• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to find a possible association between the ${\beta}-$ and ${\kappa}-casein$ and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ genotypes and important milk physiochemical and technological characteristics such as acidity, alcohol stability, the contents of some minerals and the parameters of acid fermentation ability (FEA) in Czech Fleckvieh Cattle. Methods: Milk and blood samples were collected from 338 primiparous Czech Fleckvieh cows at the same stage of lactation. The genotypes of individual cows for ${\kappa}-casein$ (alleles A, B, and E) and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ (alleles A and B) were ascertained by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, while their ${\beta}-casein$ (alleles $A^1$, $A^2$, $A^3$, and B) genotype was determined using melting curve genotyping analysis. The data collected were i) milk traits including active acidity (pH), titratable acidity (TA), alcohol stability (AS); calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) contents; and ii) yoghurt traits including active acidity (Y-pH), titratable acidity (Y-TA), and the counts of both Lactobacilli and Streptococci in 1 mL of yoghurt. A linear model was assumed with fixed effects of herd, year, and season of calving, an effect of the age of the cow at first calving and effects of the casein and lactoglobulin genotypes of ${\beta}-CN$ (${\beta}-casein$, CSN2), ${\kappa}-CN$ (${\kappa}-casein$, CSN3), and ${\beta}-LG$ (${\beta}-lactoglobulin$, LGB), or the three-way interaction between those genes. Results: The genetic polymorphisms were related to the milk TA, AS, content of P and Ca, Y-pH and Lactobacilli number in the fresh yoghurt. The CSN3 genotype was significantly associated with milk AS (p<0.05). The effect of the composite CSN2-CSN3-LGB genotype on the investigated traits mostly reflected the effects of the individual genes. It significantly influenced TA (p<0.01), Y-pH (p<0.05) and the log of the Lactobacilli count (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the yoghurt fermentation test together with milk proteins genotyping could contribute to milk quality control and highlight new perspectives in dairy cattle selection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.152-154
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• 1998

The data 1241 birth, weights of Teddy goats maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadurnagar, Okara, Pakistan, during 1975-1990 were used for this study. The mean birth weight during study period ranged from $1.55{\pm}0.06$ to $1.78{\pm}0.09kg$ with and over all mean of $1.66{\pm}0.031kg$. It was found that year of birth, type of birth, sex of kid and age of dam had significant (p < 0.01) effects on birth weight while the effect of season was found to be non-significant. It was inferred that single born kids were significantly heavier than twins and twins were heavier than triplets. The mean values of birth weight for male and female kids were $1.70{\pm}0.032$ and $1.61{\pm}0.03kg$ respectively. The birth weight was found to be the highest in 8 year age group that was $1.82{\pm}0.016kg$ and the lowest in one year group $(1.55{\pm}0.02kg)$.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 1997

This study has been conducted to investigate the molting behavior and the effects of rearing temperature and day length on molting in the behavior and the effects of rearing temperature and day length on molting in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii reared in the laboratory. The results obtained were summarized as follow: 1. After pre-spawning molting, the protopodites of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th except 5th pleopod bore new breeding setae which conserve eggs in the brooding chamber and the basis of 3rd, 4th, and 5th pereiopods bore new breeding dresses which transport the ovulated eggs into the brooding chamber. 2. Adult females reared in 27.5-$29.4^{\circ}C$ molted 10-12 times per year at interval of 27-35 days, of which four or six moltings were common molting for growth and another four or five moltings were pre-spawning molting for spwaning and brooding. In winter season, pre-spawning molting did not happen to most of adult females in spite of the same temperature. 3. Duration of intermolt cycle was 31-38 days and 26-30 days at 25.3- $26.5^{\circ}C$ and 28.7- $30.4^{\circ}C$ of rearing temperature, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.469-473
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the blood groups(Aa, Ca, Dc, Qa, Ua) and antierythrocyte antibody associated with neonatal isoerythrolysis(NI) in Thoroughbred horses. The blood groups from 1,351(35 stallions, 1,316 mares) Thoroughbred horses tested by serological procedures, and antierythrocyte antibody from 52 mares by indirect antiglobulin test. The blood groups(factor) of Aa, Ca, Dc, Qa and Ua positive were 97.1%, 100%, 91.4%, 82.9%, and 17.1% in stallions, respectively, and were negative 3.5%, 6.2%, 25.1%, 18.3%, and 77.1% in mares, respectively. These mares are considered to be at risk for production of an NI foals. The antierythrocyte antibody was not detected by this technique in all mares. These results suggest that the all breeding mares without blood groups Aa(3.5%) and Qa(18.3%) should be selected a appropriate stallion to prevent of neonatal isretythrolysis during the breeding season in Thoroughbred horses.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.2265-2272
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• 2004

