 상존하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 퍼지확률이론을 적용한 새로운 스폴링 발생 종합 평가모델을 제안하였고 스폴링 발생현장에 평가모델을 적용한 결과 현장관측결과와 일치하는 결과를 보였으며, 정량적으로 스폴링 발생확률을 산정할 수 있었다. 특히, 3가지 스폴링 평가인자별 상대중요도를 고려한 가중치를 적용함으로써 실제 스폴링이 관측된 현장이 스폴링이 발생하지 않는 것으로 평가되는 오류를 해결하였다. 또한, Martin 등(1999)의 손상지수에 형상계수를 도입한 수정손상지수가 포함된 스폴링 평가인자를 스폴링 발생 종합 평가모델에 적용한 결과 합리적인 스폴링 발생확률을 산정할 수 있었다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2022

As a brittle failure mode, punching-shear failure can be widely found in traditional RC slab-column connections, which may lead to the entire collapse of a flat plate structure. In this paper, a novel RC slab-column connection with inner steel truss was proposed to enhance the punching strength. In the proposed connection, steel trusses, each of which was composed of four steel angles and a series of steel strips, were pre-assembled at the periphery of the column capital and behaved as transverse reinforcements. With the aim of exploring the punching behavior of this novel RC slab-column connection, a static punching test was conducted on two full-scaled RC slab specimens, and the crack patterns, failure modes, load-deflection and load-strain responses were thoroughly analyzed to explore the contribution of the applied inner steel trusses to the overall punching behavior. The test results indicated that all the test specimens suffered the typical punching-shear failure, and the higher punching strength and initial stiffness could be found in the specimen with inner steel trusses. The numerical models of tested specimens were analyzed in ABAQUS. These models were verified by comparing the results of the tests with the results of the analyzes, and subsequently the sensitivity of the punching capacity to different parameters was studied. Based on the test results, a modified critical shear crack theory, which could take the contribution of the steel trusses into account, was put forward to predict the punching strength of this novel RC slab-column connection, and the calculated results agreed well with the test results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.375-391
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• 2022

This paper discussed and analyzed the interfacial stress distribution characteristic of adjacent cracks in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) plate strengthened concrete slabs. One un-strengthened concrete test beam and four CFRP plate-strengthened concrete test beams were designed to carry out four-point flexural tests. The test data shows that the interfacial shear stress between the interface of CFRP plate and concrete can effectively reduce the crack shrinkage of the tensile concrete and reduces the width of crack. The maximum main crack flexural height in pure bending section of the strengthened specimen is smaller than that of the un-strengthened specimen, the CFRP plate improves the rigidity of specimens without brittle failure. The average ultimate bearing capacity of the CFRP-strengthened specimens was increased by 64.3% compared to that without CFRP-strengthen. This indicites that CFRP enhancement measures can effectively improve the ultimate bearing capacity and delay the occurrence of debonding damage. Based on the derivation of mechanical analysis model, the calculation formula of interfacial shear stress between adjacent cracks is proposed. The distributions characteristics of interfacial shear stress between certain crack widths were given. In the intermediate cracking region of pure bending sections, the length of the interfacial softening near the mid-span cracking position gradually increases as the load increases. The CFRP-concrete interface debonding capacity with the larger adjacent crack spacing is lower than that with the smaller adjacent crack spacing. The theoretical calculation results of interfacial bonding shear stress between adjacent cracks have good agreement with the experimental results. The interfacial debonding failure between adjacent cracks in the intermediate cracking region was mainly caused by the root of the main crack. The larger the spacing between adjacent cracks exists, the easier the interfacial debonding failure occurs.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2022

