• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2015

Feasibility tests for the hydraulic fracturing were conducted in order to secure additional saline groundwater for irrigating to the land-based aquaculture farm. Two boreholes were placed to the aquaculture farm A and B, respectively. A hydraulic fracturing using single packer was applied to major fracture zones within two boreholes. To identify effects of hydraulic fracturing on securing additional saline groundwater, some selective methods including well logging methods, pumping tests, and groundwater quality analysis were commonly applied to the boreholes before and after the hydraulic fracturing. Enlarging/creating fracture zones, increasing water contents in bedrock near boreholes, and increasing transmissivity were observed after the hydraulic fracturing. Even though the hydraulic fracturing could be an alternative to secure additional saline groundwater to the land-based aquaculture farm, salinity of the groundwater did not meet optimal thresholds for each fingerling in two farms: Fresh submarine groundwater discharge flowed the more into borehole of the farm A that resulted in decreasing a salinity value. Increased saline groundwater quantity in the borehole of the farm B rarely affect to the salinity. Although salinity problem of groundwater limited its direct use for the farms, the mixing with seawater could be effectively used for the fingerlings during the early stage. A horizontal radial collector well placed in the alluvial layer could be an alternative for the farms as well.

• 지질공학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.163-173
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• 1998

강원도 홍천군 서석면 일대에 발달하고 있는 풍암퇴적분지 내에 위치한 시험시추공 PABH1에서 실시된 시추결과에 대한 암상판정과 동 퇴적분지의 구성암에 대한 물성반응의 특성을 확인하기 위하여 코어관찰과 코어의 물성측정, 그리고 지구물리검층을 실시하고 그 결과를 종합분석하였다. 시추공의 64미터와 124미터 구간에 걸쳐 정밀 코어관찰을 실시하고 11개 암상군으로 분류하였다. 코어 관찰결과 구분된 11개 그룹의 코어시료에 대하여 비저항, 자연감마 및 밀도를 측정하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 지구물리검층 또한 비저항과 밀도, 자연감마곡선을 중점적으로 분석하여 암상판정을 시도하였다. 지구물리검층과 코어물성측정의 결 과에서 각 암상별로 특징적인 물성분포가 얻어졌으며 검층곡선만의 분석에 의해서도 암상의 구분이 충분히 가능할 수 있음을 보였다. 특히 이 지역에서의 조립질퇴적암과 세립질퇴적암, 그리고 퇴적기반인 화강편마암의 물성반응이 가장 현저하여 검층 해석에서 좋은 열쇄층의 역할을 할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.342-347
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• 1996

The changes of electromagnetic wave velocity in rock were monitored to investigate rock behaviors due to the drill & blasting excavations through georadar tomography during the construction of the underground rock laboratory (5 m wide, 6 m high, and 140 m long) at Mabuk-Ri, Goosung-Myun, Yongin-Si, Kyunggi-Do. Two horizontal boreholes spaced 1.4 m apart were drilled parallel to the test tunnel before excavating it, high-resolution crosshole georadar tomography with about 500 MHz electromagnetic waves was performed at pre-excavation phase (May, 1996) and post-excavation phase (August, 1996). The data were acquired with the combination of 34 sources and 44 receivers with space of 0.3 m. Only 11 continuous receivers were selectively utilized with one fixed source. Sampling interval was 0.4 ns and each trace has 512 samples. The first arrival of each trace was picked manually with a picking software. The total number of rays used in inversion amounted to 34x11 and the size of pixel was determined to be 0.3 m. As an inversion technique, SIRT(Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique) was applied in this study. The velocity of electromagnetic waves at post-excavation phase decreased as large as 15% in comparison with that at pre-excavation phase, which may be attributed to the creation of micro-cracks in rock due to excavations and saturation with groundwater. Small amount of borehole deviation made a critical effect in radar tomography. Totally different tomograms were created after borehole deviation corrections.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.101-124
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• 1997

