• 대한가정학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1987

Non-durable flame retardant finish, borax/boric acid mixed solution, was applied to cotton fabric with pad-dry method. The LOI(limited oxygen index) was measured as the measare of the flame retardant effect. The TGA was investigated to know the thermal behavior of the samples. In addition, the solubility of the solutions was investigated. The results were as follows: 1) There was a synergism of flame retardant effect in the borax/boric acid mixed solution treatment and the maximum synergism was shown around the ratio of 7 : 3 2) After the borax/boric acid solution treatment, the degradation temperature was lowered and degraded at the larger temp range with slower rate. The residual char length also increased. 3) The solubility of borax/boric acid become higher when the ratio of borax/boric acid became similar. Compositions from 80/20 to 40/60 borax/boric acid mixtures were solubilized well in room temperatuare or warmwater therefor there was no problem for home use.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.61-71
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• 1971

이시험은 추락답에 대한 소석회 및 붕사의 시용효과를 알고자 pot시험(pot당 소석회를 0, 5, 10, 15g, 붕사를 0, 0.75, 1.5g를 처리) 및 포장시험(10a 당 소석회 0, 100, 200kg, 붕사를 0, 10, 30, 50kg를 처리)을 실시한바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) pot 시험: $\circled1$ 붕사를 다량시용 한구에 있어서는 생육초기에 하엽에 Chlorosis가 나타났으나, 이앙 25일 경 이후부터 점점 없어져 갔다. 그리고 출수 이후 성숙기가 가까워 짐에 따라 상위엽 선단의 양선이 암갈색으로 착색되고 엽선단의 양선이 말리며 고사되었다. 이와함께 조립의 선단부도 암갈색으로 착색되었다. $\circled2$ 소석회는 분얼을 촉진시켜 수수를 증대시켰으며, 붕사는 억제시키는 경향을 나타냈다. $\circled3$ 붕사는 벼의 출수를 매우 촉진시켜, 소석회의 시용량에 관계없이 표준구보다 $B_1$구는 3일, $B_2$구는 5일 빨랐다. $\circled4$간장은 붕사의 시용으로 짧아졌으나, 수장은 오히려 길어졌으며, 소석회의 단독효과는 인정되지 않았다. $\circled5$ 수당조립수는 소석회의 시용으로 증가되는 듯하나 다량의 소석회 및 붕사는 호히려 립수를 감소시켰다. 등숙율에 있어서도 같은 경향을 보였다. $\circled6$ 현미 1,000립중은 붕사의 시용량의 증가로 증대되었으며 립수의 크기가 약간 커지는 경향을 보였다. $\circled7$ 정조 및 고중은 조립수 및 등숙율에서와 같은 경향을 보였으며 특히 붕사를 다량 시용한 구는 감수의 경향을 보였다. (2) 포장시험: $\circled1$ 붕사를 다량 시용한 구에 있어서는 생육초기에 Chlorosis가 나타났으며 출수이후 성숙기가 가까워 짐에 따라 상위엽의 선단이 암갈색으로 착색되었다가 고사되었다. $\circled2$소석회는 생육을 촉진시켜 수수를 증대시켰으며, 붕사는 분얼을 억제시키는 경향을 보였다. $\circled3$ 소사는 출수를 촉진시켜, 붕사 다량 시용구는 출수가 4, 5일 빨라졌다. $\circled4$붕사는 간장을 억제시켰다. $\circled5$ 소량의 붕사는 등숙을 향상시켰으며 다량의 경우에는 저해시키는 경향을 보였다. $\circled6$ 정조 및 현미수량은 소석회 및 붕사의 단독효과만이 인정되었으며 다량의 붕사는 감수를 초래하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2010

The properties of paper are very susceptible to moisture content originated from relative humidity. This propensity of PVA impregnated paper was investigated in this study. Especially the hardening effect of borax treatment after PVA impregnation on the response of paper sample to the relative humidity was evaluated. When the moisture content was increased with the relative humidity, tensile stretch and tear resistance were increased while tensile strength and stiffness were decreased. A great increase in folding endurance of PVA impregnated paper sample was found at the higher relative humidity. The borax treatment could reduce the response of PVA impregated paper to the relative humidity.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2023

This research aimed to evaluate the durability of Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) wood treated with boron preservatives, citric acid (CA), and heating against termites. Wood samples were impregnated firstly with 5% boron solutions, such as boric acid, borax and boric acid + borax combination at 1:1 (w/w). The second impregnation used 5% CA. The impregnations were conducted in a pressure tank at 7 kg/cm² for 4 hours. After impregnation, the samples were heat treated at 80℃ or 160℃. All the treated and control samples were exposed to decay fungi, drywood termites and subterranean termites based on SNI 7207:2014 standard. The results showed that boron preservatives reduced fungal attacks on Samama wood. The combination treatment of boric acid, CA and heat treatment at 160℃ was also effective to increase the resistance of Samama wood against white- and brown rot fungi, and drywood termites. Heat treatment consistently improved the resistance of Samama wood from decay fungi.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.59-69
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• 1993

