• 핵의학기술
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 2013

PET/CT 검사에서 피검자의 호흡에 의한 움직임은 PET과 CT의 정합오차를 유발하여 영상의 질 저하와 판독의 정확도를 떨어뜨리는 원인이 된다. PET/CT 검사에서 CT 영상 획득 시 자유호흡과 호기 시 잠시 멈춤 상태에서 획득하는 두 가지 호흡법을 이용하여 각 호흡법이 PET과 CT 영상의 정합결과에 끼치는 영향을 평가하였다. 환자 200명을 대상으로 두 집단으로 나누어 CT 영상 획득 시 평소대로 호흡하거나 호기 시 멈추도록 지도하였다. PET과 CT가 정합된 전신영상 관상단면에서 횡경막-간 경계의 정합오차를 길이로 측정하였으며 각 호흡법에 따른 성별, 연령, 상병의 정합오차를 비교하였다. 자유호흡과 호기 시 잠시 멈춤 상태에서 정합오차의 차이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며 호흡법에 따른 정합차이가 99%이상이 5 mm이하였다. 호흡법, 연령, 상병에 따른 정합오차의 차이가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구를 통하여 PET/CT 검사시 호흡법에 의한 PET와 CT영상의 정합차이가 없음을 증명하였다. 호흡에 의한 motion artifact를 줄이기 위해서는 더 많은 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2021

Purpose : It was to compare changes in respiratory function (pulmonary function, inspiratory function) after four weeks of inspiratory muscle strengthening training (diaphragmatic breathing with upper arm exercise, Power-Breathe breathing) for 36 healthy people. Methods : Subjects were randomly assigned to diaphragmatic breathing with upper arm exercise (Group I) and Power-breathe breathing (Group II) was conducted by the protocol for four weeks five times per week. As the main measurement method for comparison between groups For pulmonary function, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume at One second (FEV1) were used, and for inspiratory function, Maximum Inspiratory Capacity (MIC), Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), and Maximum Inspiratory Flow Rate (MIFR) were used. Results : In changes in pulmonary function between groups, FVC and FEV₁ showed no significant difference, and in inspiratory function changes, MIC showed no significant difference, but in MIP and MIFR, Group B significantly improved over Group A. Conclusion : The progressive resistance training using the Power-breath device applied to the inspiratory muscle did not show a significant difference in the increase in the amount of air in the lungs and chest cage compared to the diaphragmatic breathing training accompanied by the upper arm exercise. However, by increasing the air inflow rate and pressure, it showed a more excellent effect on improving respiratory function.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this current study is to compare the effectiveness of respiratory circulation function and tidal volume according to two different types of practice methods, in terms of breathing training program and abdominis muscle strengthening using a swiss ball. Methods: The subjects were consist 18 college students, were randomly and evenly assigned to either breathing training program group (BTG) or swiss-ball exercise group (SEG). Exercise program was applied for 60 minutes, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. Before, after 3 weeks and after 6 weeks of exercises, the subjects were tested using the bruce protocol. The significance of differences between the BTG and the SEG was evaluated by analysis of two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was an increase in respiratory circulation function after both of exercise. Especially, there was significant difference between the before and after 6 weeks in the BTG. Also, change of respiratory circulation function in BTG was significantly greater than SEG. Tidal volume was no significant differences between the before and after 6 weeks in both groups. In addition, there was significant difference between BTG and SEG. Conclusion: These results suggest that direct breathing training program were more useful to improve of respiratory circulation function.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2008

Abdominal circumference changes due to breathing by the respiratory muscle activity such as diaphragm, which would partially represent the lung volume variation. The present study introduced conductive rubber molded in a cord shape incorporated with a patient's pants. The conductive rubber cord operated as a displacement transducer to measure the lung or abdominal volume changes. Signal extraction circuitry was developed to obtain the volume and its derivative(or the flow) signals followed by wireless transmission based on the Zigbee communication protocol in a size of $65mm{\times}105mm$ easily put in pocket. Breathing frequency was accurately evaluated and breath pattern analysis seemed feasible, since respiratory behaviours such as maximal inspiration and cough were well identified. Remote wireless receiver module also enabled to monitor both volume and flow signals during resting breathing on a PC terminal.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

