• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.107-112
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• 2018

Smart livestock has been proposed as a solution to increase farmers' income and new recruitment of livestock farmers. In this paper, a standardization Plan of breeding management device and collected information for smart livestock cattle was proposed. l Sophisticatedly, basic information will be established for all six types of livestock breeding management device: military automatic feeder, calf automatic feeder, smart milk cooler, feed bin to be able to measure feed residue, smart scale, and biometric information collection device. The standardization, common use, and stabilization of major livestock management device and collected information were suggested to solve the problems caused by in existing breeding management device.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.91-94
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• 2002

An efficient molecular breeding technique for coffee plants was developed. In order to produce transgenic coffee plants, we established a model transformation procedure via Agrobacterium method. We isolated a gene encoding a protein possessing 7-methylxanthine methyltransferase (theobromine synthase) activity, and it was designated as Coffea arabica 7-methylxanthine methyl transferase; CaMXMT. Using this clone, we produced transgenic coffee plants, in which the expression of CaMXMT is suppressed by double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) andlor anti-sense methods. The expression pattern of CaMXMT was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR method and we found that, in the transformed cell lines, the level of transcripts were obviously suppressed by RNAi. The endogenous level of caffeine in the transformed cells was dramatically reduced in comparison with non-transformed cells.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2011

In recent years, genomic resources and information have accumulated at an ever increasing pace, in many plant species, through whole genome sequencing, large scale analysis of transcriptomes, DNA markers and functional studies of individual genes. Well-characterized species within key plant taxa, co-called "model systems", have played a pivotal role in nucleating the accumulation of genomic information and databases, thereby providing the basis for comparative genomic studies. In addition, recent advances to "Next Generation" sequencing technologies have propelled a new wave of genomics, enabling rapid, low cost analysis of numerous genomes, and the accumulation of genetic diversity data for large numbers of accessions within individual species. The resulting wealth of genomic information provides an opportunity to discern evolutionary processes that have impacted genome structure and the function of genes, using the tools of comparative analysis. Comparative genomics provides a platform to translate information from model species to crops, and to relate knowledge of genome function among crop species. Ultimately, the resulting knowledge will accelerate the development of more efficient breeding strategies through the identification of trait-associated orthologous genes and next generation functional gene-based markers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2017

Objective: This study was to determine the relationship between estimated breeding value and phenotype information after farrowing when juvenile selection was made in candidate pigs without phenotype information. Methods: After collecting phenotypic and genomic information for the total number of piglets born by Landrace pigs, selection accuracy between genomic breeding value estimates using genomic information and breeding value estimates of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) using conventional pedigree information were compared. Results: Genetic standard deviation (${\sigma}_a$) for the total number of piglets born was 0.91. Since the total number of piglets born for candidate pigs was unknown, the accuracy of the breeding value estimated from pedigree information was 0.080. When genomic information was used, the accuracy of the breeding value was 0.216. Assuming that the replacement rate of sows per year is 100% and generation interval is 1 year, genetic gain per year is 0.346 head when genomic information is used. It is 0.128 when BLUP is used. Conclusion: Genetic gain estimated from single step best linear unbiased prediction (ssBLUP) method is by 2.7 times higher than that the one estimated from BLUP method, i.e., 270% more improvement in efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.244-253
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• 2019

In crop breeding program, information about genetic dissimilarity on breeding resources is very important to corroborate genealogical relationships and to predict the most heterozygotic hybrid combinations and inbred breeding. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation in Kenyan sunflower breeding lines based on simple sequence repeat (SSR). A total of 83 alleles were detected at 32 SSR loci. The allele number per locus ranged from 2 to 7 with an average of 2.7 alleles per locus detected from the 24 sunflower accessions and the average value of polymorphic information contents (PIC) were 0.384. A cluster analysis based on the genetic similarity coefficients was conducted and the 24 sunflower breeding resources were classified into three groups. The principal coordinates (PCoA) revealed 34% and 13.38% respectively, and 47.38% of total variation. It was found that the genetic diversity within the Kenyan sunflower breeding resources was narrower than that in other sunflower germplasm resources, suggesting the importance and feasibility of introducing elite genotypes from different origins for selection of breeding lines with broader genetic base in Kenyan sunflower breeding program.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.431-440
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• 2022

