• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4527-4531
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• 2016

Background: PTEN protein is one of the most important tumour suppressor factors which is detectable by immunohistochemistry. The goal of the present study was to investigate the prognostic role of PTEN gene expression in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 100 breast cancer patients referred to Sabzevar hospitals in the north-east of Iran between 2010 and 2011, who were followed up to 2015. PTEN gene expression in tissue samples was determined using specific monoclonal antibodies and data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Patient survival was analyzed after 4 years of follow-up using the Cox regression model. Results: PTEN gene expression was evident in 70 of 100 cnacer samples but was found at high levels in all non-cancer samples. There was an inverse significant relationship between PTEN gene expression and tumour stage or tumour grade (p<0.001). The expression of PTEN in invasive ductal tumours was lower than in non-invasive tumours. There was also an inverse significant relationship between the hazard of death and PTEN gene expression (p<0.001). In addition, there was an inverse significant relationship between tumour stage and hazard of death (p<0.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that lack of PTEN gene expression can be a sign of a worse prognosis and poor survival in breast cancer cases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.595-598
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• 2014

Background: NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibits apoptosis through induction of antiapoptotic proteins and suppression of proapoptotic genes. Various chemotherapy agents induce NF-${\kappa}B$ translocation and target gene activation. We conducted the present study to assess the predictive value of NF-${\kappa}B$ regarding pathologic responses after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 131 patients with locally advanced invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect NF-${\kappa}B$ expression. Evaluation of pathologic response was elaborated with the Ribero classification. Results: Expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ was significantly associated with poor pathological response (p=0.02). From the multivariate analysis, it was found that the positive expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ yielded RR=1.74 (95%CI 0.77 to 3.94). Conclusions: NF-${\kappa}B$ can be used as a predictor of poor pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1190-1199
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiomic features derived from breast MRI for predicting the upstaging of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed using percutaneous needle biopsy. Materials and Methods: Between August 2018 and June 2020, 95 patients with 98 DCIS lesions who underwent preoperative breast MRI, including an ultrafast sequence, and subsequent surgery were included. Four ultrafast MRI parameters were analyzed: time-to-enhancement, maximum slope (MS), area under the curve for 60 s after enhancement, and time-to-peak enhancement. One hundred and seven radiomic features were extracted for the whole tumor on the first post-contrast T1WI and T2WI using PyRadiomics. Clinicopathological characteristics, ultrafast MRI findings, and radiomic features were compared between the pure DCIS and DCIS with invasion groups. Prediction models, incorporating clinicopathological, ultrafast MRI, and radiomic features, were developed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate model performance in distinguishing between the two groups using leave-one-out cross-validation. Results: Thirty-six of the 98 lesions (36.7%) were confirmed to have invasive components after surgery. Compared to the pure DCIS group, the DCIS with invasion group had a higher nuclear grade (P < 0.001), larger mean lesion size (P = 0.038), larger mean MS (P = 0.002), and different radiomic-related characteristics, including a more extensive tumor volume; higher maximum gray-level intensity; coarser, more complex, and heterogeneous texture; and a greater concentration of high gray-level intensity. No significant differences in AUCs were found between the model incorporating nuclear grade and lesion size (0.687) and the models integrating additional ultrafast MRI and radiomic features (0.680-0.732). Conclusion: High nuclear grade, larger lesion size, larger MS, and multiple radiomic features were associated with DCIS upstaging. However, the addition of MS and radiomic features to the prediction model did not significantly improve the prediction performance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1111-1113
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• 2012

