• 대한수의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1971

The studies were conducted to ramify the splenic trabecular veins by injection of vinylite into the splenic veins in twenty five adult Korean cattle. The following results were obtained. 1. Splenic trabecular veins of bovine were collected from 3 chief Rami lienales: Rr. superior, inferior and V. polaris superior of the splenic veins, and the splenic parenchyma was ramified to 5-11 intralienal venous segments by the course of the trabecular veins. 2. Each one of the intralienal venous segments was dealt with 2-4 minute segments therefore, the splenic parenchyma was ramified from 13 minute segments in minimum to 35 minute segments in maximum. 3. The distribution of the veins in the spleen was divided into 7 types by the number of intralienal venous segment, and also was 15 kinds by collecting veins, Rr. superior et inferior and V. polaris superior. 4. The anastomosis was observed in the intralienal venous segments or minute segments. 5. Generally the splenic veins and arteries were like each other, but when observed minutely, they were unlike.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2004

본 연구는 임신 및 비임신 비장유래 macrophge의 체외배양에 의한 배양액내의 호르몬 생산을 조사하여, macrophge의 임신 관련 기전을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였으며, 임신 및 비임신된 도축 암소의 비장을 채취, macrophages를 분리${\cdot}$채취하여 24~120시간동안 39$^{\circ}C$에서 체외배양을 실시하였다. Progesterone의 생산은 24-96시간 동안에는 임신한 것이비임신에 비하여 생산율이 높았으며, 120시간에는 임신이 비임신에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다. Estradiol은 임신이 24시간에 월등히 생산이 높았으나, 배양시간이 경과함에 따라 약간의 차이는 있었으나, 증감은 없었다. IGF-I은 임신이 배양초기부터 비임신에 비하여 생산율이 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 임신소의 비장 유래 macrophage는 체외배양에 의해 호르몬을 생산할 수 있었으며, 임신 유지에 중요한 작용을 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 1968

This study was conducted to ramify of the splenic arteries by injection of Vinylite into the splenic arteries in twenty five adult Korean cattle. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Splenic trabcular arteries of bovine were originated from 3 chief Rami lienales, Aa. terminales superior et inferior and A. polaris superior, of the splenic arteries, and the splenic parenchyma was ramified to 4-9 arterial segments by the course of the Rami lienales. 2. Each one of the arterial segments was dealt with 2-4 Teilsegmente, therefore, the splenic parenchyma was ramified from 12 Teilsegmente in minimum to 30 Teilsegmente in maximum. 3. The distribution of the arteries in the spleens was divided into 6 types by the number of arterial segments, and also was 15 kinds by the distributing arteries, Aa. terminales superior et inferior and A. polares superior. 4. The anastomosis was not observed between the arterial segments and Teilsegmente.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2005

페리틴은 생체 내 주요 철 저장 단백질로서 포유류에서 세균류에 이르기까지 다양한 생명체에 존재한다. 페리틴 분자는 $18\~22 kDa$의 단량체 24개가 결합된 약 240 kDa분자량을 지닌 거대분자이다. 본 연구에서는 개의 비장에서부터 열처리, 염석, 컬럼 크로마토그래피, 그리고 한외여과 등의 방법으로 페리틴을 정제한 후, 그 전기영동상의 특성 및 면역화학적 특성을 말, 소, 돼지 등의 비장 유래 페리틴과 비교 분석하였다. 이러한 정제방법에 의해 개의 비장으로부터 페리틴의 양은 비장 1g당 약$84{\mu}g$이었다. 정제된 개 페리틴의 철 함량은 $22.7\%$로서 함께 비교 검토한 다른 동물 유래의 페리틴에 비해 가장 높게 나타났다. 개 페리틴의 비변성 겔에서의 이동상은 소페리틴과 유사하였고, 변성 겔에서는 돼지 및 말의 페리틴과 유사하였다. SDS-PACE상에서 나타난 개 페리틴 subunit의 분자량은 19.5kDa이였으며 이때 SDS-PACE상의 ferritin subunit은 철과 결합하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 개 페리틴의 면역화학적 특성을 다른 동물유래의 페리틴과 비교하고자, 개의 페리틴에 대한 다클론 항체를 쥐에서 생산하였다. 생산된 항-페리틴 항체를 이용하여 Ouchterlony doulbe immunodiffusion방법으로 개, 소, 말, 돼지 페리틴들을 항원으로 항원-항체반응을 조사한 결과, 항-개 페리틴 항체가 소, 말, 돼지의 페리틴과도 항원-항체반응을 일으킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 개, 소, 말, 돼지 페리틴들이 항원적 동일성을 지니고 있음을 시사한다. 항-개 페리틴 항체를 이용하여 타 동물 유래의 페리틴에 대한 Western blot analysis를 시도한 결과, 항-개 페리틴 항체가 개 페리틴 및 돼지 폐리틴에는 강하게 반응하였으나 말과 소 유래의 페리틴에 대해서는 비교적 약하게 반응하여, 개의 페리틴이 면역화학적으로 돼지 페리틴과 가장 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 개의 페리틴에 대한 생화학적 및 면역학적 특성을 제시한다.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.670-676
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• 2001

