• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of prunus mume extract on the Kimchi fermentation. The physicochemical and microbiological properties of Kimchi with the addition of various levels(0, 0.1, 0.3 or 0.5%)of prunus mume extract was measured up to 30 days at $4^{\circ}C$. pH was decreased sharply in control after 2 days . A typical decreasing pattern in pH values was noted in all treatments during the initial 18 days of fermentation followed by a gradual decrease afterwards. Total acidity was decreased by the addition of prunus mume extract. Reducing sugar content was reduced to approximately 70% by day 10-12 in prunus mume extract treatments. Total vitamin C content was reached to maximum on 6 days of fermentation and then decreased in all treatments. Reducing sugar and total vitamin C contents were slightly increased by the addition of prunus mume. Total viable cell number increased to reach peak on day 8 and then slowly decreased during the fermentation. Lactobacillus cell number in control treatment continued to increase to reach peak on day 12, while the numbers in prunus mume treatments reached peak on day 8-12 and then gradually decreased throughout the fermentation. The results of this study indicate that prunus mume extract causes to delay the Kimchi fermentation by slowing down pH drop and inhibiting the Lactobacillus cell growth.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to obtain a basic information for new variety development. The local soybean (Glycine max. L) lines used were endowed from Chungnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services. These lines were planted at upland farm of Chungnam Nat'l Univ., College of Agri. after treatment with mutagen $\gamma$-ray. All characteristics measured were decreased due to the $\gamma$-ray treatment than check except the branches of main stem of the Hannam and plant height of the Sobak. Especially the Sobak and the Eunha among these lines were shown very sensitivly than others treated with $\gamma$-ray of 15Krad. Of characteristics surveyed the nodes per plant was very sensitive to $\gamma$-ray, while the grain weight per plant, the pods per plant and the branches per plant were gradually decreased to further radioactivity about $\gamma$-ray treatment. In the Pungsan and the Sobak lines there were not shown significant between major characteristics at treatments including check. Other lines were also not shown positive correlation among characteristics except between stem diameter and branches(0.64*), grain weight and plant height(0.77**) at check of the Eunha, between stem nodes and stem diameter(0.65*) at check of the Kwangan and between number of pods and stem diameter(0.70*) at check of the Danyeop. From result this experiment, some of lines used were to be appeared characters of interest, for example, such as the short stem and the early flowering. Therefore these lines were needed more advanced generations for stability and performance.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.46-61
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• 2016

The ethnobotanical study was conducted to record and conserve the traditional knowledge of botanical taxa in Hallyeo-Haesang National Park area, S. Korea from 2012 to 2013. According to the survey results, derived from 1,430 sheets of 183 residents at 70 places, the ethnobotanical plants in Hallyeo-Haesang National Park area consisted of a total 247 taxa; 82 families, 197 genera, 224 species, 3 subspecies, 19 varieties and 1 form. The analysis of usage for 247 taxa showed that the edible use was the highest with 166 taxa, followed by medicinal with 138 taxa, craft with 27 taxa, material with 16 taxa and ritual with 9 taxa respectively. The leaf of plant was the most useful part, followed by stem and fruit plant. Quantitative analysis of the ethnobotanical plants in Hallyeo-Haesang National Park area was performed by the basic values of FC, NU and UR, and indices of CI, RFC, RI and CV. As a result, The CI places Artemisia princeps in the first position, followed by Pueraria lobata, Taraxacum platycarpum. The RFC place A. princeps in first position, followed by Achyranthes japonica, Aster scaber. The RI places A. princeps in the first position, followed by P. lobata, Pinus densiflora. The CV places A. princeps in the first position, followed by P. lobata, A. japonica. Farfugium japonicum had been used as specific ethnobotanical plant in this area, for arthralgia, postpartum arthrodynia, circulatory disturbance.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 1996