The aquaculture tank is used for breeding fish in sea water which was pumped up to land. The flow characteristics in the aquaculture were investigated with varying the tank geometry and flow rate. The numerical analysis has been employed for calculating the velocity and temperature distributions in a water tank of rectangular type. The finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm with 3-dimensional standard $\kappa$-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model were used for the numerical analysis. For comparison with experimental results, the PIV system was applied to visualize the flow patterns quantitatively. The numerical results showed good agreements with the experimental results. The mean velocity and temperature versus aquarium depth were represented for various circulating flow rates. Especially, the aquaculture environment is recommended that the aquarium depth has to be d=0.5 m, and this case is the condition of higher velocity and temperature in winter season.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1999

The morphological study was carried out to classify the spermatogenic germ cells of the seminiferous tubule in Korean Native Pheasant during the breeding season. The results were as follows : 1. The spermatogonia can be classified into the three types of A, In(intermediate) and B. 2. The primary spermatocyte can be classified into the five types as preleptotene, leptotene, zygotene, pachytene and diakinesis. 3. The maturing processes of nucleus of spermatid can be divided into seven steps. The round shape of the spermatid was changed to the elongated form during the spermiogenesis. This observation may be useful to the study of the breeding cycles in the Korean Native Pheasant.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2002

The introduction of hybrid and exploitation of heterosis has played a vital role in Indian sericulture industry, which clearly depicts a quantum jump in silk production during the last four decades. Since, the introduction of heterosis, progress in silkworm breeding has depended on success or failure in identifying better combiners. Systematic procedures developed have enabled the breeders to identify the best combiners by combining ability test, line ${\TIMES}$ tester analysis or $D^2$ analysis for maximum expression of heterosis. The level of heterosis expressed in the crossbreed population is determined by the interaction between genotype and prevailing environmental factors. Except some of the pre and post cocoon parameters, heterosis is invariably higher in single crosses compared to three-way and double crosses. However, during hot and humid season, when rearing of F1 bivoltine hybrid is unsuccessful at field level and indigenous races results in very low and poor quality yield, three-way and double crosses can play an important role as an intermediary technology. The objective of this article is to review briefly the concept and causes of heterosis, utilization of different forms of heterosis in silk production and its significance in silkworm, Bombyx mori breeding.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.179-182
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• 2011

Normally the first generation of hybrid is supplied for farm rearing, precise and labor saving sex discrimination is needed. The new strain "Hansaengjam" is sex-limited (female:larval markings, male:no-markings) strain which was bred from both sex-limited strain Japanese originated Jam 153 and Chinese originated strain Jam 154. Productivity test of Hansaengjam during 2007 and 2009 showed high healthiness and cocoon yield. The Hansaengjam is evaluated as an excellent strain from healthiness, cocoon yield and other test results.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.1 s.61
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Abstract - Global decline in wildlife mammals has been accelerated during past decades. Especially the conservation the wild life mammals in polar areas, is urgent. In an effort to understand the reproduction of the seals dwelling in the polar area, spermatogenesis in the seals was reviewed. Seals breed seasonally and in most of the seal species, delayed implantation is frequently observed. To date, histological and endocrinological evaluation revealed highly cyclic nature in supermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in testis. Seasonal changes in blood testosterone level together with melatonin is closely related with changes in light cycle between summer and winter. In adult testis at breeding seasons, spermatogenesis is manifested by consecutive 18 stages of germ cell development. Three kinds of Leydig cells different in steroidogenic activity as well as cellular morphology appear during the testis development. During non-breeding season, spermatogenic arrest and Leydig cell hypoplasia are frequently found. Interestingly, blood circulation through the anastomoses of pelvic veins cooled the testes and thus guarantees spermatogenesis within the body trunk. Endocrine disruptors and heavy metals have been found in the body tissues of several seals species and alter steroidogenesis in seals, suggesting environmental pollutants together with decrease in habitats are potentially threatening the reproductive success in seal species.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1997

Seasonal variation of the population structure and the reproductive pattern of the Korean striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, were investigated. High capture ratios in juveniles, young adult, and old adult mice were found during the period from October to November, from November to March, and from May to September, respectively, and extremely low capture ratios of old adults during the period from November to February were characteristic. It seemed that the young adults that survived during the winter might become older by summer and have been counted as the old adults. The breeding in the mice began earlier in males (from mid February or early March to late October) than in females (from mid March to late October), having a peak in August and September, and both the male and female mice weighing more than 20 g generally reached sexual maturation in general. In the breeding season, both young and old adult males had large testes with enlarged seminiferous tubules filled with numerous germ and Sertoli cells, and expanded caudal epididymides with a vast number of spermatozoa; the females had many Graafian follicles and corpora lutea in large ovaries, and developed uterine glands in the thick endometria. The lower ratios of the testis weight to the body weight in July and August in 1994 compared to 1995 seemed due to the extreme drought and considerably higher temperature in 1994, but the decrease in the ratio in mid-summer, only in the old mice, in both years might be explained partially by aging.