• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.305-314
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop the high efficiency of ginseng by using microwave low temperature vacuum drying technology. In red ginseng manufacturing processes, the study results compared the hot-air drying red ginseng dried during 24hours in $60-70^{\circ}C$ and redried during 72hours in $40^{\circ}C$ after the steaming ginseng with the red ginseng dried in microwave low temperature vacuum dryer on condition that 900 watt, 2.45 MHz, 50 mmHg during 5 hours and redried during 2 hours on 750 mmHg after the steaming ginseng about observation of tissue, sensory evaluation and a change of ginsenoside and crude saponin content. As a result, the red ginseng in microwave low temperature vacuum was had high brightness, the surface turned into porosity tissue and added more flavor, decreased bitterness highly on the contrary increased sweetness at the same time that elevated the comprehensive preference. Moreover, In a short time, the content of ginsenosides $Rg_1$ and $Rb_1$ increased about sixfold, eightfold in one time zone but there were no wide difference in content of $Rg_3$ as compared to the hot-air drying red ginseng. Finally, content of crude saponin was increased widely at 10-20 minutes and stayed high crude saponin content consistently. Therefore, this result indicated that the red ginseng in microwave low temperature vacuum increased extraction yields of the ginsenosides and crude saponin through a change of porosity tissue and improved flavor and texture compare with the general hot air dried red ginseng in a short time. According to these results, that provided that could increase the preference about red ginseng.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.54-68
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• 2014

In order to analyze the land surface properties in Seoul and its surrounding metropolitan area, several indices and land surface temperature were calculated by the Landsat satellites (e.g., Landsat 5, Landsat 7, and Landsat 8). The Landsat data came from only in the fall season with Landsat 5 on October 21, 1985, Landsat 7 on September 29, 2003, and Landsat 8 on September 16, 2013. The land surface properties used are the indices that represented Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Modified Normalized Difference Wetness Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Wetness Index (NDWI), Tasseled cap Brightness, Tasseled cap Greenness, Tasseled cap Wetness Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and the land surface temperature of the area in and around Seoul. Most indices distinguish very well between urban, rural, mountain, building, river and road. In particular, most of the urbanization is represented in the new city (e.g., Ilsan) around Seoul. According to NDVI, NDBI and land surface temperature, urban expansion is displayed in the surrounding area of Seoul. The land surface temperature and surface elevation have a strong relationship with the distribution and structure of the vegetation/built-up indices such as NDVI and NDBI. While the NDVI is positively correlated with the land surface temperature and is also negatively correlated with the surface elevation, the NDBI have just the opposite correlations, respectively. The NDVI and NDBI index is closely associated with the characteristics of the metropolitan area. Landsat 8 and Landsat 5 have very strong correlations (more than -0.6) but Landsat 7 has a weak one (lower than -0.5).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.7-15
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• 1981

A Japanese larch has been reforested very much in Korea, but it is not used as a wood resources for paper pulp by now. So this study is carried out to utilize the larchwood for paper pulp manufacture through the Asplund pulping process. The experiment on increasing in the brightness of the pulp is made through the addition of $MgSO_4$, $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, and KI as a cellulose stabilizer in chip treatment with caustic soda which is followed by high-temperature defibration and conventional peroxide bleaching (5% NaOH plus 2% additive salt per wood in cold pretreatment), or in high-consistency (30%) pulp bleaching of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid (100% acitve oxygen per lignin) for conventional one. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The solution of 0.5% additive salts had different pH by the sort of bases that was pH 5.7 in $MgSO_4$, liquor, pH 4.9 for $ZnSO_4$, and pH 2.9 for $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, and in the precepitation of bases which ranged to pH 6-13 for $MgSO_4$, pH 5-12 for $ZnSO_4$, and pH 3-10 for $Al_2(SO_4)_3$. 2. The cellulose stabilizer affective in high-consistency peroxide bleaching was KI, $MgSO_4$, and $ZnSO_4$, but has made a little improvement in de lignification and brightness of pulp in comparison with no addition. 3. The higher alkalinity in the chip treatment has made the higher strength and brightness of larchwood Aspiund pulp instead of downing the pulp yield. And the effective compound for cellulose stabilizer in caustic soda pretreatment of chip was $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and KI in order for the conventional peroxide bleaching after Asplund pulping. 4. Therefore, the more effective additives for cellulose stabilization in high-temperature defibration of larchwood suppose to be $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, and KI, while KI and $MgSO_4$ for peroxide bleaching.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.93-96
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• 2000

Microchannel plates (MCPs) have been developed by introducing new materials and process technologies. Main body was made of alumina by programmable punching, laminating, and firing. The channel walls of pore arrays of an MCP were deposited with thin films by electroless copper plating and sol-gel process. Our MCP has advantages such as easy fabrication, durability, high temperature endurance, and applicability to the large size comparing with the conventional MCPs. Experiments on the brightness of an MCP incorporated FED revealed that the FED with a MCP is three to four times brighter than a conventional FED. Moreover, the focusing in a FED is improved. Incorporating an MCP into a FED is one of promising methods to enhance the characteristics of the FED. In addition, amplification yield of the MCP is measured for varying the aspect ratio and the input current.