Effect of the butanol fraction of Astragali Radix (BFAR) on the humoral immune response were investigated in ICR mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups and BFAR at doses of 5,25 and 125 mg/kg were administered orally to mice daily for 3 weeks, and the normal animals were given vehicle. The results of this study are summarized as follows; the relative weight of spleen was markedly increased by BFAR treatment, compared with that in normal mice. However, the body weight gain and the relative weight of liver were not affected. Splenic plaque forming cells and hemagglutination titers to sheep red blood cells, and the secondary IgG antibody response to bovine serum albumin were also dose-dependently enhanced by BFAR treatment. In these mice, BFAR did not increase serum alanine aminotransferase total protein, sect albumin and albumin/globulin ratio when compared with those in normal mice. Thus, these findings indicate that BFAR significantly enhances humoral immune response to antigen in concentrations that do not affected liver function.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 1982

소백혈병(白血病)바이러스 봉입체단백(封入體蛋白)을 항원(抗原)으로 이용한 면역확산법(免疫擴散法)으로 전국에 산재해 있는 164개 목장(牧場)에서 사육중인 2003두(頭)의 유우(乳牛)에 대한 소백혈병(白血病)바이러스항체(抗體) 조사결과, 양성율(陽性率)은 충청도(忠淸道)가 41.8%로 가장 높았고, 전북(全北)은 24.4%로 가장 낮았다. 지역별(地域別) 양성율(陽性率)은 중부지역(中部地域)이 37.8%, 호남지역(湖南地域)이 27.2%, 영남지역(嶺南地域)이 28.0%, 그러고 영동지역(嶺東地域)이 25.2%였다. 전국의 평균 양성율(陽性率)은 29.8%였다. 혈청학적(血淸學的) 검사결과(檢査結果)를 분석(分析)하였던 바 양성율(陽性率)은 소의 연령(年齡)이 높을수록, 사육규모(飼育規模)가 클수록 높은 경향이 있었고, 소의 연령군(年齡群)이 6내지 8세에서, 사육규모(飼育規模)가 20내지 50두(頭)의 우군(牛群)에서 양성율(陽性率)이 가장 높였다. 중부지역(中部地域)에 사육중인 117두(頭)의 종모우(種牡牛)에 대해 조사한 결과 한우(韓牛)에서는 5.7%(4/70), 홀스타인 종모우(種牡牛)에서는 35.9% (14/39)의 양성율(陽性率)을 나타냈다. 우군별(牛群別)로는 혈청검사(血淸檢査)를 한 164개 우군(牛群)중에 양성우(陽性牛)가 전혀 없는 우군(牛群)이 17개군(個群)(10.4%), 20~40%의 양성우(陽性牛)가 있는 우군(牛群)이 42개(個)(25.6%)였고, 80%이상의 양성우(陽性牛)가 있는 우군(牛群)은 10개군(個群)(6.1%)이었다. 소백혈병(白血病)바이러스항체(抗體) 양성우(陽性牛)에서 분리(分離)한 임파구(淋巴球)를 phytohemagglutinin을 첨가한 배지(培地)에 단기배양(短期培養)한 후 BLV 형광항체(螢光抗體)를 이용하여 임파구(淋巴球)내의 BLV항원(抗原) 증명(證明)을 시도한 바, 양성우(陽性牛) 11두(頭)중 8두((頭)(72.7%)에서 특이(特異)한 BLV항원(抗原)이 규명(糾明)되었다. BLV 항체양성우(抗體陽性牛) 7두(頭)와 음성우(陰性牛) 4두(頭)에서 분리한 임파구(淋巴球)의 우태아비장세포(牛胎兒脾臟細胞)에 대한 syncytium 형성능(形成能)을 시험한 바, 양성우(陽性牛) 7두(頭) 중 5두(頭)(71.4%)의 임파구(淋巴球)가 syncytium을 형성(形成)하였다. 배양(培養)된 임파구(淋巴球)를 전자현미경(電子顯微鏡)으로 검사한 결과 6두(頭)의 양성우(陽性牛) 중 2두(頭)에서 90~110nm. 크기의 전형적(典型的)인 C형(型) 소백혈병(白血病)바이러스가 증명(證明)되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2000