This study aimed to compare 2 protocols recommended to patients with chronic cervical cord injury: each protocol included breathing exercises (inhalation-oriented or exhalation-oriented) and facilitation maneuver for the accessory respiratory muscles. Seventeen patients with chronic cervical cord injury volunteered to participate in this study, and we randomized these patients into 2 groups: the inhalation-oriented breathing exercise group (IOBEG) and exhalation-oriented breathing exercise group (EOBEG), consisting of 8 and 9 patients, respectively. Patients in the IOBEG performed inspiratory exercises using intermittent positive pressure breathing devices, while those in the EOBEG performed expiratory exercises using incentive spirometry. All exercises were performed by the subjects twice a day for 4 weeks, with each session lasting an average of 20 min. The outcomes were assessed on the basis of the pre- and post-treatment values of vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC. In the IOBEG, no significant differences were observed between the pre- and post-treatment values of any of the measured variables (p>.05); however, in the EOBEG, significant improvement was noted in the VC, FVC, FEV1 measured (p<.05) after the treatment. In addition, the rates of change in the values of VC, FVC, and FEV1 differed significantly between the 2 groups (p<.05). These findings suggest that the EOBEs can enhance respiratory function and are clinically feasible in patients with chronic cervical cord injury. Further studies will be undertaken to evaluate the clinical application of these findings.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2019

Purpose : This study aims to investigate the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and muscle activity of the inspiratory primary and accessory muscle during breathing exercise with different air hole diameters of the inspiratory muscle trainer (IMT). Methods : The Borg's scale and surface electromyography (EMG) was used to collect data of the RPE and muscle activity of the inspiratory primary the external intercostal (EI) and diaphragm (DIA) and accessory muscles anterior scalene (AS), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), pectoralis major (PM), and upper trapezius (UT) muscles during breathing exercise with different air hole diameters (6 mm, 4 mm, and 2 mm) of the IMT in healthy young male subjects. Results : The RPE and muscle activities of the AS, SCM, and UT are increased significantly in accordance to the decreasing diameter of air hole of air tip in IMT. However, there are no differences in the muscle activities of the PM, EI, and DIA based on differences of diameters of air hole of air tip in IMT. Conclusion : The smaller the diametr of IMT air-hole, RPE and muscle activities of AS, SCM and UT were increased. Therefore, further study would be necessary to investigate the proper intensity and relaxation posture for the exercise protocol to strengthen the inspiratory primary muscles.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2018

Objective: To determine if the provision of visual biofeedback using real-time rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) enhances the acquisition and retention of diaphragm muscle recruitment during exercise. Design: Two group pretest posttest design. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to the verbal feedback group (VG, n=15) or the visual and verbal feedback group (VVG, n=15). The VG performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback, and the VVG also performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback and visual feedback with the use of RUSI to measure changes in diaphragm thickness (DT). For DT, the mid-axillary lines between ribs 8 and 9 on both sides were measured in standing, and then the chest wall was perpendicularly illuminated using a linear transducer with the patients in supine to observe the region between rib 8 and 9 and to obtain 2-dimensional images. DT was measured as the distance between the two parallel lines that appeared bright in the middle of the pleura and the peritoneum. After one week, three repetitions (follow-up session) were performed to confirm retention effects. Intra- and between- group percent changes in diaphragm muscle thickness were assessed. Results: In the VVG, the intervention value had a medium effect size compared to the baseline value, but the follow-up value decreased to a small effect size. In the between-group comparisons, during the intervention session, the VVG showed no significant effect on percent change of DT but had a medium effect size compared to the VG (p=0.050, Cohen's d=0.764). During the follow-up session, retention effect did not persist (p=0.311, Cohen's d=0.381). Conclusions: RUSI can be used to provide visual biofeedback and improve performance and retention in the ability to activate the diaphragm muscle in healthy subjects. Future research needs to establish a protocol for respiratory intervention to maintain the effect of diaphragmatic breathing training using RUSI with visual feedback.

