• 한국건강관리협회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.280-287
• /
• 2005

The Government bean implementing the National Cancer Screening Program(NCSP) in 1999 and expanded its target population and target cancers. The target cancers of NCSP since 2004 are the five most common cancers in Korea: stomachm liver colorectal, breast, cervical cancer. One goal of the NCSP in 2005 is to include in its target population up to lower 50% of premiu of National Health Insurance. The Government and National Cancer Center have bee developing the protocol for the NCSP with associated related academic societies Health Centers operate the NCSP with National Health Insurance Cooperation. The Particioants of NCSP in 2004 are 1.34million, 14% of target population and the detection rate 2004 is 0.07%. NCSP has three challenges. Firstly, NCSP improves the participant rate through educating cancer screening increasing the access of screening(e.g. mobile screening unit), and increasing reimbursement fee Secondly NCSP assesses the quality of screening with related academic societies and implement the intervention for quality improvement. Thirdly, NCSP continues to increase the cost-effectiveness through modification of target population, screening interval, method, and information system.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.18-27
• /
• 2003

Purpose : Cancer is th e most frequent cause of death in Korea. Cancer screening can save lives through early detection. This study was to investigate major cancer screening rates and the reasons for not having been screening. Method : 210 participants of registered nurses from 5 general hospitals in Busan, Korea were completed a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS WIN 10.0. Results : The cancer screening rates of the subjects were 53.8% in Pap smear test for cervical cancer, 41.0% in gastroendoscopy for stomach cancer, 15.7% in mammograpy for breast cancer, and 3.8% in colonoscopy. And the higher proportions of having regular screening were 9, 5% in Pap smear test and 2.9% in gastroendoscopy. The primary reason related to not having a screening test was 'seems to be healthy'. Conclusion : The findings showed the necessity of recognizing and educating Korean nurses to have a regular cancer screening for their health management.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권16호
• /
• pp.7267-7270
• /
• 2015

Introduction: Kelantan is one of the states in Malaysia which has a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (DM2). Other than with endometrial carcinoma, the association of DM2 with particular female cancers is not known. Objective: To determine the proportion of breast, cervical, ovarian and endometrial cancers among females with DM2 diagnosed in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) over an 11 year period. Materials and Methods: All histologically confirmed cases of breast, endometrial, cervical and ovarian carcinomas admitted to the Hospital were included in the study. The patient diabetic status was traced from the hospital medical records. Results: There was a total of 860 cases of breast, cervical, ovarian and endometrial carcinomas over this period. Breast carcinoma was the commonest, accounting for 437/860 (50.8%) followed by cervix, 159/860 (18.5%), ovarian, 143/860 (16.6%) and endometrial carcinomas, 121/860 (14.1%). Out of these, 228/860 (26.5%) were confirmed diabetics. Endometrial carcinoma patients showed the highest proportion being diabetics, 42.1% (51/121), followed by ovarian cancer, 25.9% (37/143), breast carcinoma, 23.6% (103/437) and cervical cancer 23.3% (37/159). Conclusions: There is a significant proportion of DM2 among women with these four cancers, endometrial carcinoma being the highest followed by ovarian, breast and cervical carcinoma. The rising trend of these four cancers is in tandem with an increasing trend of DM2 in the community. In populations where diabetes is prevalent, screening for epithelial cancers should be rigourous. Diabetic clinics should include screening for these cancers among their female patients and gynecology clinics should screen the women they treat for their diabetes status.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.2501-2505
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The present study was carried out to measure knowledge level and behavior of family health personnel (FHP) in Izmir on early diagnosis of breast and cervical cancers. Materials and Methods: The study population of this cross-sectional study was not selected. A questionnaire was applied to all FHP to measure knowledge level and behavior about cancer. The participation rate was 88%. Breast examination, mammography analysis, Papanicolaou smear applications were determined as dependent variables, and knowledge level about breast and cervical cancer, age, professional time as FHP as independent variables. Data were evaluated using definitive statistics, chi-square and logistic regression tests in SPSS software package for Windows 15.0. Results: A total of 970 family health personnel participated in the research. The age range was 20-45 years (82.4%). Mean age was $37.9{\pm}7.4$. Response rate was 87.3%. Of the participants, 88.4% performed breast self-examination. Rate of performing mammography at least once was 24.1%. Rate of performing Pap-smear examination at least once was 61.0%. In logistic regression analyses, it was determined that people with knowledge on breast and cervical cancer were those performing breast self-examination, mammography and Pap-smear examinations (p<0.05. Conclusions: It is essential that the knowledge, behavior and manners of health providers on early diagnosis for cancer increases awareness in the general population and provides information on execution ofthe most effective methods for generating a healthy society.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.289-295
• /
• 2017

