• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2001

The success of complete denture prosthesis is to satisfy three basic requirements for the edentulous patient : maximum comfort, efficiency, and esthetic appearance. This can be achieved only if the dentures are both stable and retentive. When the residual alveolar ridge has resorbed significantly, stability and retention are more dependent on the correct position of the teeth and external surfaces of the denture. The stability and retention of the denture can be improved by locating the denture in the neutral zone and reproducing exact mandibular border movement for balanced occlusion. The neutral zone philosophy is based upon the concept that there exists a specific area where the musculature function will not unseat the denture in the mouth. In here, forces generated by the tongue are neutralized by the forces generated by the lips and cheeks. One of the simplest methods for recording border movements in three dimensions is to make stereographic record of condylar movement. Stereographs are made in the mouth during mandibular movement with intraoral clutches and central bearing point, and used in dictating the condylar movement on the articulator later by generating the condylar paths in doughy acrylic resin. Its procedure is simpler and more convenient than that of Pantograph. In this clinical report, we introduce the concept of neutral zone and stereograph in complete denture fabrication.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.7-17
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• 1996

This study was performed to determine the postitional relationships of two lobes of parenchyma and to analysis the anatomical feature and its variations of duct on the panoramic views of the normal parotid glands in adults. Materials included 66 panoramic views and anterioposterior views of sialograms of selected persons and the radiograms of the gland experimentally reproduced on dry skull with lead foil and the reference images of computed tomograms of normal persons. Results were as follows : 1. On panoramic view of sialogram, the superficial lobe was revealed with totally being superimposed with the mandibular ramus and condyle and its tail portion superimposed with mandibular angle area, the deep lobe was revealed between the posterior border of the ramus and the mastoid process, and the isthmus was begin from the marked furcation off main duct and superimposed partially with the medial part of the deep lobe. 2, The mean length and the lateral extension of parenchyma was 63.18±8.05mm and 21.78±4.87mm respectively on panoramic view and showed no statistical relationship between them. 3. The main duct was generally perpendicular to the posterior border of ramus at middle portion and its configurations revealed 57,58％ of curvilinear type, 21.21％ sigmoid type, 15.15％ reverse sigmoid type. 4, The interlobular ducts of the deep lobe showed relatively well defined features between the mandibular ramus and the mastoid process.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.219-229
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• 2018

Purpose: This research proposes an optimization model for effective evacuation routing and scheduling of civilians near the border area when full-scale war threats heighten. Method: To reflect the reality, administrative unit network is created using Kruscal's Algorithm, Harmony Search, CCRP based on the geographical features, population, and traffic data of real cities, and then, optimal civilian evacuation routes are found. Results: Optimal evacuation routes and schedules are computed by repetitive experiments, and it is found that the scenario that minimizes the average civilian evacuation time is effective for the civilian evacuation plan. Conclusion: By using the civilian evacuation plan this research proposes, at the time of establishing the actual civilian evacuation plan, quantitative analysis is used for the effective plan making rather than only depending.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.169-170
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• 2003

The existence of coastal terraces, HH(High higher) surfaces found at Gampo of southeast coast and at Jeongdongjin of the central east coast were confirmed at Jigyeong-Ri, the areal border between Gyeongju- and Ulsan city on the southeast coast of Korea Peninsula. Especially this study reports HH JK-surface located on the 155m a.s.l., which is the highest altitude among the ancient shorelines of the coastal terraces in Korea. The HH surfaces on the study area are classified into HH JK at 155m, HH-I at 140m and HH-II at 115m, and each formation stage is related to MIS 17(720∼690ka BP), MIS 15(630∼560ka BP) and MIS 13(510∼480ka BP) respectively. The HH-surfaces remain to be larger than those of H- and L-surfaces. The reason is caused by the unique factors of the coastal geology and morphology on the study area during the formation stage. And also the areal difference by the magnitude of upheaval doesn't exist from north to south because the altitude system of ancient shoreline on each coastal terrace is same along the east coast. The upheaval rate of the eastern coastal areas was measured in the relation to the ancient shoreline and formation stage among the coastal terraces such as HH JK-, HH-I, HH-II, H-III and H-IY surface, and was almost same as 0.23mm/y.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.475-479
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• 2008

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the arterial arcade of maxillary sinus by determining the distance between the alveolar crest and the inferior border of the vessels in Korean population. Materials and methods: 76 patients and 87 available sinuses were determined by CT scan (Implagraphy, Vatech, Seoul, Korea). The distance between alveolar crest and inferior border of the vessel was determined considering the tooth area of posterior maxilla. Results: The lowest distance was observed on first molar area and the average distance is 16.9 mm. Discussions: it is important in sinus lift surgery that the vessels not to be damaged and that the anastomosis is situated in the lateral wall of maxillary sinus, which has to be exposed to gain access to the maxillary sinus. The knowledge of arterial arcade of maxillary sinus is important to perform the sinus floor elevation procedure effectively.