• 순환기질환의공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 순환기질환의공학회 2006년도 제6회 학술대회
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• pp.44-45
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• 2006

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2007

목 적: 전산화 단층촬영방법(Computed Tomography, CT)에 따라 고식적(Axial), 나선식(Helical), 연속(Cine) 주사방법으로 획득되어진 영상은 주사방법이 다르므로 각각의 재현되는 이미지 상에서 차이가 존재한다. 각각의 전산화 단층촬영 주사방법(scan type)이 움직임을 얼마나 정확히 묘사하는지 알아보고자 구동 팬톰을 이용하여 재현성에 대해 고찰해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 상 하 방향, 위 아래 방향 움직임을 재현하기 위해 자체 제작한 구동 팬톰과 호흡동조 구동 motor를 이용한다. 구동 motor 위에 표지자를 올려놓고 전산화 단층촬영 시 움직임을 구별하기 위해 표지자에 위치 표시를 위한 방사선 비투과성 물질(Localizer)을 부착한다. 자체 제작한 구동 팬톰을 이용하여 위 아래 움직임은 1.3 cm (16회/1분당)으로 고정 시키고, 호흡동조 구동 motor을 이용하여 상 하 움직임은 0.2 cm (8 rot/1분당)으로 고정 한다. 각각의 움직임을 고정 시키고 난 후, 전산화 단층 촬영 방법에 따라 고식적(Axial), 나선식(Helical), 연속(Cine) 주사방법으로 촬영한다. RPT 장비를 이용하여 움직임을 나타내는 표지자에 부착한 방사선 비투과성 물질과 볼륨 재현성이 정확한지 비교, 분석 한다. 결 과: 표지자의 전체 체적은 88.2 $cm^3$로 위 아래 방향 3 cm, 상 하 방향 0.3 cm 이동을 고려했을 때는 전체 체적이 184.3 $cm^3$이었다. 각각의 전산화 단층촬영방법에 따른 전체 체적은 고식적 주사방법에서는 135 $cm^3$, 나선식 주사방법에서는 164.9 $cm^3$, 연속 주사방법에서는 181.7 $cm^3$였다. 움직임에 대한 재현성을 나타내는 데 있어 연속 주사방법에서 가장 근접하게 표지자를 묘출하였다. 또한, 표지자에 부착한 방사선 비투과성 물질의 재현성에서도 연속 주사방법에서 가장 근접하게 나타내었다. 결 론: 전산화 단층촬영방법에 따른 고식적, 나선식, 연속 주사방법은 움직임에 영향을 많이 받는 장기를 촬영할 때, 움직임에 따른 정확한 장기 묘사 및 종양 조직의 움직임을 재현해야 한다. 본 실험에서 사용한 구동 팬톰을 이용한 표지자를 재현하는데 있어 전산화 단층촬영 시 연속 주사방법에서 촬영 할 때 가장 재현성이 높았다. 하지만, 임상 적용 시 환자의 호흡이나 움직임이 팬톰처럼 일정하지 않기 때문에 이를 위한 환자 교육 및 호흡을 일정하게 해줄 수 있는 장치의 사용 및 개발이 필요하며, 각각의 전산화 단층촬영방법에 대한 피폭선량에 대해서도 고려해야 할 것이라 사료 된다.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2008

Recently, MR Cholangiography used mainly bu controlling of patient's breathing. There is breathing hold techniques to get images within shopt time and gating technique adjusted to respiration cycle for high resolution image. In this study, the aim of this experiment is to know on clinical usefulness compared with PACE and RTG thchniques. This study's period is from 2006 in November to 2007 in January. A total of 21 patients investigated at MAGNETOM Sonata 1.5T (SIEMENS Erlangen) with use of 12ch body coil. MR acquisition protocol used 3D turbo spin echo coronal sequence. Scan parameters applied to potimal setting in use as gating techniques, respectively. Analysis of consuming timing evaluated with rapidness. As analysis of quantity, the common bile duct, gall bladder measured in signal intensities, then these data were calculated by signal to noise ratio and contrast to noise ratio. Qualitative analysis, experienced 2radiologists and 3 RTs were evaluated into 3groups about artifact, accuracy of lesions, sharpness of the common bile duct or gall bladder. As a result of analysis, when compared to PACE, consuming time of the RTG took less than PACE, On both CNRs and SNRs, PACE technique was slightly high values than RTG(p<0.05). Qualitative analysis' results, discrimination of lesions in the common bile duct, gall bladder get a significance level in both RTG and PACE techniques but presence's artifact of breathing and pulsation highly demonstrate in PACE techniques. In conclusion, both PACE and RTG methods at MRCP provided prominently clinical information for the common bile duct, gall bladder. If machines have not limitation with performance, induction of breathing holding also will help getting diagnistic quality.