The root pile system is insitu soil reinforcement technique that uses a series of reticulately installed micropiles. In terms of mechanical improvement by means of grouted reinform ming elements, the root pile system is similar to the soil nailing system. The main difference between root piles and soil nailing are due to the fact that the reinforcing bars in root piles are normally grouted under high pressure and that the alignments of the reinforcing members differ. Recently, the root pile system has been broadly used to stabilize slopes and retain excavations. The accurate design of the root pile system is, however, a very difficult tass owing to geometric variety and statical indetermination, and to the difficulty in the soilfiles interaction analysis. As a result, moat of the current design methods have been heavily dependent on the experiences and approximate approach. This paper proposes a quasi-three dimensional method of analysis for the root pile system applied to the stabilization of slopes. The proposed methods of analysis include i) a technique to estimate the change in borehole radium as a function of the grout pressure as well as a function of the time when the grout pressure is applied, ii) a technique to evaluate quasi -three dimensional limit-equilibrium stability for sliding, iii) a technique to predict the stability with respect to plastic deformation of the soil between adjacent root piles, and iv) a quasi -three dimensional finite element technique to compute stresses and dis placements of the root pile structure barred on the generalized plane strain condition and composite unit cell concept talon형 with considerations of the group effect and knot effect. By using the proposed technique to estimate the change in borehole radius as a function of the grout pressure as well as a function of the time, the estimations are made and compar ed with the Kleyner 8l Krizek's experimental test results. Also by using the proposed quasi-three dimensional analytical method, analyses have been performed with the aim of pointing out the effects of various factors on the interaction behaviors of the root pile system.

• 지질공학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.367-379
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 부산광역시 도심지역인 부산진구 양정동에서 동구 수정동까지의 주로 경부고속철도 터널 통과 예정지역 지반조사로부터 얻어진 시추공 자료, 지하수위 자료, 공내 유향 유속 자료 그리고 현장수리시험 분석 자료를 바탕으로 천부지층과 수리지질 특성의 관련성을 평가하였다. 지하수위(Y)와 지형고도(X)의 관계식은 Y=0.75X-7.00 이며, 상관계수는 0.75로서 비교적 높은 편이다. 매립층, 충적층, 풍화대의 두께와 지하수위의 상관성을 살펴본 결과, 풍화대의 두께(A)의 자연로그값과 지하수위(Y)의 상관성이 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며, 그 회귀식은 Y=exp(9.974A)-14.155과 같다. 지하수 유향 유속 결과, 지하수 유향은 대체적으로 남쪽-남서쪽으로 향하고 있으며, 이는 지역적인 지하수위 분포와 대체로 일치한다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2006

토목이나 환경분야에 적용되는 시추공을 이용한 P파와 S파 속도검층 수행 시 여러 고려해야 할 사항이 있다. 토양이나 풍화암 등 연약층에 설치한 케이싱이 탄성파 측정에 미치는 영향, 사용되는 주파수에 따라 측정되는 탄성파 속도의 변화 등이 그것이다. 또한 속도검층으로부터 구한 탄성계수는 동적특성을 반영한다. 이러한 과제를 극복하기 위해서는 탄성파시험이 설정된 시추공에서는 가급적 케이싱을 설치하지 않고 공벽을 유지하는 시추 기술을 개발, 적용하도록 하고, 속도검층의 목적에 맞는 주파수 대역의 시험법을 적용하도록 해야 하겠다. 또한 내진설계자들이 속도검층에서 구한 동탄성계수와 실내역학시험에서 구한 정탄성계수와의 차이점을 인식하고 적절히 사용할 수 있도록 조언하는 것도 필요하다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.237-244
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• 2002

Televiewer is a logging tool capable of scanning the borehole wall. The tool uses a rotating acoustic beam generator that acts as both a transmitter and receiver. The beams are sent toward the wall. The amplitude of a returning signal from the wall has nearly a linear relationship with the reflection coefficient R of the borehole wall, when the wall is smooth. As R depends only on rock impedance for fixed water impedance, the amplitude is directly associated with mass density and seismic velocity of rock. Meanwhile, the amplitude can be further reduced by wall roughness that may be caused by drilling procedures, differences in rock hardness, because the rough surface can easily scatter the acoustic energy and sometimes the hole becomes elongated in all directions according to the degree of weathering. In this sense, the amplitude is related to the hardness of rocks. For convenience of analysis, the measured amplitude image(2-D data(azimuth ${\times}$ depth)) is converted, with an appropriate algorithm, to the 1-D data(depth), where the amplitude image values along a predetermined fracture signature(sinusoid) are summed up and averaged. The resulting values are subsequently scaled simply by a scalar factor that is possibly consistent with a known strength. This scaled Televiewer reflectivity is named, as a matter of convenience,“Televiewer rock strength”. This paper shows, based on abundant representative case studies from about 8 years of Televiewer surveys, that Televiewer rock strength might be regarded, on a continuous basis with depth, as a quitely robust indicator of rock classification and in most cases as an approximate uniaxial strength that is comparable to the rebound value from Schmidt hammer test.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제27권spc호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2022