• Strategy21
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• s.36
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• pp.215-240
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• 2015

Jeong YagYong, who are the SilHak Scholar during 18^th to 19^th century, wrote the Sadaegore with his pupil Lee Cheong. This work is the guide of diplomacy, which are asked to write from King Jeongjo. Although this book was completed after King Jeongjo's death, it harbors the King's thoughts about diplomacy or the relationship with China. Haebanggo, one chapter of the book, is about marine policy and how to treat the castaways. In this chapter, Jeong YagYong provides various ways to deal with these problems in marine area and sea refugee I will examine the Jeong YagYong's thought about the problems and ways to address these problems. Futhermore, I will inquire Jeong's opinion on the boundary in marine area. He recognized that many border transgressions happened in marine area at that time and considered that as urgent political affairs. Haebanggo consists of two parts. First part of the book is about protect own island from other countries. The rest part is about cases of dealing with castaways and their transgression. I argue that Jeong YagYong intended to make distinct borderlines in marine area and empathized the necessity of protecting Joseon's islands from other countries.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_2
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• pp.501-518
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• 1998

Mt. Paektu(2,749.6m)m the biggest mountain in Northeast Asia, located on the border line of Korea and China is characterized as an aspite with broad gentle mountain area and rich biota. however, it seems that the study of forest vegetational feature or vegetation zones in the whole area of this mountain is not yet sufficient in spite of contribution by many investigators. in this paper thermal climatic approach was carried out for the determination of vegetation zones of the mountain with the meteorological data of four stations including Cheonjj and various vegetational data. the application of Warmth Index and/or coldness Index(Kira 1977) for the determination of forest vegetation boundary was useful also here, and their boundaries largely coincided with those of thermal indicies obtained in the Korean Peninsula(Yim and Kira, 1975), including the lapse rate of air temperature along increasing elevation. However, in the mountain the boundary of vegetation zones in not clear like those of mountains in Korea. It may be due so the topographic differences between this area and the Korean Peninsula. Besides, the broad ecotones between different vegetations in this area support the vegetation continum concept rather than the unit concept, and the limit of timber line or tree line reflects various hypothesis(Steven and fox 1991). Therefore, for the explantion of vegetation zone of this area should be considered topography or soil condition, for example, as known the hierachy of ecological units (zonobiomes, orobiomes and pedobiomes, Walter, 1973).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.68-75
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to define the spatial scope and landscape structure of the capital city of Shilla Dynasty. We have tried to analyze the locational characteristics, the location and landscape form of the Yonggang-Dong pond site which was assumed a part of a king's place, and had the important implicitness in delineating the spatial scope of capital city of Shilla Dynasty. The research took the theory of landscape cognition as a tool, and processed with the book review related simultaneously. The results of study are as follows; 1) It has been almost conformed that the Yonggang-Dong Pond Site was a part of the North Palace of Shilla Dynasty, and it took the form of fully enclosed by the forest, such as the names of Imjungsu and Gosungsu, and so on. This fact has leaded to the special landscape form of 'Forest with Palace' that is an similar pattern of Forest with Tumulus, Forest having Well, Forest having Well, Forest having Mountain. Each of them is symbolizing the place of holiness in the Shilla Dynasty. 2) The Yonggang-Dong Pond site and its surrounding forests made them together be the north border of the Capital City of Shilla Dynasty. This fact made it possible to consider the form of landscape of the Najung Forest with Posugjung Pavilion as the same on which was on the southern border of the city. 3) The above mentioned facts lead to clues that the border of the capital city of Shilla Dynasty does mean that it was not the mere functional one, but symbolic one. Thus, this paper suggests that the spatial scope of the capital city of Shilla Dynasty should include not only the area of block system, but also the surrounding natural area of mountains, forests, and so on, including the artificial elements of palace and pavilion. 4) This type of borders with the natural elements show basically the different type and function. We could find out some examples from China's and Japan under the same block systems and in the same era. It should be more identifiable in the form and the meaning of landscape of the capital city of Silla Dynasty in ancient Korea.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the recently developed multi-detector computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography in pre-operative implant evaluation, by comparing them with the single detector computed tomography, already confirmed for accuracy in this area. Materials and Methods: Five partially edentulous dry human mandibles, with $1{\times}1mm$ gutta percha cones, placed in 5mm intervals posterior to the mental foramen on each side of the buccal part of the mandible, were used in this study. They were scanned as follows: 1) Single detector computed tomography: slice thickness 1mm, 200mA, 120kV 2) Multi-detector computed tomography: slice thickness 0.75mm, 250mA, 120kV 3) Cone beam computed tomography: 15mAs, 120kV Axial images acquired from three computed tomographies were transferred to personal computer, and then reformatted cross-sectional images were generated using V-Implant $2.0^{(R)}$ (CyberMed Inc., Seoul, Korea) software. Among the cross-sectional images of the gutta perch a cone, placed in the buccal body of the mandible, the most precise cross section was selected as the measuring point and the distance from the most superior border of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest was measured and analyzed 10 times by a dentist. Results: There were no significant intraobserver differences in the distance from the most superior border of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest (p>0.05). There were no significant differences among single detector computed tomography, multi-detector computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography in the distance from the most superior border of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest (p>0.05). Conclusion: Multi-detector computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography are clinically useful in the evaluation of pre-operative site for mandibular dental implants, with consideration for radiation exposure dose and scanning time.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.270-286
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• 2023

This article is about the conservation and use cases of Horogoru, a Goguryeo site located in Wondang-ri, Jangnam-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun in Gyoenggi Province. After Horogoru was excavated, it was decided to build a park around it as a way to prevent damage, and also to plant sunflowers to symbolize the sun. Naming the park 'Tong-il Balagi Park', which refers to the wish for unification, local residents and other related organizations jointly opened the site. Afterwards, they looked for ways to utilize the location and park, and chose to hold the 'Tong-il Balagi Festival'. The festival is an event held under the leadership of local residents, which has the effect of promoting both conservation and cultural property, as well as generating economic benefits. In other words, the Yeoncheon-gun, Jangnam-myeon Tong-il Balagi Festival can be said to be an exemplary example of successfully overcoming various disadvantages associated with the border area near the ceasefire line through local residents' own utilization of cultural property.