Epoxidised soya bean oil (ESBO, 1000, 2000 or 4000 mg/kg) was orally administered to BALB/c mice daily for 28 consecutive days, and the control mice were exposed to vehicle (corn oil). Mice were immunized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or bovine serum albumin (BSA). In groups exposed to ESBO, the body weight gains and the relative lymphoid organ weights were not significantly changed as compared with control group. Secondary IgG antibody response to BSA was not significantly changed by ESBO, but plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to SRBC was significantly suppressed in mice treated with 4000 mg ESBO/kg/day. The mitogenic response of splenic B cells induced by LPS was not effected by ESBO in any of the groups. These results indicate that ESBO did not induce significant humoral immune response at a dose less than 2000 mg/kg/day in mice.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1975

Despite a number of recent studies on appendix its function appears to remain unknown. The present studies were undertaken in order to extend and confirm the previous studies concerning the role of appendix in immune response. An early hemagglutinin response of mercaptoethanol sensitive antibody(IgM antibody) in rabbit injected intravenously(i.v.) with 200mcg of bovine gamma globulin(BGG) was abolished by lethal whole body irradiation(900 r), but preserved in animals whose appendix and bone marrow were shielded during irradiation. Late formation of mercaptoethanol resistant antibody(IgG antibody) and the development of memory in bone marrow shielded animals were not affected by irradiation of the appendix. Formation of either IgM or IgG antibody to sheep red blood cells(SRBC) injected i.v. as determined by direct plaque forming cell(DPFC) technique in spleen were effectively abolished by appendectomy, thymectomy, or both followed by irradiation. When bone marrow was shielded in combination with autologous appendix reconstitution, DPFC response was about 5 times greater than the sum of two. Lysed appendix cells failed to restore the response. Lethally irradiated rabbits restored with combination of autologous appendix and thymus cells showed DPFC responses which were essentially normal. Three pools of appendix were obtained by manual separation technique and were stimulated with soluble concanavalin A(Con A), phytohemagglutinin-P(PHA) and pokeweed mitogen(PWM). Rabbit appendix cells responded to Con A, PHA and PWM. Cells of thymus dependent area(TDA) of the appendix were relatively enriched in their response to T cell mitogens compared to dome and follicle cells. The PHA/Con A responsive ratio of appenix TDA subpopulation was high, indicating that Con A responsive cells have a wider distribution among appendix. This finding showed that interfollicular area of the appendix is thymus-dependent. The present studies confirmed other evidence that the rabbit appendix cells itself are unable to form antibody and T lymphocytes in appendix TDA may be heterogenous, and that the appendix cells are synergistic with either bone marrow or thymus cells in the early hemagglutinin on splenic antibody response to BGG or SRBC.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.5-21
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• 2001

The influence of electroacupuncture (EA), a traditional Chinese medical treatment, on type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was examined in DBA/1J mice in vivo. Mice were immunized intradermally twice at the 3-week interval with bovine type Ⅱ collagen(C Ⅱ). EA stimulation, begun on the 21 simultaneously with the second immunization, was applied at the acupoint equivalent to GV4 three times a week for 3 weeks. The results showed that EA delayed the onset, attenuated the severity of arthritis, and reduced the anti-collagen antibody level. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of EA on the productions of endogenous $interleukin-1{\Beta}$ (IL-1 beta) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the levels of IL-1 beta mRNA in splenocytes and synovial tissues from C Ⅱ immunized mice on the 45 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages of normal mice by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). EA stimulation significant inhibited the concentrations of splenic endogenous IL-1 beta and serum PGE2. The expression of IL-1 beta mRNA in spleen cells was obviously down-regulated and that in synovial tissues was modestly affected by EA. COX-2 mRNA was highly expressed in cultured peritoneal macrophages when stimulated with LPS. Previous treatment with EA also reduced LPS-stimulated induction of COX-2 mRNA. These data suggest that EA has an inhibitory effect on murine CIA, and the partial mechanism of its therapeutic result may be attributed to inhibiting the productions of IL-1 beta and PGE2 by suppression the IL-1 beta and COX-2 gene activations.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.223-227
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• 1987

The effects of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene on the immune status in normal male were evaluated. They exhibited significant decrease in the circulating leukocyte counts. Relative spleen and thymus weights were slightly decreased, but not stratistically significant. These were, however, significant liver hypertrophies in theier exposed mice. Splenic IgM PFCs per one million cells in 1/20 LD50 BHA and BHT exposed mice were significantly reduced IgM PFCs per spleen were similar tothose of control, except in 1/20 LD50 BHA exposed mice, where they were significantly suppressed. The precise nature of the inhibition is not clear. Direct cytotoxicity is not responsible for the depressed antibody response, even following relatively high doses of them, because the changes in spleen cellularity are not significant. Both substances, however, did not show any effects on the arthus reaction and delayed hypersensitivity reaction induced by heat aggreagted bovine serum albumin, and in vivo phagocytosis of colloidal carbon. In the light of the present results, in vivo antibody response as well as in vitro, may be sensitive to BHA of the present results, in vivo antibody response as well as in vitro, amy be sensitie to BHA and BHT. Further elucidation of the precise nature of antibody suppression in their exposed mice, is warranted.