• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.407-417
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• 2002

Species composition and abundance of zooplankton were investigated around Dokdo in the East/Japan Sea in autumn 1999 and spring 2000. Vertical and horizontal hauls of a bongo net ($300{\mu}m$ mesh size, 60cm diameter) were made to collect zooplankton sample. Surface temperature and salinity ranged from $24.2^{\circ}C\;to\;25.1^{\circ}C$, and from 32.9psu to 33.2psu in September 1999, respectively. In May 2000, surface temperatures were $13.9^{\circ}C\;and\;14.2^{\circ}C$ at stations of A1 and A8, and salinity was 34.5psu at both stations. Zooplankton community was dominated by copepods which comprised 61% (September) and 60% (May) of total numerical abundance, respectively. The next dominant groups were appendicularians (11%) and chaetognaths (9%) in September 1999, and other crustaceans (27%) and appendicularians (4%) in May 2000. The 15.7% (September) and 23.2% (May) of copepods were in the juvenile stage of copepodites. The most dominant copepods were Oncaea media (10.4%) and Clausocalanus sp. (8.2%) which preferred warm water in September. In contrast, cold-water copepods such as Pseudocalanus minutus (9.4%) and Metridia pacifica (8.0%) were dominant in May. The results of cluster analysis based on Bray-Curtis index showed that zooplankton community were classified into two groups which represented different water mass. The average abundance of zooplankton in September was 2.1 times higher than that in May, and species number of them in September outnumbered that in May by 29 species. Zooplankton community varied in associated with a characteristic of warm waters which affected marine ecosystem differently in the study area depending on seasons.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2013

To study the characteristics of rocky intertidal invertebrate fauna on the coastal areas of the East Sea, seven regions including Dokdo, Ulleungdo, Gyeongju, Pohang, Yeongdeok, Uljin, and Gangwondo, the common species ratio (%) and similarity index using Bray-Curtis similarity matrix were calculated. The contributed species for dissimilarity between Dokdo and the other East Sea's coastal areas were selected by using SIMPER. The common species ratio and the cluster analysis showed that Ulleungdo presented the highest similarity. However, Yeongdeok showed the highest similarity in the eastern costal areas, and Gangwondo showed the lowest one. However the cluster analysis revealed the discrimination of the rocky intertidal invertebrate community on Dokdo with others region caused by the particularity of rocky shores exposed to strong wave action and by the particular distribution of rocky intertidal invertebrate fauna in Dokdo.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.530-541
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• 2014

The dredge gear is dragged along the bottom of the sea to catch targeted edible bottom dwelling species. Species composition and ecological index of the catches of dredge were estimated around Gangneung coastal fishing ground by dredge with different mesh size and tooth space from July to December 2013. Eight different types of dredge including four different tooth space (24.7 mm, 29.9 mm, 34.9 mm, 40.1 mm) and four different mesh size(15.5 mm, 32.7 mm, 51.1 mm, 60.0 mm) were used in the experiment. During the experiment, total catches were collected 31 species as sipunculida 1 species, mollusca 13 species, annelida 3 species, arthropoda 8 species, echinodermata 4 species and others 2 species. The dominant genus were mollusca and echinodermata while the dominant species were Megangulus venulosus, Pseudocardium sachalinensis, Schaphechinus brevis. The richness index was ranged 1.29-1.72, evenness index was 0.6-0.65 and diversity index was 1.65-1.83 according to the tooth space and mesh size of dredge. Richness index, diversity index were high at tooth space 34.9 mm dredge and ecological index showed decreasing tendency with the increasing of mesh size of dredge. Cluster and MDS analysis, based on a Bray-Curtis and similarity matrix of fourth root transformed data of number of species and wet weight, showed division into four different groups as four different tooth space (Group A), four different mesh size Group B (51.1 mm, 60.0 mm), Group C (32.7 mm) and Group D (15.5 mm).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 2014

