• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.337-341
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• 1997

In order to investigate the role of a small GTP-binding protein RhoA in lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced stress fiber formation, C3 ADP-ribosyltransferase was prepared by expressing in E. coli and then applied to Rat-2 fibroblasts. C3 transferase isolated from E. coli was as effective as the toxin from Clostridium botulinum in ADP-ribosylation of RhoA. Incubation of the cells with C3 transferase for 2 days induced ADP-ribosylation of RhoA by a dose-dependent manner, with a sub-maximal induction at $25\;{\mu}g/ml$. As expected, LPA-induced stress fiber formation was completely blocked by pre-incubation with C3 transferase for 2 days. However, exogenously added C3 transferase had no significant effect on the formation of phosphatidylethanol by LPA. These results suggested that phospholipase D was not activated by RhoA in the LPA-induced stress fiber formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.146-148
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• 2006

Spasmodic dysphonia is a voice disorder characterized by involuntary voice breaks during speech. Adductor spasmodic dysphonia is most common and characterized by strained and strangled voice breaks. The current standard of treatment of therapy for adductor spasmodic dysphonia is chemodenervation of thyroarytenoid muscle with botulinum toxin(Botox). However, Botox is a temporary treatment with each injection lasting approximately 3 months on average and require repeated injections. In this study, we report our experience with surgical treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia. In this procedure, the thyroarytenoid branch and lateral cricoarytenoid branch of recurrent laryngeal nerve is selectively denervated unilaterally, and its distal nerve stump of thyroarytenoid branch is reinnervated with branch of the usa cervicalis nerve. And lateral cricoarytenoid muscle partial myotomy was done unilaterally. After 6 months of treatment, voice fluency had improved and no period of breathiness or dysphagia was noted.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.5.1-5.4
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• 2015

Dry eye syndrome is a relatively common disease of the tears and ocular surfaces that results in discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with possible damage to the ocular surfaces. Microvascular submandibular gland (SMG) transfer offers a surgical alternative for a permanent autologous substitution of tears using the basal secretion of a transplanted SMG. Long-term follow-up reveals that this technique is a lasting and effective solution for patients with severe dry eye syndrome. The uncomfortable symptoms were relieved, and the frequency of use of pharmaceutical tear substitutes was reduced. Objective examination showed significant improvement in tear film and some features of ocular surface such as breakup time of tear film and corneal staining. Patients may suffer from obstruction of Wharton's duct or epiphora after surgery. Activation of secretion-related receptors could improve the early hypofunction of the denervated SMG and prevent the duct obstruction. Reduction surgery, partial SMG transplantation, uses of atropine gel or Botulinum toxin A could be the choices of treatment for epiphora.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.521-531
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• 2015

Facial rejuvenation procedures can be roughly divided into face lift surgery and nonoperative, less invasive procedures, such as fat grafts, fillers, botulinum toxin injections, thread lifts, or laserbrasion. Face lift surgery or rhytidectomy is the procedure most directly associated with rejuvenation, due to its fundamental ability to restore the anatomical changes caused by aging. Various methods of face lift surgery have been developed over the last hundred years, thanks to advances in the understanding of facial anatomy and the mechanisms of aging, as well as the dedication of innovative surgeons. However, no generally applicable standard method exists, because the condition of each patient is different, and each operative method has advantages and disadvantages. Specific characteristics of the skin of Asians and their skeletal anatomy should be considered when determining the operative method to be used on Asian patients. Plastic surgeons should improve their ability to analyze the original aesthetic properties and problem areas of each patient, drawing on scientific knowledge about the aging process, and they should develop the skills necessary to perform various rejuvenative techniques. In the present article, we reviewed various face lift procedures and the current methods of modified double plane face lift, based on our clinical experience of over 30 years.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.256-262
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• 2020

Background Most women consider an oval-shaped face to be youthful and beautiful. In recent years, demand has grown for surgical procedures with a shorter downtime and fewer complications. These minimally invasive procedures include botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injection, filler injection, suction-assisted liposuction (SAL), laser-assisted lipolysis (LAL), thread lifting, and fat grafting. This study aims to introduce an effective method for creating an aesthetically pleasing lower face using a combination of minimally invasive procedures. Methods From March 2017 to March 2019, 94 patients simultaneously underwent LAL, SAL, and thread lifting. Ancillary procedures such as BoNTA injections, hyaluronic acid filler injections, and removal of the buccal fat pad (BFP) were selectively performed according to the patient's condition. Results Patients rated their postoperative satisfaction as very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied, or very dissatisfied. Approximately 83% of all respondents were satisfied with the results, whereas the remaining respondents had complaints regarding the outcomes. The most common reasons for dissatisfaction were a longer-than-expected recovery time and undercorrection, and the most severe complaint was skin depression as a result of overcorrection. Conclusions Our method of simultaneously performing LAL, SAL, and thread lifting, while adding BoNTA, filler injections, and BFP removal as needed, was capable of producing consistent and reliable aesthetic outcomes for the lower face.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.149-153
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• 2013