The ER-/PR+ breast tumor may be the result of a false ER negative result. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in patient and tumor characteristics of the ER-/PR+ phenotype in an Asian setting. A total of 2629 breast cancer patients were categorized on the basis of their age, ethnicity, tumor hormonal receptor phenotype, grade and histological type. There were 1230 (46.8%) ER+/PR+, 306 (11.6%) ER+/PR-, 122 (4.6%) ER-/PR+ and 972 (37%) ER-/PR-. ER-/PR+ tumors were 2.5 times more likely to be younger than 50 years at diagnosis (OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.72-3.67). Compared to ER+/PR+ tumors, the ER-/PR+ phenotype was twice more likely to be associated with grade 3 tumors (OR:2.02; 95%CI: 1.00-4.10). In contrast, compared to ER-/PR- tumors, the ER-/PR+ phenotype was 90% less likely to be associated with a grade 3 tumor (OR: 0.12; 95%CI:0.05-0.26), and more likely to have invasive lobular than invasive ductal histology (OR: 3.66; 95%CI: 1.47-9.11). These results show that the ER-/PR+ phenotype occurs in a younger age group and is associated with intermediate histopathological characteristics compared to ER+/PR+ and ER-/PR- tumors. This may imply that it is a distinct entity and not a technical artifact.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.867-879
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• 2021

Objective: To compare the screening performance of diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI and combined mammography and ultrasound (US) in detecting clinically occult contralateral breast cancer in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Between January 2017 and July 2018, 1148 women (mean age ± standard deviation, 53.2 ± 10.8 years) with unilateral breast cancer and no clinical abnormalities in the contralateral breast underwent 3T MRI, digital mammography, and radiologist-performed whole-breast US. In this retrospective study, three radiologists independently and blindly reviewed all DW MR images (b = 1000 s/mm² and apparent diffusion coefficient map) of the contralateral breast and assigned a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category. For combined mammography and US evaluation, prospectively assessed results were used. Using histopathology or 1-year follow-up as the reference standard, cancer detection rate and the patient percentage with cancers detected among all women recommended for tissue diagnosis (positive predictive value; PPV2) were compared. Results: Of the 30 cases of clinically occult contralateral cancers (13 invasive and 17 ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]), DW MRI detected 23 (76.7%) cases (11 invasive and 12 DCIS), whereas combined mammography and US detected 12 (40.0%, five invasive and seven DCIS) cases. All cancers detected by combined mammography and US, except two DCIS cases, were detected by DW MRI. The cancer detection rate of DW MRI (2.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3%, 3.0%) was higher than that of combined mammography and US (1.0%; 95% CI: 0.5%, 1.8%; p = 0.009). DW MRI showed higher PPV2 (42.1%; 95% CI: 26.3%, 59.2%) than combined mammography and US (18.5%; 95% CI: 9.9%, 30.0%; p = 0.001). Conclusion: In women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, DW MRI detected significantly more contralateral breast cancers with fewer biopsy recommendations than combined mammography and US.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.676-685
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• 2023

목적 본 연구는 무증상 여성의 유방 초음파에서 발견된 군집 미세낭종의 발생률, 임상적 결과 및 영상 소견을 알아보고, 적절한 조치 가이드라인을 제시하고자 한다. 대상과 방법 2014년 8월부터 2019년 12월까지 무증상 여성에서 시행한 유방 초음파에서 발견된 군집 미세낭종 병변에 대해 분석하였다. 최종 진단은 병리학적 결과 및 12개월 이상의 추적관찰로 하였다. 결과 100명의 환자에서 117개 병변이 후향적으로 연구되었으며, 군집 미세낭종의 발생률은 1.5%였다. 총 117개의 병변 중, 3개(2.6%)는 악성, 2개(1.7%)는 고위험 병변, 112개(95.7%)는 양성이었다. 악성 병변 중 2개는 관상피내암이었고, 1개는 침윤성 유관암이었다. 이중, 유방 촬영술에서 의심스러운 미세석회화 또는 초음파에서 내부 혈류를 보인 2개의 병변은 category 4로 분류되었다. 나머지는 12개월 뒤 시행한 초음파에서 echo pattern의 변화를 보인 위 음성의 증례였다. 결론 무증상 여성에서 시행한 유방 초음파에서 군집 미세낭종의 유병률은 1.5%였으며, 악성률은 2.6%였다. 군집 미세낭종의 악성률과 양성 및 악성 영상 소견을 아는 것은 영상의학과 의사들이 병변을 분류하고 적절한 조치를 권유하는 데 도움이 될 것이다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제81권3호
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• pp.753-753
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• 2020

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4347-4351
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• 2012

