• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1081-1103
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• 2014

Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) has emerged as an important tool for testing large and complex structures with a focus on rate-dependent specimen behavior. Due to the real-time constraints, accurate dynamic control of servo-hydraulic actuators is required. These actuators are necessary to realize the desired displacements of the specimen, however they introduce unwanted dynamics into the RTHS loop. Model-based actuator control strategies are based on linearized models of the servo-hydraulic system, where the controller is taken as the model inverse to effectively cancel out the servo-hydraulic dynamics (i.e., model-based feedforward control). An accurate model of a servo-hydraulic system generally contains more poles than zeros, leading to an improper inverse (i.e., more zeros than poles). Rather than introduce additional poles to create a proper inverse controller, the higher order derivatives necessary for implementing the improper inverse can be calculated from available information. The backward-difference method is proposed as an alternative to discretize an improper continuous time model for use as a feedforward controller in RTHS. This method is flexible in that derivatives of any order can be explicitly calculated such that controllers can be developed for models of any order. Using model-based feedforward control with the backward-difference method, accurate actuator control and stable RTHS are demonstrated using a nine-story steel building model implemented with an MR damper.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 1999

목적 : 초기 및 지연기 허혈성 뇌경색에서 양자자기공명분광법 (proteon MR-spectroscopy)을 시행하여 특징적인 소견을 알알아보고 임상적 증상과 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 초기 허혈성 뇌경색으로 진단 받은 28명 (37-83세, 남자 15명, 여자 13명)의 환자를 대상으로 발병 후 2-10일 (평균 6.2일)에 단일 복셀 양자자기공명분광법을 시행하였다. 12명에서는 지연기에 추적 양자자기공명분광법을 시행하였고 그 시기는 20-32일 (평균 25일) 이었다. 자기공명분광법은 1.5 T장치에서 PRESS(Point Resolved Spectroscopic Sequence)기법으로 TR 2000ms, TE 288 (144)ms, 관심 영역 $2cm{\times}2cm{\times}2cm$ 화소를 사용하였다. 결과 분석은 병소와 병소에 인접한 정상으로 보이는 부위, 그리고 병소의 반대편 정 상부위에서 N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/ creatine, choline/creatine 및 lactate/creatine 비를 구하여 초기와 지연기의 스펙트럼을 비교 분석하였다. 또한 스펙트럼 양상이 환자의 신경학 적 증세와 어떤 관계가 있는 지 분석하였다. 결과 : 초기에 얻은 자기공명분광법에서는 병소의 NAA/creatine 비가 다양한 정도의 감소를 보 였고 (n=22), 정상인 경우도 있었다 (n=6). lactate/creatine 비는 고도의 증가 (n=25), 혹은 약간의 증가 (n=3)를 보인 반면, choline/creatine 비는 대부분 정상 범위이었다. 지연기 추적 자기공명분광법에서는 초기기에 비해 NAA/creatine 비는 5예에서 감소를, 1예에서 증가를, 6예에서는 변화를 보이지 않았다. lactate/creatine 비는 10예에서 감소를 보였으며, 2예에서 변화를 보이지 않았다. Choline/creatine 비는 약간 증가히는 경향을 보였다. 병소의 lactate/creatine 비는 환자의 증상이 섬할 경우 증가하는 양상을 보였다, NAA/creatine 비는 lactate/creatine 비와는 상관관계를 보이지 않았지만 NAA/creatine 비가 낮을수록 임상증상이 심했다. 결론 : NAA/ creatine 비의 감소, lactate/creatine 비의 증가는 초기 허혈성 뇌경색의 공통적 소견이었으며 , 이들은 임상증세와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 지연기에는 NAA/creatine 비와 lactate/creatine 비가 초기에 비하여 감소하거나 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

Objective : Diagnosing tumor progression and pseudoprogression remains challenging for many clinicians. Accurate recognition of these findings remains paramount given necessity of prompt treatment. However, no consensus has been reached on the optimal technique to discriminate tumor progression. We sought to investigate the role of magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP) to evaluate tumor progression in glioma patients. Methods : An institutional retrospective review of glioma patients undergoing MRP with concurrent clinical follow up visit was performed. MRP was evaluated in its ability to predict tumor progression, defined clinically or radiographically, at concurrent clinical visit and at follow up visit. The data was then analyzed based on glioma grade and subtype. Resusts : A total of 337 scans and associated clinical visits were reviewed from 64 patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were reported for each tumor subtype and grade. The sensitivity and specificity for high-grade glioma were 60.8% and 87.8% respectively, compared to low-grade glioma which were 85.7% and 89.0% respectively. The value of MRP to assess future tumor progression within 90 days was 46.9% (sensitivity) and 85.0% (specificity). Conclusion : Based on our retrospective review, we concluded that adjunct imaging modalities such as MRP are necessary to help diagnose clinical disease progression. However, there is no clear role for stand-alone surveillance MRP imaging in glioma patients especially to predict future tumor progression. It is best used as an adjunctive measure in patients in whom progression is suspected either clinically or radiographically.