This study was carried out to measure the seasonal changes in community structure and species composition of marobenthos on the subtidal area of Saemangeum regions. The macrobenthos comprised 64 species were during this study, predominately annelids (53.0%), arthropods (18.8%), mollusks (18.8%) and 9.4% were from other species. Total abundance was 24,885 individuals, comprising 19,805 individuals of annelids (79.6%), 4,620 individuals of mollusks (18.5%), 295 individuals of other species (1.2%), and 165 individuals of arthropods (0.7%). After analyzing the bray-curtis similarity, had two large groups (A, B) the inside and outside of Saemangeum dike. They all matched the nMDS analysis. I evaluated the benthic community health using BPI (Benthic pollution Index). There are no significant differences between the station position and the inside or outside of Saemangeum dike. But, highest BPI level was in March.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.729-735
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• 2015

This study was carried out to analyze the community structure and distribution of macrobenthos in Hakampo sandy shore. As for the environmental factors of sampling stations, the average grain size of the sediments from the sampling stations was $2.37{\phi}$ with the range of $1.90{\phi}{\sim}2.52{\phi}$, which represents the typical medium sand sedimentary facies of sandy beach. The average sediment organic content was 1.15% with the range of 0.90%~1.46%. Most stations had low sediment organic content which is typical of sandy beach. The number of species were total 59 from 6 taxa and the individuals was $668inds./m^2$ in the 10 stations of the study area. Based on the Bray-Curtis similarity analysis, the 10 stations of the study area were broadly divided into 3 groups. The highest part of intertidal zone was St. 2~St. 4, the middle part of intertidal zone was St. 5~St. 8, and the lower part of intertidal zone was St. 9~St. 10. A spatial community structure was observed which is divided into the highest, middle, and lower parts.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.436-445
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• 2020

The number of protected areas has been steadily increased in Korea to achieve Aichi Target 11, and there are studies on potential protected areas that required additional designation. However, there has been an insufficient assessment of the complementarity of protected areas to conserve biodiversity effectively. This study identified the potential habitat areas using the species distribution model for plant species from the 3rd National Ecosystem Survey and compared the plant species abundance in the existing protected area and the potential protected areas using the similarity indices, such as the Jaccard index, Sorenson index, and Bray-Curtis index. As a result, we found that the complementarity of the existing protected areas and most potential protected areas were low, leading to the preservation of similar plant species. Only the buffer zone for Korea National Arboretum had high complementarity and thus is important to conserve some species with the other protected areas. This study confirmed that it was necessary to select additional protected areas outside the existing or potential protected areas to protect plant species with a low inclusion ratio of potential habitats within the protected area. This study is significant because it identified the ecological representativeness of each protected area to examine if the individual protected area can conserve unique and various species and proposed a method of finding candidate areas for additional conservation spatially. The findings of this study can be a valuable reference for the qualitative improvement of protected areas through the complementarity assessments, including animals and the effectiveness assessment study of protected areas using the National Ecosystem Survey data in the future.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2019

We carried out a literature review of fish food sources research in the coast - estuary areas of Korean peninsula for the last fifty years(1969~2018). A total of 101 research papers were reviewed, of which 81 were published in domestic journals, 7 were puliched in domestic reports and 14 were published in international journals. When divided into the decade periods, 21 papers (19.4%) between 1990 and 1999 and 26 papers (24.1%) between 2000 and 2009, and 42 papers (48.1%) were published in 2010 and 2018, respectively. When divided into the survey area by a bearing (East sea, South-East sea, South Sea, and West Sea), 65 papers(69.1%) were carried out in the South Sea. Followed by 13 papers (13.8%) in the East Sea and 8 papers (8.5%) in the West Sea and the South-East Sea, respectively. The surveyed area was dominant in Gwangyang Bay (18 papers; 24.3%), followed by Gadeok-do (8 papers; 10.8%). Of the diversity indices, 14 indices were used to calculate the ecological status. The dominant indices were IRI(Index of relative importance), Pi(Prey-specific abundance) followed by E (electivity index) and Bi (dietary breadth index). A total of 11 statistical methods were used to find feeding strategy. The correlation analysis and Bray-Curtis similarity matrix were applied most frequently. In terms of ecological research topics, the papers focused on seasonal or spatial differences before 2000. Since 2000, specifically, the international journal papers have been published based on competition, sympatric, niche overlap and other ecological topics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.50-67
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• 1993