In order to investigate the damage evolution law of rock specimens under cyclic loading, cyclic loading tests under constant loads with different amplitudes were carried out on limestone specimens with high strength and brittleness values using acoustic emission (AE) technology and the energy evolution and AE characteristics were evaluated. Based on dissipated energy density and AE counts, the damage variable of specimen was characterized and two damage evolution processes were analyzed and compared. The obtained results showed that the change of AE counts was closely related to radial deformation. Higher cyclic loading values result in more significant radial strain of limestone specimen and larger accumulative AE counts of cyclic loading segment, which indicated Felicity effect. Regarding dissipated energy density, the damage of limestone specimen was defined without considering the influence of radial deformation, which made the damage value of cyclic loading segment higher at lower amplitude loads. The damage of cyclic loading segment was increased with the magnitude of load. When dissipated energy density was applied to define damage, the damage value at unloading segment was smaller than that of AE counts. Under higher cyclic loading values, rocks show obvious damage during both loading and unloading processes. Therefore, during deep rock excavation, the damages caused by the deformation recovery of unloading rocks could not be ignored when considering the damage caused by abutment pressure.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.283-293
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• 2023

최근 국내에서 연간 지진 발생 횟수가 꾸준히 증가함에 따라 공공시설물에 대한 내진 보강의 필요성이 더욱 대두되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 사각 단면을 가진 철근콘크리트 기둥에서 강봉보강의 유무에 따른 내진 성능 개선 효과를 분석하기 위해 비선형 유한요소해석을 수행하였으며, 검증을 위해 구조실험결과와 비교하였다. 분석 결과, 이 연구에서 수행한 유한요소해석이 실제 강봉보강공법을 적용한 철근콘크리트 기둥의 구조 거동을 합리적으로 잘 묘사하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 해석 및 실험 모두 강봉보강공법 적용으로 인해 파괴모드가 취성파괴에서 연성파괴로 전환되었으며, 강도와 연성도 모두 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 강봉보강공법 적용을 통해 기존 철근콘크리트 기둥의 내진 성능을 효과적으로 증진시킬 수 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이 연구의 주요 결과는 향후 설계 방안 마련 등 관련 연구에 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2023

지하수 제어가 필요한 분야에서 다방면으로 활용되는 Slag-CB는 CB의 일종으로 CB에 혼합되는 시멘트의 일부를 GGBS 로 치환하여 사용하는 차수벽의 일종이다. 일반적으로 Slag-CB는 GGBS의 치환율이 증가함에 따라 압축강도, 차수성, 내구성 및 내화학성 등이 장기적으로 향상되는 장점이 있으나, 벽체의 유연성 및 변형에 대한 저항성이 저하되며 파괴 시 취성을 보이는 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 일부 품질기준에서는 Slag-CB를 저강도로 설계하도록 권장하고 있어 GGBS 치환율이 높은 고강도의 Slag-CB의 현장 적용에 다소 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Slag-CB의 유연성 및 변형에 대한 저항성을 개선하여 취성파괴를 방지함으로 Slag-CB의 현장 활용성 및 적용성을 향상시키기 위해 나일론 섬유를 혼합한 Slag-CB 차수벽을 대상으로 압축거동 특성을 평가하고, 이를 비교·분석함으로 Slag-CB의 유연성 및 변형에 대한 저항성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.337-348
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• 2023

Successive wetting and drying cycles of concrete due to weather changes can endanger the safety of engineering structures over time. Considering wetting and drying cycles in concrete tests can lead to a more correct and reliable design of engineering structures. This study aims to provide a model that can be used to estimate the resistance properties of concrete under different wetting and drying cycles. Complex sample preparation methods, the necessity for highly accurate and sensitive instruments, early sample failure, and brittle samples all contribute to the difficulty of measuring the strength of concrete in the laboratory. To address these problems, in this study, the potential ability of six machine learning techniques, including ANN, SVM, RF, KNN, XGBoost, and NB, to predict the concrete's tensile strength was investigated by applying 240 datasets obtained using the Brazilian test (80% for training and 20% for test). In conducting the test, the effect of additives such as glass and polypropylene, as well as the effect of wetting and drying cycles on the tensile strength of concrete, was investigated. Finally, the statistical analysis results revealed that the XGBoost model was the most robust one with R2 = 0.9155, mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.1080 Mpa, and variance accounted for (VAF) = 91.54% to predict the concrete tensile strength. This work's significance is that it allows civil engineers to accurately estimate the tensile strength of different types of concrete. In this way, the high time and cost required for the laboratory tests can be eliminated.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.203-218
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• 2024