The root and stem bark of Eleutherococcus spp. is used for the treatment of paralysis, rheumatism, arthritis, diabetes, stamina failure, high blood pressure, etc. This study was con­ducted to identify botanical origins and to select standard variety of Eleutherococcus spp. with analyzing eleutheroside E content(%) of root bark and that of Eleutherococcus senticosus at different collected area, time, part and grown area. The content of eleutheroside E in the root bark was determined by HPLC, and it was 0.1925% in Eleutherococcus senticosus, 0.1103% in E. chiisanensis, 0.0348% in E. koreanum and 0.0236% in E. sieboldianum. In seasonal change of eleutheroside E content, it was higher in autumn product than summer product in Eleutherococcus senticosus. It also was higher in root bark than stem bark in different part. To investigate eleutheroside E content of root bark among different collected local area in E. sen­ticosus, it was high order to Mt. Deokyu, Hokkaido and Mt. Seolak as a 0.1625%. 0.0493% and 0.027 %, respectively. The growth of Eleutherococcus senticosus was good at grown Unbong (altitude 10m), but eleu­theroside E content was high at grown Nogodan (altitude 1, 450m).

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 1997

Climatic change of the late-Quaternary period has been record-ed in the loess deposits of the central Great plains and the record of such change is extractable using a number of approaches and parameters. The stratigraphy of loess deposits which have been investigated on Fort Riley exhibits the same sequence of loess units and intercalated buried soils as is found elsewhere in the re-gion but adds detail unique to the reservation Upland late-Qua-ternary composite stratigraphy preserved on the reservation con-sists of the basal Sangamon soil of the Last interglacial(c. 120-110ka), Gilman Canyon Formation(c. >40 -20ka), Peoria loess(c. 20 -10ka) Brady soil(c. 11 -10ka) Bignell loess(c. 9-\ulcornerka). and mod-ern surface soil. Application of magnetic analyses has provided proxy data sets that represent a time series of climatically regulated pedogenesis/weathering and botanical composition. magetic data have yielded an impression of the variation in climate from Sangamon time to the late Holocene through a reconstruction of the history of pedogenesis/weathering. Sangamon soil formation dominated the reservation durin the Last interglacial as indicated by magnetic parameters. During Gil-man Canyon time loess influx was usually sufficiently slow as to permit pedogenesis which appears to have been at a maximum twice during that time. Warm season grasses were important dur-ing soil formation but diminished in importance during the peri-ods of more rapid loess fall which were cooler and perhaps wet-ter. Peoria loess fall a function of the deterioration of climate during the last Glacial Maximum thinly blanketed the reservation with thickest accumulations occurring to the north-west(Bala Cemetery site)proximal to the source region. Long-term surface stability did not apparently occur within Peoria time but short-term stability may be indicaed by the presence of thin weathering zones(incipient soils) in the Peoria loess. Re-gional landscape stability prevailed during the environmental shift at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition resulting in forma-tion of the well expressed Brady soil. One or more weak soils developed in the Bignell loess as it ac-cumulated. A notable feature of the Bignell loess is the appear-ance of the Altithermal dry period: the loess experienced little weathering and was dominated by warm season grasses until the latter of the Holocene.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.905-912
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• 2013

A novel species, Metschnikowia cibodasensis, is proposed to accommodate eight strains (ID03-$0093^T$, ID03-0094, ID03-0095, ID03-0096, ID03-0097, ID03-0098, ID03-0099, and ID03-0109) isolated from flowers of Saurauia pendula, Berberis nepalensis, and Brunfelsia americana in Cibodas Botanical Garden, West Java, Indonesia. The type strain of M. cibodasensis is ID03-$0093^T$ (= NBRC $101693^T$ =UICC $Y-335^T$ = BTCC-$Y25^T$). The common features of M. cibodasensis are a spherical to ellipsoidopedunculate shaped ascus, which contains one or two needle-shaped ascospores, and lyse at maturity. Asci generally develop directly from vegetative cells but sometimes from chlamydospores. The neighbor-joining tree based on the D1/D2 domain of nuclear large subunit (nLSU) ribosomal DNA sequences strongly supports that M. cibodasensis (eight strains) and its closest teleomorphic species, M. reukaufii, are different species by a 100% bootstrap value. The type strain of M. cibodasensis, ID03-$0093^T$, differed from M. reukaufii NBRC $1679^T$ by six nt (five substitutions and one deletion) in their D1/D2 region of nLSU rDNA, and by 18 nt (five deletions, four insertions, and nine substitutions) in their internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA, respectively. Four strains representative of M. cibodasensis (ID03-$0093^T$, ID03-0095, ID03-0096, and ID03-0099) showed a mol% G+C content of $44.05{\pm}0.25%$, whereas that of M. reukaufii NBRC $1679^T$ was 41.3%. The low value of DNA-DNA homology (5-16%) in four strains of M. cibodasensis and M. reukaufii NBRC $1679^T$ strongly supported that these strains represent a distinct species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.189.2-190
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• 2003