Animal poisoning has been occurred in Korea. However, the lack of the data about animal poisoning in Korea makes clinicians and diagnostician difficult to obtain information on poisoning cases. In this paper, we tried to gather information about animal poisoning from 1974 to June 2013 in Korea. Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA) record database were used to examine recent trends in animal poisoning. The analysis showed that the cattle was reported to be the most common species involved in animal poisoning and botulinum toxin constituted the primary group of toxicants. Animal poisoning occurred frequently on January and in Gyenggi-do. Although the data present in this manuscript is a little, it will be helpful to understand the general trend of animal poisoning in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.246-250
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• 2007

We report here on a case of right side spasmodic torticollis (ST) that was refractory to botulinum toxin type A injection and medication. The patient finally underwent a selective ramisectomy with ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) resection, but the remaining symptoms slowly aggravated, and a contralateral left side SCM spasm began. As conservative therapy for reducing the spasmodic symptoms, accessory nerve block, upper cervical plexus block and stellate ganglion block were performed twice in a week. After 6 months, the spasmodic symptoms significantly decreased. The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) decreased by more than 70%. After one year of serial intermittent local anesthetic blockade therapy, the patient became almost free from the original ST symptoms (TWSTRS = 1). Serial local anesthetic interventions for the ST patient may have a beneficial role on the pathological peripherocentral neural activity of the ST patient and can modulate motor-sensory integration in the patient.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.233-241
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• 2020

Vagal damage and subsequent pyloric denervation inevitably occur during esophagectomy, potentially leading to delayed gastric emptying (DGE). The choice of an optimal pyloric procedure to overcome DGE is important, as such procedures can lead to prolonged surgery, shortening of the conduit, disruption of the blood supply, and gastric dumping/bile reflux. This study investigated various pyloric methods and analyzed comparative studies in order to determine the optimal pyloric procedure. Surgical procedures for the pylorus include pyloromyotomy, pyloroplasty, or digital fracture. Botulinum toxin injection, endoscopic balloon dilatation, and erythromycin are non-surgical procedures. The scope, technique, and effects of these procedures are changing due to advances in minimally invasive surgery and postoperative interventions. Some comparative studies have shown that pyloric procedures are helpful for DGE, while others have argued that it is difficult to reach an objective conclusion because of the variety of definitions of DGE and evaluation methods. In conclusion, recent advances in interventional technology and minimally invasive surgery have led to questions regarding the practice of pyloric procedures. However, many clinicians still perform them and they are at least somewhat effective. To provide guidance on the optimal pyloric procedure, DGE should first be defined clearly, and a large-scale study with an objective evaluation method will then be required.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 2019

Lateral epicondylitis, also known as 'tennis elbow', is a degenerative rather than inflammatory tendinopathy, causing chronic recalcitrant pain in elbow joints. Although most patients with lateral epicondylitis resolve spontaneously or with standard conservative management, few refractory lateral epicondylitis are candidates for alternative non-operative and operative modalities. Other than standard conservative treatments including rest, analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, orthosis and physical therapies, nonoperative treatments encompass interventional therapies include different types of injections, such as corticosteroid, lidocaine, autologous blood, platelet-rich plasma, and botulinum toxin, which are available for both short-term and long-term outcomes in pain resolution and functional improvement. In addition, newly emerging biologic enhancement products such as bone marrow aspirate concentrate and autologous tenocyte injectates are also under clinical use and investigations. Despite all non-operative therapeutic trials, persistent debilitating pain in patients with lateral epicondylitis for more than 6 months are candidates for surgical treatment, which include open, percutaneous, and arthroscopic approaches. This review addresses the current updates on emerging non-operative injection therapies as well as arthroscopic intervention in lateral epicondylitis.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the masseter muscle thickness before and after treatment using ultrasound sonography in patients with parafunctional habits. Materials and Methods: From September 2019 to March 2020, a total of 27 patients who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital were collected. The thickness of both masseter muscles was measured using a tablet ultrasound scanner. Statistical analysis was performed by using the IBM SPSS version 26.0 statistical package (IBM Corp) with significance level at 0.05. Result: According to the statistical results, the thickness of the masseter muscle was thicker on the right side than on the left, with no correlation with sex or age. The severity and duration of pain did not have a significant correlation with the thickness of the masseter muscle. Botulinum A toxin injection in the masseter muscle was the most effective way to reduce pain and reduce the thickness of the masseter muscle. Splint treatment also showed some effects in reducing the thickness of the masseter muscle. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be claimed that ultrasonography is simple, inexpensive and easily repeatable method to get real-time diagnosis and treatment results for masseter muscles.