Beam-column joints in the frame structure are at high risk of brittle shear failure which would lead to significant residual deformation and even the collapse of the structure during an earthquake. In order to improve the damage issue and enhance the recoverability of the beam-column joints, a sector lead rubber damper (SLRD) has been developed. The SLRD can increase the bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity, and also demonstrating recoverability of seismic performance following cyclic loading. In this paper, the hysteretic behavior of SLRD was experimentally investigated in terms of the regular hysteretic behavior, large deformation behavior and fatigue behavior. Furthermore, a parametric analysis was performed to study the influence of the primary design parameters on the hysteretic behavior of SLRD. The results show that SLRD resist the exerted loading through the shear capacity of both rubber parts coupled with the lead cores in the pre-yielding stage of lead cores. In the post-yielding phase, it is only the rubber parts of the SLRD that provide the shear capacity while the lead cores primarily dissipate the energy through shear deformation. The SLRD possesses a robust capacity for large deformation and can sustain hysteretic behavior when subjected to a loading rotation angle of 1/7 (equivalent to 200% shear strain of the rubber component). Furthermore, it demonstrates excellent fatigue resistance, with a degradation of critical behavior indices by no more than 15% in comparison to initial values even after 30 cycles. As for the designing practice of SLRD, it is recommended to adopt the double lead core scheme, along with a rubber material having the lowest possible shear modulus while meeting the desired bearing capacity and a thickness ratio of 0.4 to 0.5 for the thin steel plate.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.217-229
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• 2024

This paper presents results of visual analysis of cracks formation and propagation of concretes made of quaternary binders (QBC). A composition of the two most commonly used mineral additives, i.e. fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) in combination with nanosilica (nS), has been proposed as a partial replacement of the cement. The principal objective of the present study is to achieve information about the effect of simultaneous incorporation of three pozzolans as partial replacement to the OPC on the fracture processes in concretes made from quaternary binders (QBC). The modern and precise non-contact measurement method (NCMM) via digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used, during the studies. In the course of experiments it was established that the substitution of OPC with three pozzolans including the nanoadditive in FA+SF+nS FA+SF+nS combination causes a clear change of brittleness and behavior during fractures in QBCs. It was found that the shape of cracks in unmodified concrete was quasi-linear. Substitution of the binder by SCMs resulted in a slight heterogeneity of the structure of the QBC, including only SF and nS, and clear heterogeneity for concretes with the FA additive. In addition, as content of FA rises throughout each of QBC series, material becomes more ductile and shows less brittle failure. It means that an increase in the FA content in the concrete mix causes a significant change in fracture process in this composite in comparison to concrete with the addition of silica modifiers only.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.675-688
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• 2024

Cold-formed steel (CFS) is prone to buckling failure under loading. Lightweight concrete (LC) made of lightweight aggregate has light weight and excellent thermal insulation performance. However, concrete is brittle in nature which is why different materials have been used to improve this inherent behavior of concrete. The distortional buckling (DB) performance of cold-formed steel-lightweight concrete (CFS-LC) composite columns was investigated in this paper. Firstly, the compressive strength test of foam concrete (FC) and ceramsite concrete (CC) was carried out. The performance of the CFS-LC members was investigated. The test results indicated that the concrete-filled can effectively control the DB of the members. Secondly, finite element (FE) models of each test specimen were developed and validated with the experimental tests followed by extensive parametric studies using numerical analysis based on the validated FE models. The results show that the thickness of the steel and the strength of the concrete-filled were the main factors on the DB and bearing capacity of the members. Finally, the bearing capacity of the test specimens was calculated by using current codes. The results showed that the design results of the AIJ-1997 specification were closer to the experimental and FE values, while other results of specifications were conservative.