• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.66 no.3
• /
• pp.308-315
• /
• 2023

Recent updates in genomic-integrated glioma classification have caused confusion in current clinical practice, as management protocols and health insurance systems are based on evidence from previous diagnostic classifications. The Korean Brain Tumor Society conducted an electronic questionnaire for society members, asking for their ideas on risk group categorization and preferred treatment for each individual diagnosis listed in the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification of gliomas. Additionally, the current off-label drug use (OLDU) protocols for glioma management approved by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) in Korea were investigated. A total of 24 responses were collected from 20 major institutes in Korea. A consensus was reached on the dichotomic definition of risk groups for glioma prognosis, using age, performance status, and extent of resection. In selecting management protocols, there was general consistency in decisions according to the WHO grade and the risk group, regardless of the individual diagnosis. As of December 2022, there were 22 OLDU protocols available for the management of gliomas in Korea. The consensus and available options described in this report will be temporarily helpful until there is an accumulation of evidence for effective management under the new classification system for gliomas.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.252-256
• /
• 2009

Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare congenital tumor that occurs mostly in 5-15 year old children. There have been only 5 cases previously reported that described the cystic nature within these tumors. We present a case of a MA accompanied by a separate macrocyst. A normally developed 2 year-old female patient presented with partial and generalized seizures. The brain computerized tomogram and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of a calcified mass accompanied by a cyst in the right parietal area, surrounded by low density and high attenuation edema and hemorrhage. Upon right parietal craniotomy, a $1.6cm{\times}1.2cm{\times}0.5cm$ sized plate-like, gray-white, slightly hard mass was seen and it was completely excised. Approximately 1 cm from the mass in the anterior lateral direction, a cyst was found and subsequent biopsy of the cyst wall revealed no tumor tissue, and therefore the cyst was not removed. Pathologic report demonstrated the meningioangiomatosis. Follow up examination 2 years later showed no recurrence of the tumor, and there was no evidence of neurological deficits. Authors suggest that cysts that arise in the surrounding tissues of tumors may not be tumor cysts, and do not require surgical removal.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.197-200
• /
• 2013

Diagnosis of cerebral syphilitic gumma is frequently determined at the time of surgery, because imaging and laboratory findings demonstrate the elusive results. A 59-year-old woman presenting dysarthria showed a mass on her brain computed tomography. She was first suspected of brain tumor, but histological results from surgical resection revealed cerebral gumma due to neurosyphilis. After operation, she presented fever and rash with an infiltration on a chest X-ray. Histological assessment of skin was consistent with syphilis. Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbed test IgG in cerebrospinal fluid was positive. She was successfully treated with ceftriaxone for 14 days.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.108-112
• /
• 2001

We report two cases of supratentorial gangliocytomas mimicking an extra-axial tumor. MR imaging indicated that the tumors were extra-axial, and meningiomas were thus initially diagnosed. Relative to gray matter, the tumors were hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. On contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, homogeneous enhancement was observed, while CT scanning revealed calcification in one of the two cases.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.931-943
• /
• 2024

Accurately identifying brain tumors is crucial for medical imaging's precise diagnosis and treatment planning. This study presents a novel approach that uses cutting-edge image processing techniques to automatically segment brain tumors. with the use of the Pyramid Network algorithm. This technique accurately and robustly delineates tumor borders in MRI images. Our strategy incorporates special algorithms that efficiently address problems such as tumor heterogeneity and size and shape fluctuations. An assessment using the RESECT Dataset confirms the validity and reliability of the method and yields promising results in terms of accuracy and computing efficiency. This method has a great deal of promise to help physicians accurately identify tumors and assess the efficacy of treatments, which could lead to higher standards of care in the field of neuro-oncology.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.342-345
• /
• 2006

Objective : Gamma Knife Surgery[GKS] for the management of pineal region tumors is challengeable strategy as direct access to this area is not easy. The experiences of pineal region tumor patients treated with GKS were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness. Methods : Seven patients with tumors in the pineal region were treated with GKS between September 1998 and May 2005. The histological diagnosis were pineal parenchymal tumor [2 patients], low-grade astrocytoma [2 patients], immature teratoma [1 patient], and choriocarninoma [1 patient]. One patient was diagnosed as metastatic brain tumor based on histological diagnosis for primary site and brain imaging study. The median marginal dose was 15Gy [range; $11{\sim}20$] at the 50% isodose line. The median target volume was $2.5cm^3$ [range; $0.8{\sim}12.5$]. The median clinical follow up period was 29 months [range; $13{\sim}93$] and the median radiological follow up period was 18 months [range; $6{\sim}73$]. Results : Tumor volume measured in follow-up images showed reduction in six patients, disappearance in one. No adverse effect due to GKS was found during the follow-up period. The performance status was preserved in all patients except one who died due to progression of primary cancer in spite of controlled metastatic brain lesion. Conclusion : Gamma Knife Surgery can be applied to pineal region tumors irrespective of their histology whenever surgery is not indicated.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 1999

