• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2006

Objective : The authors present eight cases of immediate post-operative epidural hematomas[EDHs] adjacent to the craniotomy site, describe clinical details of them, and discuss their pathogenesis. Methods : Medical records of eight cases were retrospectively reviewed and their clinical data, operation records, and radiological findings analyzed. Any risk factors of the EDHs were searched. Results : In 5 of 8 cases, adjacent EDHs developed after craniotomies for the surgical removal of brain tumors. Three cases of adjacent EDHs developed after a pterional approach and neck clipping of a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and a craniotomy for a post-traumatic EDH, respectively. In all eight cases, brain computed tomography[CT] scans checked immediately or a few hours after the surgery, revealed large EDHs adjacent to the previous craniotomy site, but there was no EDH beneath the previous craniotomy flap. After emergent surgical removal of the EDHs, 7 cases demonstrated good clinical outcomes, with one case yielding a poor result. Conclusion : Rapid drainage of a large volume of cerebrospinal fluid or intra-operative severe brain collapse may separate the dura from the calvarium and cause postoperative EDH adjacent to the previous craniotomy site. A high-pressure suction drain left in the epidural space may contribute to the pathogenesis. After the craniotomy for brain tumors or intracranial aneurysms, when remarkable brain collapse occurs, an immediate postoperative brain CT is mandatory to detect and adequately manage such unexpected events as adjacent EDHs.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2012

The treatment of bilateral vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADAs) presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still challenging. The authors report a rare case of bilateral VADA treated with coil trapping of ruptured VADA and covered stents implantation after multiple unsuccessful stent assisted coiling of the contralateral unruptured VADA. A 44-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of severe headache and sudden stuporous consciousness. Brain CT showed thick SAH and intraventricular hemorrhage. Cerebral angiography demonstrated bilateral VADA. Based on the SAH pattern and aneurysm configurations, the right VADA was considered ruptured. This was trapped with endovascular coils without difficulty. One month later, the contralateral unruptured VADA was protected using a stent-within-a-stent technique, but marked enlargement of the left VADA was detected by 8-months follow-up angiography. Subsequently two times coil packing for pseudosacs resulted in near complete occlusion of left VADA. However, it continued to grow. Covered stents graft below the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) origin and a coronary stent implantation across the origin of the PICA resulted in near complete obliteration of the VADA. Covered stent graft can be used as a last therapeutic option for the management of VADA, which requires absolute preservation of VA flow.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.273-276
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• 2014

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) during pregnancy is quite rare, however it has a high maternal mortality rate. A pregnant woman in the 16th gestational week was admitted to our hospital with a drowsy level of consciousness. A brain magnetic resonance (MR) image showed hemorrhage on the prepontine cistern, and both sylvian fissures, and MR angiography and cerebral digital subtraction angiography demonstrated an aneurysm at the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). We performed endovascular coil embolization attempting to minimize radiation exposure. She was discharged with no neurologic deficit and delivered a healthy baby by cesarean section at the 38th week of gestation. This case study reported the shortest gestational period and this is the first report on an aneurysmal rupture arising from PICA which was treated using an endovascular method. Using an appropriate technique for reduced radiation exposure to the fetus and limited alterations in maternal-fetal physiology, endovascular coil embolization could guarantee good results in treatment of aneurysmal SAH in pregnant women.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

Objective: Conventional pterional approach is a commonly used neurosurgical technique for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. However, this technique requires more extensive brain exposure than other key hole approaches and is sometimes associated with surgical traumatization or cosmetic problems. The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative outcome between pterional and supraorbital keyhole approaches in the patients with anterior circulation aneurysms. Methods: The authors reviewed patients with anterior circulation aneurysms who underwent aneurysm clipping via pterional or supraorbital keyhole approach at a single institute over a period of 2 years. Ninety-eight patients harboring 108 aneurysms were included in this study. Various outcomes were recorded, which included clinical grade, cosmetic problems, patients' satisfaction and complications such as chewing discomfort, frontal muscle weakness, hyposmia, infection. Results: The supraorbital approach exhibited a shorter operation time compared with the pterional approach. Complications such as chewing discomfort occurred less frequently in the supraorbital approach group. Moreover, the cosmetic outcome was significantly better in the supraorbital group than in the pterional group. Conclusion: The supraorbital keyhole approach reduced intra- and postoperative complications, including chewing discomfort and cosmetic disturbances, compared with the conventional pterional approach.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.518-527
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• 2015

Objective : The treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms remains challenging. One approach is the application of surgical flow alteration to treat aneurysms that are neither clippable, trappable, or coilable. The efficacy and limitations of surgical flow alteration have not yet been established. Methods : Cases of complex aneurysms treated with surgical flow alteration (proximal occlusion with or without bypass, distal occlusion with or without bypass and bypass only) were included in this retrospective study. Results : Among a total of 16 cases, there were 7 giant aneurysms (${\geq}25mm$ diameter) and 9 large aneurysms (>10 mm diameter); 15 of 16 aneurysms were unruptured. There were 8 aneurysms located in the anterior circulation, while the other 8 were in the posterior circulation. Aneurysms were treated with proximal occlusion in 10 cases and distal occlusion in 5 cases; in 1 case, the aneurysm occluded spontaneously after bypass without parent artery occlusion. All but 2 cases underwent prior or concurrent bypass surgery. Complete obliteration of the aneurysm at the latest imaging follow-up was shown in 12 of 16 cases (75.0%). Bypass patency was confirmed in 13 of 15 cases (86.7%). Surgery-related morbidity developed in 3 cases (18.8%, Glasgow outcome scale of 4) and all were perforator infarctions. There were no mortalities. Conclusion : Surgical flow alteration resulted in a high rate of aneurysmal obliteration with acceptable morbidity. Although several limitations remained, it could represent an alternative method for treating complex aneurysms.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2000