현재까지 미생물의 증식을 억제하는 보존제로는 인공합성품이 많이 알려져 이들이 주로 상업적으로 사용되고 있으나 그 안정성이 경우에 따라 문제되고 있으며 근래소비자의 건강 지향적 욕구가 증대됨에 따라 인공합성품의 기피현상이 두드러지고 있다. 따라서 이들 천연 항균물질의 개발과 이용은 인공 합성보존제의 대처라는 의미와 소비자기피현상을 유발시키지 않으면서 각종 가공식품의 저장성향상 및 저온 유통식품의 안정성확보라는 견지에서 그 중요성이 있다. 본 실험에서는 식품의 미생물 작용에 의한 변질의 저해 효과가 뛰어난 식물성천연항균제품(Botanical antimicrobial agents-Citrus product : 이하 BAAC라 칭함)에 천연보조제(Ginseng extract, Aloe, 매실추출물)를 첨가하여 Paper disk 법에 의한 항균성 검사를 실시한 결과 Ginseng extract를 첨가한 경우 생육저해환이 가장 크고 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 따라서 BAAC에 보조제(Ginseng extract)를 첨가하여 제조 된 천연 항균복합제재(이하 BAAG라 칭함)를 우유에는 각 농도별로 첨가하여 4$^{\circ}C$의 냉장상태와 2$0^{\circ}C$의 상온에서 저장하였고, 계란과 콩나물의 경우는 침지 처리한 후 꺼내어 상온에서 저장하면서 각각 주사전자현미경 관찰, 대장균수, 총균수의 변화, 외관상의 변화에 미치는 영향을 무처리 대조구와 비교하면서 조사하였다. 아울러, 계란의 경우는 조단백함량의 변화도 관찰하였다. 주사전자현미경 촬영사진의 결과 분석을 통하여 BAAG를 처리한 균체 세포는 세포막 및 세포벽 기능이 파괴되어 세포내용물이 균체외부로 유출되어 균체의 생육이 억제되며 성장을 저해 또는 사멸시키는 것으로 나타났다. 대장균수는 우유, 달걀 및 콩나물의 모든 처리구에서 BAAG의 첨가에 의해 성장이 억제되었으며 농도가 증가시킬수록 균증식 억제 효과가 뚜렷하였으며, 총균수도 압도적으로 낮은 간을 보여주었다. 달걀의 조단백함량의 변화는 BAAG를 처리하지 않은 무처리 대조구에 비하여 침지 처리한 경우가 조단백 변화가 크지 않았다. 즉, BAAG의 침지 처리한 경우, 저장기간 14일이 경과 한 후에 10%정도의 수준으로 감소한데 반하여, 무처리구인 대조구의 경우, 23%수준으로 감소 증도가 증가하였다. 외관상의 변화와 상품 가치를 측정한 결과는 달걀의 경우, 14일이 경과후에는 무처리 대조구에서 흰자위의 감소와 노른자위와의 경계가 뚜렷하지 못하여 상품으로서의 가치가 크게 떨어진 상태였다. 우유의 경우에는 4$^{\circ}C$와 2$0^{\circ}C$에 저장된 대조구에서는 각각 3일과 12일경과 후 강한 부패취와 아울러, 표피의 갈변정도가 심하되어 관능적으로 부패상태를 인지할 수 있었다. 콩나물의 경우도 저장3일 경과 후에 부패취와 함께 점질성 갈변물질이 생성되었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때, BAAG의 처리는 BAAC의 경우보다 가격은 저렴하면서도 항균력은 우수한 천연 항균복합제재로써 농산물 식품원료에 적용하여 선도유지 기간을 연장할 수 있는 효과를 기대할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.4
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• pp.459-465
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• 1997