일반적으로 유방암 발생에 영향을 미치는 요소는 여러 연구가 진행되었으나 위험인자에 관한 체계적인 조사는 드물다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유방초음파 검사 전 실시하는 건강문진표 작성내용과 실제 초음파 검사에서 유방암 판정을 받은 환자를 바탕으로 관련인자를 파악하고자 하였다. 유방초음파를 실시한 417명을 대상으로 자기기입식 문진표를 작성하였고 양성, 악성으로 분류하여 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 유방암 발생 관련인자로 나이, 체질량지수, 투약 종류에서 관련성을 보였으며(p<0.05), 다변량분석 결과 교차비(Odds ratio)는 나이에서 50대 이하를 기준으로 50대에서 4.93배, 체질량지수 정상군보다 비만군에서 2.43배 증가하였고 타목시펜과 여성호르몬제 투약 시에는 0.14배, 0.16배 감소하였다(p<0.05). 따라서 나이가 증가함에 따라 정기적인 검사를 실시하고 적절한 체중관리가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 유방암 발생에 영향을 미치는 위험인자 규명의 기초자료로 제공될 것으로 기대한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권19호
• /
• pp.8483-8488
• /
• 2014

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-induced mortalities in Iranian women, following gastric carcinoma. The survival of these patients depends on several factors, which are very important to identify in order to understand the natural history of the disease. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 313 consecutive women with pathologically-proven diagnosis of breast cancer who had been treated during a seven-year period (January 2006 until March 2014) at Towhid hospital, Sanandaj city, Kurdistan province of Iran, were recruited. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for data analysis, and finally those factors that showed significant association on univariate analysis were entered in a Cox regression model. Results: the mean age of patients was $46.10{\pm}10.81$ years. Based on Kaplan-Meier method median of survival time was 81 months and 5 year survival rate was $75%{\pm}0.43$. Tumor metastasis (HR=9.06, p=0.0001), relapse (HR=3.20, p=0.001), clinical stage of cancer (HR=2.30, p=0.03) and place of metastasis (p=0.0001) had significant associations with the survival rate variation. Patients with tumor metastasis had the lowest five-year survival rate (37%)and among them patients who had brain metastasis were in the worst condition (5 year survival rate= $11%{\pm}0.10$). Conclusions: Our findings support the observation that those women with higher stages of breast malignancies (especially with metastatic cancer) have less chance of surviving the disease. Furthermore, screening programs and early detection of breast cancer may help to increase the survival of those women who are at risk of breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.4517-4520
• /
• 2012