• Atmosphere
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2007

The present study uses the GOES IR brightness temperature to examine the temporal and spatial variability of cloud activity over the region $25^{\circ}N-45^{\circ}N$, $105^{\circ}E-135^{\circ}E$ and analyzes the coherence of eastern Asian summer season rainfall in Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. Time-longitude diagram of the time period from June to July 2005 shows a signal of eastward propagation in the WRF model and convective index derived from GOES IR data. The rain streaks in time-latitude diagram reveal coherence during the experiment period. Diurnal and synoptic scales are evident in the power spectrum of the time series of convective index and WRF rainfall. The diurnal cycle of early morning rainfall in the WRF model agrees with GOES IR data in the Korean Peninsula, but the afternoon convection observed by satellite observation in China is not consistent with the WRF rainfall which is represented at the dawn. Although there are errors in strength and timing of convection, the model predicts a coherent tendency of rainfall occurrence during summer season.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.324-333
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• 2011

This study was accomplished for the purpose of developing a textile processing ingredient that is harmless to the human body and environment. The research method consists of dyeing cotton textiles by extracting the dye solution from ginseng. Then, chrominance, after treatment, antibacterial ratio and deodorization ratio of cotton fabrics dyed with ginseng extracts were tested and results were examined. The research procedure involved first extracting the dye solution from the ginseng's by-product (fine roots) and then dyeing was effectuated differently according to the test samples temperature and dyeing time requirements. Brightness in all dye substances was lower in pre-mordanting. Beige color could be extracted from pre-mordanted samples. And dark orange from postmordanted samples. Color-festness was high in all samples. Most of samples show a big antibacterial ratio and deodorization ratio. Through this research it has been discovered that, when applied to textiles, Korea's ginseng extract possessed reproducibility features as a natural dye and a possibility to be used in cutting which plays a crucial role in hygienic processing. In addition, by using ginseng's by-product for dyeing processing as the dye solution, efficient application of resources and occurrences of no water waste damages were demonstrated and thus, proved to be environmentally-friendly. Specifically, through this experiment, it was found that saponin, ginseng's special characteristics, possessed excellent antibacterial odor repelling functions to clothing as well as the capability to prevent skin disease.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.737-740
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• 2005

Soil moisture, through its dominance in the exchange of energy and moisture between the land and atmosphere, plays a crucial role in influencing atmospheric circulation. To identify the crucial role, it is a common agreement that knowledge of land surface processes and development of remote sensing techniques are of great important scientific issues. This research uses TRMM satellite C band (10.65 GHz) data to retrieve soil moisture on the Tibetan Plateau in Mainland China. Two retrieval schemes that are implemented include the t-(J) model and the R model. The latter one is developed based on a land surface process and radiobrightness (R) model for bare soil and vegetated terrain. Compared with the in situ ground measurements, the soil moisture retrieved from the R model and the t-(J) model with vegetation information obviously appear more accurate than that derived from bare soil model. Retrieved soil moisture contents from the two inversion models, R model and t-(J) model, have a similar trend, but the former appears to be superior in terms of correlation coefficient and bias compared with in situ data. In the future, we will apply the R model with the TRMM 10.65 GHz brightness temperature to monitor long-term soil moisture variation over Tibet Plateau.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2003

Research activity in the III-V nitrides materials system has increased markedly in the past several years ever since high-brightness blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) became commercially available. Despite of excellent optical properties of the GaN, however, inherently poor thermal property of the sapphire used as a substrate material n these devices may lead to thermal degradation of devices, especially during their high power operation. Therefore, dependable thermal analysis and packaging schemes of GaN-based LEDs are necessary for solid lighting applications under high power operation. In this paper, emphasis will be placed upon thermal design of GaN-based LEDs. Thermal measurements of LEDs on chip and packaging scale were performed using the liquid crystal thermographic technology and micro thermocouples for different bias conditions. By a series of optical arrangement, hot spots with specific transition temperatures were obtained with increasing input power. Thermal design of LEDS was made using the finite element method and analytical unit temperature profile approach with optimal boundary conditions. The experimental results were compared to the simulated data and the results agree well enough for the establishment of dependable prediction of thermal behavior in these devices. The paper will present a more detailed understanding of the thermal analysis of the GaN-based blue and white LEDs for high power applications.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.34-41
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• 2017

It is necessary to conduct a basic research on fusion of ighting design or lighting environment to improve the health and quality of life of elderly people. The purpose of this study is to analyze the lighting situation of elderly people 's residential facilities in terms of space environment design plan and to analyze the trends in smart home, design and technology. It is to provide basic data for the prototype of lighting fixtures for elderly people living facilities considering functional, physiological and emotional characteristics. For the study, the target sites were selected and the results of the illumination survey of the target facilities were divided into two types of spaces, residential and other public spaces, and their location, lighting fixtures' type, color temperature, illuminance. The results of the survey showed that the overall physical illumination compared to the recommended illuminance for the elderly satisfied the recommended range and provided the appropriate brightness for the elderly. However, in the application layout of the lighting fixtures, a monotonous arrangement and a lighting fixtures type consisting entirely of simple square type fixtures and downlight types were applied. It would be desirable to use different types of lighting fixtures in the design for various functions, such as making the environment more comfortable. Future research will propose a prototype for the design direction of the subdivided lighting fixtures that classify the space according to functions and understand the vision problem of the elderly while aesthetically.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.105-111
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• 2013

This study aims to suggest the PV lightshelf and to evaluate the power performance of the photovoltaic systems easily mounted on the windows. For the study, the suggested systems consist of two parts as fixed and movable PV modules. Also, tempered glass and polycarbonate are used on the surface protection materials for solar cells of PV lightshelf. By using polycarbonate, the weight of PV lightshelf is lighter about 20%. The field tests are performed for five days by using real size models. The voltage, current and electric powers are measured as basic performances of PV lightshelf. Also, the irradiation, brightness and module surface temperature are measured as outside conditions. As results, the power performance of tempered glass PV lightshelf shows about 11(%) higher thant that of polycarbonate PV lightshelf. And the power performance shows about 5(%) higher in a horizontal system. This results could be used to develop the effective PV lightshelf in next study.