In this study, we measured the absorption coefficient of the tissues of mouse (brain, heart, liver, muscle and tumor) and human brain (normal and tumor) in the wavelength between 500nm~900nm. The optical coefficient is a representative of the characteristics of the materials. So, we can characterize the biological tissue with the optical coefficients. Using the spectrograph monometer and PDA(Photo Diode Array), we experimented with quick-frozen sectioned specimens. Because the optical coefficient is concerned with the conformation and biochemical component of the biological tissue, we experimented as the wavelength between 500nm~900nm on the normal and tumor samples of the animal and human. For the mouse, there are distinctive differences of the absorption coefficients between normal tissues and tumor. The absorption coefficient of the normal tissue varies 0.1~0.2cm$^{-1}$ with wavelength. But, the absorption coefficient of the brain tumor is changed round about 0.4~0.5cm$^{-1}$ as the wavelength. The absorption coefficients we measured can be a useful implement to detect diseases.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2021

C-11 Radiolabeled amino acid-based radiopharmaceuticals such as [¹¹C]MET for brain tumor PET imaging have limitations due to their short half-life (20 min). F-18 radiolabeled amino acid derivatives have been developed to overcome for the short half-life, one of which is [¹⁸F]FET. Brain tumor imaging using [¹⁸F]FET showed high uptake in tumor region and no non-specific uptake in inflammatory tissue, which was useful in discriminating the difference between inflammation and tumor especially. In this study, [¹⁸F]FET was synthesized using an automatic synthesis module and quality tests were carried out including enantiomeric purity analysis with reference compounds. Radiochemical yield was 50.3 ± 4.9% (n=7, decay-corrected) with molar activity of 76 ± 17 GBq/mmol. The radiochemical purity of >99%. Enantiomeric purity of [¹⁸F]FET using chiral HPLC analysis showed >99%, which was confirmed by co-injection with the L-FET and D-FET authentic standards. [¹⁸F]FET was prepared with high radiochemical yield and molar activity including no racemate mixture.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 1988

A retrospective study was performed on 15 patients with suprasellar germ cell tumors treated by megavoltage external beam irradiation between Feb. 1979 and Dec. 1985. Follow-up period of survivors was 30 to 91 months. Histologic diagnosis was obtained before radiation therapy in 10patients (9 germinomas and 1 mixed). Five patients were treated without histologic verification. In 9 patients with biopsy-proven germinomas radiation therapy was delivered to the craniospinal axis in 6, to the whole brain in 3. In 5 patients with mixed germ cell tumor or elevated tumor marker, irradiation was delievered to the craniospinal axis in 2, to the whole brain in 2, and to the primary site only in 1. Total doses ranged from 5,000 to 5,500 cGy to the primary site, 3,000 to 4,400 cGy to the whole brain, and 1,300 to 3,000 cGy to the spine. In these 14, local tumor was controlled and primary or spinal failure was not observed. One patient without elevated tumor marker was treated to the whole brain. The tumor was not controlled and he had spinal recurrence. Overall survival and disease-free survival rates were $86\%$ at 5 year. It is proven that radiation therapy is an effective treatment for suprasellar germ cell tumors. The neuroendocrinologic presentation, tumor marker status, early response to radiation measured on CT seem to be useful means for selecting patients for radiation therapy when tissue diagnosis is not available.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.60-65
• /
• 2014

This paper describes an efficient framework for the extraction of a brain tumor from magnetic resonance (MR) images. Before the segmentation process, a median filter is used to filter the image. Then, the morphological gradient is computed and added to the filtered image for intensity enhancement. After the enhancement process, the thresholding value is calculated using the mean and the standard deviation of the image. This thresholding value is used to binarize the image followed by the morphological operations. Moreover, the combination of these morphological operations allows to compute the local thresholding image supported by a flood-fill algorithm and a pixel replacement process to extract the tumor from the brain. Thus, this framework provides a new source of evidence in the field of segmentation that the specialist can aggregate with the segmentation results in order to soften his/her own decision.