Hanwoo cattle are a unique and historical breed in Korea that have been genetically improved and maintained by the national evaluation and selection system. The aim of this study was to provide information that can help improve the accuracy of the estimated breeding values in Hanwoo cattle by showing the difference between the imputation reference chip platforms of genomic data and the scaling factor of the genetic relationship matrix (GRM). In this study, nine sets of data were compared that consisted of 3 reference platforms each with 3 different scaling factors (-0.5, 0 and 0.5). The evaluation was performed using MTG2.0 with nine different GRMs for the same number of genotyped animals, pedigree, and phenotype data. A five multi-trait model was used for the evaluation in this study which is the same model used in the national evaluation system. Our results show that the Hanwoo custom v1 platform is the best option for all traits, providing a mean accuracy improvement by 0.1 - 0.3%. In the case of the scaling factor, regardless of the imputation chip platform, a setting of -1 resulted in a better accuracy increased by 0.5 to 1.6% compared to the other scaling factors. In conclusion, this study revealed that Hanwoo custom v1 used as the imputation reference chip platform and a scaling factor of -0.5 can improve the accuracy of the estimated breeding value in the Hanwoo population. This information could help to improve the current evaluation system.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.193-206
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• 2023

Orchidaceae species account for one-tenth of all angiosperms including more than 30,000 species having significant ecological, evolutionary, and economic importance. Despite Orchidaceae being one of the largest families among flowering plants, crucial cytogenetic information for studying species diversification, inferring phylogenetic relationships, and designing efficient breeding strategies is lacking, except for 10% or less of orchid species cases involving mostly chromosome number or karyotype analysis. Also, only approximately 1.5% of the identified orchid species from less than a hundred genera have genome size data that provide crucial information for breeders and molecular geneticists. Various molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), have been developed for determining ploidy levels, analyzing karyotypes, and evaluating hybridity, in several ornamental crops including orchids. The estimation of genome size and the determination of nuclear DNA content using flow cytometry have also been employed in some Orchidaceae subfamilies. These different techniques have played an important role in supplementing beneficial knowledge for effective plant breeding programs and other related plant research. This review focused on orchid breeding summarizes the status of current cytogenetic tools in terms of background, advancements, different techniques, significant findings, and research challenges. Principal roles and applications of cytogenetics in orchid breeding as well as different ploidy level determination methods crucial for breeding are also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2009

Congratulations to the Korean Society of Breeding Science on the occasion of the $40^{th}$ anniversary. Such scientific societies serve an important role in disseminating scientific information, encouraging world class research, and integrating related disciplines. Plant breeding is a solution-driven science to meet ever-increasing needs with the ultimate application in mind throughout the process. Plant breeding will continue to involve both the lab and field even as more molecular technologies are applied to the improvement of plants and animals. Today and into the future, genetics and genomics will play major roles. This keynote talk first presents plant breeding in the context of the need to meet future food supplies, then reviews some of the emerging and important technologies, documents some of the traits improved through the new technologies, and finally adds some philosophical points with special emphasis on the younger scientist.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1039-1046
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• 2004

A model Indigenous Thai beef cattle breeding structure consisting of nucleus, multiplier and commercial units was used to evaluate the effect of changes in heritabilities of and genetic correlations between adaptation traits on genetic gain and profitability. A breeding objective that incorporated adaptation was considered. Two scenarios for improving both the production and the adaptation of animals where also compared in terms of their genetic and economic efficiency. A base scenario was modelled where selection is for production traits and adaptation is assumed to be under the forces of natural selection. The second scenario (+Adaptation) included all the information available for base scenario with the addition of indirect measures of adaptation. These measures included tick count (TICK), faecal egg count (FEC) and rectal temperature (RECT). Therefore, the main difference between these scenarios was seen in the records available for use as selection criteria and hence the level of investments. Additional genetic gain and profitability was generated through incorporating indirect measures of adaptation as criteria measured in the breeding program. Unsurprisingly, the results were sensitive to the changes in heritabilities and genetic correlations between adaptation traits. However, there were more changes in the genetic gain and profitability of the breeding program when the genetic correlations of adaptation and its indirect measures were varied than when the correlations between these measures were. The changes in the magnitudes of the genetic gain and profit per cow stresses the importance of using reliable estimates of these traits in any breeding program.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.305-328
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• 1991

Pig breeding programs have been very successful in the improvement of animals by the simple expedient of focusing on a few traits of economic importance, particularly growth efficiency and leanness. Further reductions in leanness may become more difficult to achieve, due to reduced genetic variation, and less desirable, due to adverse correlated effects on meat and eating quality. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of breeding values makes possible the incorporation of data from many sources and increases the value of including traits such as sow performance in the breeding objective. Advances in technology, such as electronic animal identification, electronic feeders, improved ultrasonic scanners and automated data capture at slaughter houses, increase the number of sources of information that can be included in breeding value predictions. Breeding program structures will evolve to reflect these changes and a common structure is likely to be several or many breeding farms genetically linked by A.i., with data collected on a number of traits from many sources and integrated into a single breeding value prediction using BLUP. Future developments will include the production of a porcine gene map which may make it possible to identify genes controlling economically valuable traits, such as those for litter size in the Meishan, and introgress them into nucleus populations. Genes identified from the gene map or from other sources will provide insight into the genetic basis of performance and may provide the raw material from which transgenic programs will channel additional genetic variance into nucleus populations undergoing selection.