• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2010

근막통증은 발통점에 의해 야기되는 근육통을 특징으로 하는 전반적인 통증 증후군으로 정의될 수 있다. 근막통증은 경부통, 견통, 두통 및 구강안면통증이 지속적으로 존재할 수 있는 흔한 원인이 될 수 있다. 구강안면통증을 치료하는 의사들은 근막통증이 구강안면통증에 기여하는 바에 대하여 이해하고 있어야 한다. 본 증례는 보툴리눔 톡신 A형을 이용한 만성 근막통증의 성공적인 치료에 대하여 보고하고자 한다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.143-145
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• 2015

Page kidney refers to the phenomenon of hypertension secondary to long-standing compression of renal parenchyma caused by renal subcapsular collection. The most common cause of renal subcapsular collection is a hematoma which usually occurs after a history of blunt trauma. A 42-year-old female patient who received botulinum toxin injection in her back during chiropractic care was admitted to the emergency room with sudden bilateral flank pain and hypertension. The computed tomography (CT) images demonstrated the presence of bilateral subcapsular renal hematoma. The patient was treated conservatively and recovered well. The follow up CT images showed markedly resolved bilateral hematoma.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2012

보툴리눔 독소 주사는 이마, 눈가 주름치료 등 미용성형분야 뿐만 아니라 구강 악안면 분야에서는 만성 편두통(chronic migraine), 근육긴장이상(dystonia), 경직(spasticity), 측두하악장애(temporomandibular disorders, TMD)의 치료 등에 사용되어 왔다. 최근 보툴리눔 독소 주사가 운동신경에서 마비효과 뿐만 아니라 감각신경에서 말초감작과 신경원성염증과 관련되는 substance P, CGRP, glutamate 등 비콜린성 신경전달물질의 유리를 차단하여 통증신호를 차단하는 역할을 한다는 가설이 제기되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 쥐, 토끼 등 동물 신경 손상 모델에 대한 실험과 치과 치료 후 발생한 신경 손상 환자에서 보툴리눔 독소의 진통 효과 및 작용 기전을 살펴보고자 한다.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2020

The foot or lower extremity is rarely the initial site in adult-onset dystonia, whereas dystonia in children often begins in the foot. Isolated lower extremity dystonia in adults is rarely on a primary basis. Oral anti-dystonic medications have been found unsatisfactory in providing adequate symptomatic relief. On the other hand, botulinum toxin injections have been reported as beneficial. It is also known that personalized orthosis can be an effective solution for patients of dystonia. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate a case of primary focal foot dystonia that was effectively treated with botulinum toxin injection and the custom-made ankle-foot orthosis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.350-353
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• 2005

Objective: Various methods of treatment for idiopathic cervical dystonia have been tried in the past with unsatisfactory results. The authors report cases of five patients who underwent selective peripheral denervation for spasmodic torticollis. Methods: Between July 2002 and December 2003, 5 patients underwent surgery at St. Mary's Hospital for spasmodic torticollis. Age of the patient at the onset of symptoms ranged from 29 to 56years (mean 43.75years). Selective peripheral denervation(SPD) was performed at 7 to 11 months after the onset of symptoms (mean 8.75 months). A patient was considered to be the candidate for surgery if conservative methods were unsuccessful and symptoms persisted for longer than 7months. In addition, 2patients who refused treatment with botulinum toxin were also enrolled in this study. Results: Although one patient underwent reoperation, all of the five patients' symptoms were improved after the operation. Clinically, patients with retrocollis showed better improvement than laterocollis patients. Conclusion: Although injection of botulinum toxin is the first-choice in treatment modality, when surgery is required, selective peripheral denervation provides good results with minimum side effects.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2006