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer of women and the principal cause of death in middle aged women. The objective of this study was to describe the trend of breast cancer and its management in Aden and adjacent south-eastern governorates of Yemen during the last 20 years. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of previous studies on patients with breast cancer in Aden and adjacent south-eastern governorates, Yemen (January 1989 through December 2007). The studied variables were: sex, age, time and type of presentation, disease stage, pathological types and the performed surgical treatment. The sources of information were the treatment registry of Aden health office, archives of Al-Gamhouria teaching hospital; major referral and other public and private hospitals in Aden and Aden Cancer Registry. Results: The total number of patients was 476, 99% being females. The age range was 19-88 years. The most affected age was 30-50 years (60.5%), 95% presenting after one month of having breast symptoms. Forty-five percent presented with signs of advanced local disease, while 59.2% had palpable axillary lymph nodes on presentation. Early breast cancer (stages I-II) occurred in 47%, and late breast cancer (stages III-IV) in 51.5%. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the commonest pathology (89.3%). The main surgical treatment was mastectomy (modified radical mastectomy (50%). Conclusion: Breast cancer is predominantly a disease of young with late presentation and advanced disease. Improving health awareness and earlier diagnosis of the disease by health education, encouraging breast self-examination, and providing the mammography equipment and mammary clinics in hospitals are recommended. Establishment of oncology and radiotherapy centers in Aden is a necessity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6529-6532
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is mostly the disease of postmenopausal women but very young affected women are seen more than occasionally in developing countries. We reviewed our cases of very young breast cancer in order to help in better understanding of such cases. Materials and Methods: The records of patients 25 years of age or less who had been admitted for breast cancer surgery in the Cancer Institute of Tehran from 1979 to 2012 were reviewed and relevant data were extracted. Results: From 5,265 cases of breast cancer, 62 patients had 25 years of age or less. There were 55 cases of breast adenocarcinoma, all female. More than 78% of the patients had presented with a palpable mass, the family history was positive in 2% of cases, and about 94% of the histologies were invasive ductal carcinoma. Gestational breast cancer constituted 10% of the cancers; another 10%were bilateral. The median size of the tumors was 5.72 centimeters, 63.2% of them had axillary lymphatic involvement, and more than half were negative for hormone receptors. Conclusions: Our study shows an incidence of 1.17% for very young breast cancer and a 10% rate of bilaterality which probably warrants special guidelines for contralateral screening. Cancer stage and features were poor in comparison with breast cancer in all ages.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6397-6403
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• 2014

Background: Aberrant promoter hypermethylation has been recognized in human breast carcinogenesis as a frequent molecular alteration associated with the loss of expression of a number of key regulatory genes and may serve as a biomarker. The E-cadherin gene (CDH1), mapping at chromosome 16q22, is an intercellular adhesion molecule in epithelial cells, which plays an important role in establishing and maintaining intercellular connections. The aim of our study was to assess the methylation pattern of CDH1 and to correlate it with the expression of E-cadherin, clinicopathological parameters and hormone receptor status in breast cancer patients of Kashmir. Materials and Methods: Methylation specific PCR (MSP) was used to determine the methylation status of CDH1 in 128 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) paired with the corresponding normal tissue samples. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression of E-cadherin, ER and PR. Results: CDH1 hypermethylation was detected in 57.8% of cases and 14.8% of normal adjacent controls. Reduced levels of E-cadherin protein were observed in 71.9% of our samples. Loss of E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with the CDH1 promoter region methylation (p<0.05, OR=3.48, CI: 1.55-7.79). Hypermethylation of CDH1 was significantly associated with age at diagnosis (p=0.030), tumor size (p=0.008), tumor grade (p=0.024) and rate of node positivity or metastasis (p=0.043). Conclusions: Our preliminary findings suggest that abnormal CDH1 methylation occurs in high frequencies in infiltrating breast cancers associated with a decrease in E-cadherin expression. We found significant differences in tumor-related CDH1 gene methylation patterns relevant to tumor grade, tumor size, nodal involvement and age at diagnosis of breast tumors, which could be extended in future to provide diagnostic and prognostic information.