When subsurface is polluted, contaminants tend to migrate through groundwater flow path. The groundwater flow path is highly dependent upon underground geological structures in the contaminated area. Geophysical survey is an useful tool to identify subsurface geological structure. In addition, geophysical logging in a borehole precisely provides detailed information about geological characteristics in vicinity of the borehole, including fractures, lithology, and groundwater level. In this work, surface seismic refraction and electrical resistivity surveys were conducted in a test site located in Namyangju city, South Korea, along with well logging tests in five boreholes installed in the site. Geophysical data and well logging data were collected and processed to construct an 3D geological map in the site.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2005

The Performance of U-tube ground heat exchanger for geothermal heat Pump systems depends on the thermal properties of the soil, as well as grout or backfill materials in the borehole. In-situ tests provide a means of estimating some of these properties. In this study, in-situ thermal response tests were completed on two vertical boreholes, 130 m deep with 62 mm diameter high density polyethylene U-tubes. The tests were conducted by adding a monitored amount of heat to water over a $17\~18$ hour period for each vertical boreholes. By monitoring the water temperatures entering and exiting the loop and heat load, overall thermal conductivity values of grout/soil formation were determined. Two parameter estimation models for evaluation of thermal response test data were compared when applied on the same temperature response data. One model is based on line-source theory and the other is a numerical one-dimensional finite difference model. The average thermal conductivity deviation between measured data and these models is of the magnitude $1\%$ to $5\%$.

• 지질공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.171-186
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• 2013

본 연구는 대전지역 기존 지하수중 우라늄 및 라돈-222와 같은 자연방사성 물질의 농도가 높은 것으로 알려진 한 지점을 선정하여 121 m 심도의 연구용 시추공을 확보하여 심도별 지하수내 우라늄 및 라돈-222의 산출특성 밝히고, 시추코어를 이용하여 우라늄의 기원에 대한 지화학적 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 더블패커를 이용하여 시추공내 심도별로 6개 지하수 시료를 채취하여 화학성분 분석, 우라늄과 라돈-222의 함량을 분석하였다. 분석결과 지하수의 pH는 중성내지는 알카리성이며, 화학성분상 $Ca-HCO_3(SO_4+Cl)$ 유형에 속한다. 그리고 우라늄과 라돈-222의 농도는 각각 169~1,020 ppb와 $9,190{\pm}96{\sim}32,800{\pm}180$ pCi/L를 보여 심도별 뚜렷한 농도차이를 보이며, 모두 미국 EPA 권고치를 초과하였다. 지하수내 우라늄은 지하 45~50m 심도에서 가장 높은 함량을 보인다. 이 구간 지하수는 약알카리성의 산환환경이며 높은 $HCO_3$의 함량으로 우라늄 용존에 유리한 환경으로 보인다. 지하수내 우라늄의 형태는 우라닐탄산염화합물{$(UO_2CO_3)^0$ 혹은 $(UO_2HCO_3)^+$}이 우세한 것으로 보인다. 라돈-222 함량은 심도가 깊어질수록 증가하는 경향을 보인다. 시추코어에 의한 지질주상도특성을 보면 모암은 복운모화강암이며 페그마타이트가 수 곳에서 확인되었고, 중성질 암맥이 100 m 내외에서 확인되었다. 암석내 우라늄과 토륨의 함량은 0.372~47.4 ppm과 0.388~11.2 ppm의 범위를 보여 기존 국내에서 보고된 함량보다 높은 값을 보인다. 암석현미경 관찰 및 전자현미분석결과 방사성원소를 함유하는 광물로는 장석과 흑운모내 포획된 모자나이트, 인회석, 녹염석 광물로 확인되었으며, 광물내 주요성분을 치환하여 주로 존재한다.