This study analyzed the distribution and structure of the vegetation landscape in Naejangsan National Park. The plant distribution was investigated using a field survey. There were 72 sites sampled using the clumpled sampling method. The data derived from the investigation was analyzed using the quantitative analysis of Bray-Curtis method. The analysis was performed by the classification of TWINSPAN. The ordination of DCA and RA was used for the species composition and successional trends. The results are as follows; 1. Quercus. serrata-Q. variabilis community as 21.76(16.49$\textrm{km}^2$), was the largest community in the actual vegetation of the Naejangsan National Park. The degree of green naturality index 8 area covered 64.8% of the study area and the index 6 area did 16%. 2. Classified by the ordination of DCA and environmental variables, such as the plant community was divided into seven groups according to the altitude and forming groups; Chamaecy Paris. pisifera-P.densiflora community, P.densiflora community, Q.variailis community, T.nuciofera-A.palmatum community. 3. Ther species diversity and evenness indices of C.pisifera-P.densiflora community, P.densiflora community appeared low but C.laxiflora communitywhich was the most stable community in the study area. 4. The similarity indices between Q.variabilis community and Q.serrata-Q.variabilis community were calculated 58.84%, but those between other communities were comparatively low level. 5. The successional trends of DBH class seem to be from C. pisifera-P.densiflora community, P.densiflora community to Quercus species community and from Q.variabilis community, Q.serrata-Q.variabilis community to Carpinus species community. 6. Results suggested that the successional trends in Naejangsan National Park; P.densiflora community\longrightarrowQ.variablilis community, Q.serrata-Q.variabilis community\longrightarrowC.laxiflora community in sequence.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.804-810
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• 2020

The profitability of the dairy and beef industries is largely affected by the actually achieved reproductive efficiency. Although a large proportion of cows worldwide are bred by artificial insemination (AI) services, many potential factors affecting the outcome of pregnancy by AI remain to be addressed. In the present study, we investigated the vaginal microbiota by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and analyzed their association with differential pregnancy outcomes (i.e., pregnant vs. nonpregnant) of multiple AI services in dairy cows. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region totally produced 512,046 high-quality sequences that were computationally clustered into 2,584 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). All OTUs were taxonomically assigned to 10 bacterial phyla. There were statistically significant differences among the three AI service times (T1, T2 and T3) with respect to the Shannon index and number of observed OTUs (p < 0.05). Bray-Curtis distance-based PCoA analysis also revealed that T2 group could be significantly distinguished from T1 and T3. However, no significant difference between the pregnant and nonpregnant cows was found in confidence regarding both alpha diversity and beta diversity. These results could help us better understand the possible influence of vaginal microbial community on pregnancy outcomes of AI service in cows.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.945-959
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• 2014

This study was conducted to provide basic data for optimal fisheries management through the accurate understanding the catches, fishing level, species composition, distribution characteristics and fisheries status of trammel net in Gangwon Province. As the results of trammel net survey, Pisces were collected 77 species, 1,983.0 kg, Crustacea 9 species, 569.0 kg, Cephalopoda 5 species, 75.3 kg, Gastropoda 12 species, 16.5 kg in the coastal waters of Sokcho and Pisces 55 species, 3,681.5 kg, Crustacea 6 species, 2,229.8 kg, Gastropoda 10 species, 72.8 kg, Cephalopoda 4 species, 10.1 kg in the coastal waters of Donghae, respectively. The catches of important species with season and depths showed that the main target species is Pleuronectidae spp. at all depth and Aptocyclus ventricosus at <100 m in Sokcho, Liparis spp. and Dasycottus setiger at 200-500 m in Donghae, respectively. The mean total length (cm) of Gadus macrocephalus and Aptocyclus ventricosus didn't appear significant difference, but the mean total length of Pleuronectidae spp., Liparis spp. and D. setiger in Donghae is bigger than in Sokcho. From the cluster and MDS analysis based on Bray-Curtis similarity matrix of fourth root transformed, catches data of dominant species in the coastal waters of Sokcho and Donghae was divided into three different groups of the demersal organisms community in 12 survey of Donghae (Group A) and Jul., Oct.-Dec. survey of Sokcho (Group B) and Jan.-Jun. and Aug.-Sep. survey of Sokcho (Group C).