Introduction: Northeastern Iran is known as a high risk area of upper gastrointestinal cancers. Recent reports have suggested a declining trend for these cancers as well as an increase in the incidence of other malignancies including breast cancer. Our present aim was to describe the epidemiological pattern of breast cancer in this region during 2004-2009. Methods: All new cancer cases from public and private diagnostic and therapeutic centers of Golestan province were registered. A structured questionnaire was prepared and used based on the standerds of the International Association of Cancer Registries. The international classification of diseases for oncology was considered for coding. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR) of breast cancer were calculated. Results: A total of 11,038 new cancer cases were registered during 2004-2009, of which, 1,101 (10%) were females with breast cancer. The median age of the breast cancer patients was 46 years. The ASR for breast cancer was 28 per 100,000 person-years. We found an unusual rapid increase in breast cancer rate at the age of 25 years. The ASR of breast cancer was significantly lower in females from Turkmen ethnicity and those from rural areas(P value <0.01). Conclusion: Our study showed high rate of breast cancer in Golestan province of Iran. We found an unusual peak of breast cancer in young women. So, the age of starting screening programs may need to be revised in this area. The rate of breast cancer was significantly lower in women from Turkmen ethnicity. Further studies are warranted to clarify the role of important determinants, especially regarding the ethnic disparity, on breast cancer in this region.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.400-411
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study was aimed to develop a computerized reminder system and evaluate it's effect in terms of percent age change of screening, and satisfaction. Method: It was conducted through 6 phases: Analyzing the job and defining the basic input data, developing the information system, collecting and inputting data, testing the system, working with the system, and evaluating it's effect. Participants were 787 people (female 30-69 years, and males 40-49 years) in 2 dong of Suyoung gu, Busan, who haven't had cancer screening for the stomach, breast, or cervix since Dec. 2000. There were three experimental groups: a letter; calling and calling after the letter reminder, and a non-equivalent control group. To determine whether services were obtained, a telephone survey was done after two months of follow-up. Result: A cancer screening information system with five DB modules was developed. Overall compliance with screening was not statistically significantly changedbefore and after applying computerized reminders for all three screening sites. Only 16% were satisfied with the reminder. Conclusion: This data didn't show that a reminder effort was effective of screening. However, because the evaluation interval was too short to find a difference in screening rate, we recommend additional longer prospective follow up studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.675-678
• /
• 2015

Background: There are several validated risk factors for breast cancer. However the legitimacy of elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) is not well established. This study was designed to assess this parameter as a risk factor for breast cancer among pre- and post-menopausal women. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi from June 2010 to August 2014. Simple random sampling technique was used to collect data of study subjects comprising 175 diagnosed breast cancer patients with positive histopathology from Breast Clinic, surgical unit-1, Civil Hospital, Karachi and 175 healthy controls from various screening programs. Blood samples were analyzed for FBG and serum insulin. Results: FBG, HOMA-IR, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly raised in breast cancer cases when compared to control subjects. Cases and controls were further categorized in to two groups using cutoff value of 110mg/dl to distinguish subjects into normal fasting glucose (<110mg/dl) and having impaired fasting glucose (${\geq}110-{\leq}125mg/dl$) or diabetes (${\geq}126mg/dl$). Odds ratios were found to be 1.57, 2.15 and 1.17 in overall, pre-menopausal and post-menopausal groups, respectively. (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: A statistically significant risk of breast cancer exists in women having elevated fasting blood glucose levels, corresponding to prediabetes and diabetes, among pre and postmenopausal ages, with comparatively greater effects in the premenopausal group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권8호
• /
• pp.3829-3833
• /
• 2012

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the practice and associated factors of breast self-examination (BSE) among Malaysian women. Methods: For this cross-sectional study 250 women were selected by a simple random sampling technique. The questionnaire was consisted of three parts: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about BSE, and practice of BSE. Obtained data was analyzed using SPSS version 13. T-test and ANOVA test were used to explore the relation between socio-demographic characteristics and the practice of BSE. Results: About 32% of the participants reported that they have had family history of cancer and about 20% of the participants reported that they have had family history of breast cancer. The majority of the participants (88.8%) have heard about breast cancer and 78.4% of the participants have heard about BSE. Race, marital status, residency, regular exercise, awareness about breast cancer, belief that breast cancer can be detected early, belief that early detection improves the chance of survival, family history of cancer, family history of breast cancer, awareness about BSE, and belief that BSE is necessary, significantly influenced the practice of BSE among women. Practice of BSE on monthly basis was found to be 47.2% among the study participants. Conclusions: The socio-demographic characteristics significantly influence the practice of BSA among women in Malaysia. The findings of this study might not only influence the planning of specific screening interventions and strategies in Malaysia but might also be important for the relevant international communities, interested in the peculiarities of BSE incidence in different countries.