Objectives : Embolization of intracranial aneurysms by using Guglielmi detachable coils(GDC) is proving to be a safe method of protecting aneurysms from rupture. Occasionally, patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms present with symptoms related to the aneurysm's mass effect on either the brain parenchyma or cranial nerves. In the present study, the authors conducted a retrospective review to evaluate the response to GDC embolization in a series of 6 patients presenting with cranial nerve dysfunction due to mass effect. Patients and Methods : Aneurysms were classified by size, shape, and amount of intraluminal thrombus. Patients were classified by duration of symptoms prior to GDC treatment(range<1 month to>4 years). Clinical assessment was performed within days of the GDC procedure and at later follow-up appointments(range 5-16 months, mean 9 months). Results : In the immediate post-GDC embolization period, one of the five patients had transient worsening of third nerve palsy, which later improved to better than baseline status. Two patients who presented with third nerve deficit from a internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery junction aneurysm had complete recovery. One patient who presented with hemiparesis and dysarthria from a giant mid-basilar aneurysm showed improvement of these symptoms. One patient who presented with sixth cranial nerve deficit from a cavernous aneurysm showed no change at the 8-months follow-up examination. Conclusion : The endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms by using GDC is suggested as an alternative therapeutic method for improving or alleviating neurological deficits produced by mass effect.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권12호
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• pp.1282-1289
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• 2008

Recently, accumulated clinical experience and advanced neuroradiological techniques have led to a better understanding of pediatric cerebrovascular disease (CVD), which was once considered rare. Approximately 10% of pediatric neurosurgical patients have CVD; therefore, it is no longer uncommon to pediatricians and pediatric neurosurgeons. Furthermore, children with CVD tend to recover better than adults after stroke because the immature brain is more plastic than the mature one. Therefore, active treatment often proves more rewarding in pediatric medicine than in adult medicine.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.71-73
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• 2010

A 28-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a sudden, very severe headache. Brain computed tomographic angiography showed a saccular cerebral aneurysm at the bifurcation of the left middle cerebral artery and infraoptic courses of both anterior cerebral arteries. The anterior cerebral arteries were seen to arise from the ipsilateral internal cerebral arteries at the level of the origin of the ophthalmic artery, passed underneath the ipsilateral optic nerve, and turned upward at ventral portion of the optic chiasm. Infraoptic course of the proximal anterior cerebral artery is an extremely rare anomaly and is often associated with cerebral aneurysms. We report the clinical features, radiological findings, and possible genesis of this anomaly with a literature review.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.511-517
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• 1992

From January 1988 to December 1990, 18 adult patients with aortic disease underwent surgical repair using hypothermia and total circulatory arrest. The age at operation ranged from 17 years to 64 years[mean 45.2$\pm$10.7 years]. We disease entities included aortic dissection in 12, aortoannuloectasia in 3 and thoracic aortic aneurysm in 3 cases. Partial cardiopulmonary bypass via femoral vessels along with surface cooling was used upon the induction of deep hypothermia[18~20oC]. Modified Bentall operation was performed in 7 cases, ascending aorta replacement in 6, graft interposition in descending thoracic aorta in 3 and others in 2 cases. The circulatory arrest was maintained for periods of 2 minutes to 86 mimutes[mean 34.7$\pm$5.0 minutes]. Overall hospital mortality was 27.8%[5/18]: brain damage was responsible for the death of 2 patients. 4 patients out of 13 survivors experienced postoperative neurologic dysfunction, which was proved to be self-limited except one case showing left hemiparesis. 12 patients were followed up postoperatively with the mean follow-up period 22.7$\pm$10.1 months. There was no death. No new neurologic problems were observed during follow-up period. All but one patient showing recurrent dissection and aortic regurgitation are in exellent clinical condition. These clinical data suggests that the principle of deep hypothermia and total circulatory arrest can be applied rather safely in adult patients, especially in the treatment of patients with aortic disease, it can be a valuable adjunct with better clinical results.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 1993

지주막하출혈은 혈관경련, 재출혈, 수두증의 합병증이 빈번히 동반되며, 이 합병증 유무에 따라 예후에 큰 영향을 받는다. 뇌동맥파열에 의한 지주막하출혈 환자 21명과 지주막하출혈 환자 중 10명(48%)의 환자에서 SPECT 검사상 양측성 관류저하가 관찰되었으며, 일측성 관류저하가 7명(33%), 관류저하가 없는 예가 4명 (19%)이었다. 반면에 CT/MRI에서 양측성 병소가 관찰된 예는 3예(14%)이었다. 발견된 병소의 수도 SPECT의 경우는 56개었으나 CT/MRI에서는 25개만이 관찰되었다. 언어장애 또는 편측 운동장애가 발생한 환자에서 SPECT로 관련영역의 관류전하를 확인할 수 있었으며 Matastest를 시행하여 뇌동맥폐쇄시술 시 위험유무를 판정할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO SPECT 검사는 지주 막하출혈 환자에서 CT/MRI에 비하여 기능변화를 정확히 반영하여, 환자의 정확한 임상상을 비관혈적으로 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 유용한 검사법으로 생각되었다.