In order to determine ecological niches of forests in Mt. UnJang, the studies were analyzed on the methods of TWINSPAN and DCCA ordination. The results are summarized as follows : Six communities determined by TWINSPAN : Fraxinus mandshurica, Cornus controversa, Acer mono, Carpinus tschonoskii, Carpinus tschonoskii - Quercus variabilis, and Quercus mongolica community. In the relations of major community and environmental factors, Fraxinus mandshurica, Cornus controversa, and Acer mono community were distributed valley or evenness in the rich of organic matter. Elevation was high comparatively. Carpinus tschonoskii and Carpinus tschonoskii - Quercus variabilis community were distributed in the low elevation, in rich of MgO and $CaCO_3$. Quercus mongolica community were distributed in the high elevation, in low of MgO, $CaCO_3$. The factors in influencing community distribution were elevation. The importance value in all the quadrats sampled, Quercus mongolica recorded the highest and the next values then came those Cornus controversa, Acer mono, Fraxinus mandshurica, Quercus variabilis, Carpinus tschonoskii, Acer pseudosieboldianum Lindera erythrocarpa, Styrax obassia and Lindera obtusiloba in the orders.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.210-224
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• 1996

The SLODSVAT consists of interrelated submodels that simulate : the transfer of radiation, water vapour, sensible heat, carbon dioxide and momentum in two canopy layers determined by environmental conditions and ecophysiological properties of the vegetation ; uptake and storage of water in the "root-stem-leaf" system of plants ; interception of rainfall by the canopy layers and infiltration and storage of rain water in the four soil layers. A comparison of the results of modeling experiments and field micro-climatic observations in a spruce forest(Picea abies [L].Karst) in the Soiling hills(Germany) shows, that the SLODSVAT can describe and simulate the short-term(diurnal) as well as the long-term(seasonal) variability of water vapour and sensible heat fluxes adequately to natural processes under different environmental conditions. It proves that it is possible to estimate and predict the transpiration and evapotranspiration rates for spruce forest ecosystems on the patch and landscape scales for one vegetation period, if certain meteorological, botanical and hydrological information for the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer, the canopy and the soil are available.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2012

While preparing a floristic study of Korean hepatics, we discovered the six unrecorded species of Lejeuneaceae from Mt. Seolak, Mt. Gaya, Geojedo, Wando and Gageodo. Archilejeunea kiushiana, Drepanolejeunea angustifolia, Lejeunea aquatica, Lejeunea otiana, Leucolejeunea japonica, and Spruceanthus semirepandus, are reported here. A. kiushiana was characterized by unlobed underleaves, homogeneous oil-bodies, and four to six perianth-keels. D. angustifolia is similar to D. ternatensis, but it differs in the dorsal margin of the leaf-lobe, which is entire or denticulate, spines never present, and leaf cells smooth or with minute dorsal bulging. L. aquatica is similar to L. japonica in that it has a wider and similar shape (wider than long) of its underleaves and has homogeneous oil-bodies. The former, however, has minute leaf-lobules (5-15 cells), 1/10 to 1/5 the length of the leaf-lobe, versus leaf-lobules 1/4 to 1/3 the length of the leaf-lobe. L. otiana is similar to L. kodamae in that it has a large and acute first tooth of the leaf-lobule but differs in having plain leaf-lobules obliquely quadrate and an indistinct second tooth. Drepanolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions (Mizutani, 1961). L. japonica is characterized by entire underleaves; one large, coarsely segmented oil-body per leaf cell; and a large second tooth of the leaf lobule, two to six cells long, and two to three cells wide at the base. S. semirepandus is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions in Asia. This species is characterized by small homogeneous and numerous oil-bodies, up to 10 smooth perianthkeels, and leaf-lobe acute at the apex.