Clostridium botulinum spores are widely distributed in nature. Type A and proteolytic type B bacteria produce heat-resistant spores that are primarily involved in most of the food-borne botulism outbreaks associated with low-acid canned foods. Food-borne botulism results from the consumption of food in which C. botulinum has grown and produced neurotoxin. Growth and toxin production of type A and proteolytic type B in canned foods can be prevented by the use of thermal sterilization alone or in combination with salt and nitrite. The hazardousness of C. botulinum in low-acid canned foods can also be reduced by preventing post-process contamination and introducing hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) practices during production. Effectiveness of non-thermal technologies such as high pressure processing with elevated process temperatures on inactivation of spores of C. botulinum will be discussed.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for temporary improvement of glabellar lines in patients 65 years and younger in 2002, and has also been used widely for aesthetic purposes such as hyperhidrosis, body shape contouring, and other noninvasive facial procedures. BoNT-A inhibits presynaptic exocytosis of acetylcholine (ACh)-containing vesicles into the neuromuscular junction at cholinergic nerve endings of the peripheral nervous system, thereby paralyzing skeletal muscles. ACh is the most broadly used neurotransmitter in the somatic nervous system, preganglionic and postganglionic fibers of parasympathetic nerves, and preganglionic fibers or postganglionic sudomotor nerves of sympathetic nerves. The scientific basis for using BoNT-A in various cosmetic procedures is that its function goes beyond the dual role of muscle paralysis and neuromodulation by inhibiting the secretion of ACh. Although the major target organs for aesthetic procedures are facial expression muscles, skeletal body muscles, salivary glands, and sweat glands, which are innervated by the somatic or autonomic nerves of the peripheral cholinergic nerve system, few studies have attempted to directly explain the anatomy of the areas targeted for injection by addressing the neural physiology and rationale for specific aesthetic applications of BoNT-A therapy. In this article, we classify the various cosmetic uses of BoNT-A according to the relevant component of the peripheral nervous system, and describe scientific theories regarding the anatomy and physiology of the cholinergic nervous system. We also review critical physiological factors and conditions influencing the efficacy of BoNT-A for the rational aesthetic use of BoNT-A. We hope that this comprehensive review helps promote management policies to support long-term, safe, successful practice. Furthermore, based on this, we look forward to developing and expanding new advanced indications for the aesthetic use of BoNT-A in the future.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2018

Background: Safety, efficacy, and time to onset of effect of botulinum toxin type A is of importance to persons who seek improvement in glabellar frown lines, but this has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to determine the safety, efficacy, and onset of action of a newly developed botulinum toxin type A (Nabota) for the treatment of glabellar frown lines. Methods: This was a single-arm, open-label, and phase 4 clinical study. Forty-two subjects with glabellar lines were treated with five times of intramuscular injection of 0.1 mL (4 U/0.1 mL) for a total of 20 U of Nabota. Efficacy and safety were assessed at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 14 days. Efficacy was assessed by the investigator and it was defined as a 1-point change on a 4-point scale. Results: Improvement in glabellar frown lines at maximum frown was observed in 85.4% of subjects 2 days after administration. Improvement in glabellar lines at rest was observed in 51.2% of subjects 2 days after administration, and the proportion of subjects showing improvement increased with time. No severe adverse events were recorded. Conclusion: Onset of action was observed in the majority of subjects by 2 days after administration of Nabota. In addition, Nabota was found to be safe and effective for the treatment of glabellar frown lines.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2009

구강하악 근긴장이상증(oromandibular dystonia)은 국소적인 근긴장이상증의 한 형태로, 저작근, 안면근 또는 혀 근육의 지속적이고 반복적인 근경련이 발생하여 불수의적인 개구 및 폐구, 악골의 측방 및 후퇴운동이 나타나는 것으로 정의내릴 수 있다. 구강하악 근긴장이상증에 이환된 환자의 경우, 저작, 연하 및 발음을 하는데 불편감을 가지게 되고, 그 결과 하악 운동에 지장을 초래하게 된다. 현재까지는 근긴장이상증에 대한 병태생리가 뚜렷히 입증된 바가 없어, 원인에 관련한 치료는 이루어지지 않고 있는 상태이다. 약물요법, 행동요법, 외과적 처치 등 다양한 방법이 구강하악 근긴장이상증의 치료법으로 제시되고 있으나, 성공률이 그리 높은 편은 아니며, 많은 부작용을 초래할 수 있다. 최근 들어 근긴장이상증에 이환된 근육에 보툴리눔 톡신을 이용한 치료법이 주목을 받고 있는 추세이다. 본 증례를 통해 구강하악 근긴장이상증을 중심으로 한 구강안면 운동장애에 대하여 전반적으로 고찰을 시행하고 해당 질환에서의 보툴리눔 톡신 치료법에 대하여 알아보고자 한다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.218-222
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• 2023

Background: Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxic substance with a wide range of uses, from the treatment of musculoskeletal spasms to anti-aging regimens by improving wrinkles. Split-face studies in which drugs are injected in the right and left sides of the faces have been actively conducted in botulinum toxin studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the reliability of a split-face study for determining the effectiveness of botulinum toxin based on eyebrow height and movement, and electromyography results. Methods: Thirty-one women aged 35 to 55 years were included in the study. Eyebrow height was measured as the distance from the eyebrows to the upper eyelid margin on the primary gaze, and eyebrow movement was measured as the distance when the forehead was wrinkled for 5 seconds. A noninvasive method was used for electromyography of the frontalis muscles. Results: No statistically significant differences in right and left eyebrow heights and movements, and electromyography findings (p= 0.256, p= 1.000, and p= 0.978, respectively) were found. Pearson correlation analysis showed that electromyography muscle activity is positively associated with eyebrow movement, respectively (p< 0.001). Conclusion: We advocate the reliability of split-face study and the usefulness of electromyography of frontalis muscle in forehead rejuvenation research.