Bending fracture strength test and impact strength test were made for VC coated die steels treated by immersing in molten borax bath and for hardened steels which were quenched and tempered, in order to clarify the effect of VC coating at $1000^{\circ}C$. The material used in this investigation was representative cold and hot work die steels STD11, STD61. The results obtained are as follows. 1) The bending fracture strength of VC coated die steel (STD11, STD61) was lessened with increasing the thickness of the VC coated layer. 2) With increasing the immersing time (imcreasing the thickness of the VC coated layer) the maximum hardness was obtained at 480 minutes holding, after that holding time hardness was decreased. 3) The impact strength of the VC coated die steel was not decreased. In the casse of STD11, it was higher than that of the quenched condition especially at low tempering temperature, and vice versa at high tempering temperature. However in the case of STD61 shows the result to the contrary.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2000

A study on adhesion and wear resistance of VC(vanadium carbide) coating on die steels, STD11 and STD61, has been carried out. The VC coating on the die steels was made by immersing them in molten borax bath, a kind of TRD(thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion). Adhesion strength and wear resistance were investigated using scratch test, indentation test and plate-disc test(Ogoshi type) respectively. The influence of sliding distance on the amount of wear has been determined and dominant wear mechanisms has been characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and EDS spectroscopy. The critical adhesion strength($L_c$) between VC coating layer and substrate(STD11) was increased to 60N($L_c$) in the scratch test. In the case of STD61, the strength increased to 24N. The wear resistance of VC coated die steels was excellent because the diffusion layer formed just below the coating layer. The dominant wear mechanism was identified as adhesive wear for VC coating die steels which were worn by combination of cracking and plucking of VC fragments and disc.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1985

상묘의 활착불량 원인을 구명하여 건전묘 생산을 위한 자료로 쓰기 위해 최근 3년동안 계속 발아가 불량한 묘목을 생산하였던 충북 옥천군 이원면에 소재한 논토양 상묘포지에 질소 과다 시용, 석회시용구, 붕사시용구, 잠시비료 1호시용구, 과도적엽구, 중간벌corn, 방임구 등 8처리와 생산자 상묘 등 모두 9개구에 대한 활착율 및 상묘 중의 화학 성분을 분석 조사한 결과 다음과 같았다. 1. 상묘의 활착율이 98% 이상을 보인구는 석회중화구와 잠시비료 1호구이었으며, 질소 과다 시용구는 59%로낮았으며, 과도 적엽구는 71%에 불과하였다. 2. 가지 표피와 뿌리 표피의 화학성분을 분석한 결과 활착율과 관계가 깊은 부위는 뿌리보다는 가지였으며, 성분 중 B, Cu, 그리고 Zn의 함량과 관계가 깊은 경향을 보였다. 3. 가지 표피 중의 질소함량은 질소과다 시용구에서 가장 높은 0.89%를 보였고, 통상 0.6∼0.7%이나, 과도적엽구와 중간벌채구에서는 0.5%정도로 낮았다. 4. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 활착불량 상묘의 발생원인을 묘포지의 토양 이화학성의 불량, 질소 과다 시용, 과도적엽 등이었으며, 활착율을 높히기 위해서는 이화학성이 좋은 포장을 묘포지로 선정해야 하며, 질소 과다 시용과 과도적엽 지양, 석회 또는 잠시비료 1호를 시용하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-21
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• 1981

미송(美松) 및 포푸라 내수합판(耐水合板)을 내장용내화제(內裝用耐火劑)로 가압처리한 다음 저온(低溫), 중온(中溫) 및 고온건조상태(高溫乾燥狀態)에서 재건조(再乾燥)를 실시(實施)하였다. 붕사(硼砂)-붕산(硼酸), 크롬화(化) 염화아연, 미나리스, 파이레소오트 및 일종(一種)의 상업용(商業用) 내화제(耐火劑)로 내화처리(耐火處理)를 실시(實施)하였다. 건조방법(乾燥方法)은 키른건조(乾燥)와 열판건조(熱板乾燥)를 적용(適用)하였으며 건조속도(乾燥速度)와 건조결함(乾燥缺陷)에 관하여 검토(檢討)하였다. 붕사(硼砂)-붕산(硼酸)은 수분처리합판(水分處理合板)과 유사(類似)한 건조속도(乾燥速度)를 나타내었으나 기타(其他)의 내화제(耐火劑)는 일층(一層) 늦은 건조속도(乾燥速度)를 나타내었고 더 많은 건조결함(乾燥缺陷)을 일으키는 경향(傾向)이 있었다. 특(特)히 크롬화(化) 염화아연은 가장 건조속도(乾燥速度)가 느렸으며 가장 많은 건조결함(乾燥缺陷)을 일으키는 경향(傾向)이 있었다. 열판건조(熱板乾燥)는 키른 건조(乾燥)와 비교(比較)하여 같은 온도수준(溫度水準)에서 삼배(三倍)나 더 빨리 건조(乾燥)하였으나 열판압력을 50 $1b/in^2$(3.52$kg/cm^2$)를 적용(適用)하였기 때문에 두께 수축율(收縮率)은 이배(二倍)를 나타내었다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.475-486
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• 2008

In this study, fire-retardant chemicals were melt with mixed composition ratios of dibasic ammonium phosphate and each half of boric acid and borax in hot water, in which hammer-milled chips were immersed to increase swelling of waste particleboards. Also, fire-retardant treated particles from sawn lumber chip and recycled particleboard chip were composed in ratio of 70:30 in core layer to improve boards' properties. Retention ratio of fire-retardant chemicals for the particles for face layer was high due to high specific surface area, and that of sawn lumber chips was somewhat higher than that of recycled particleboard chips. The mixture of particles from sawn lumber chips and recycled PB of 70:30 in weight ratio exceeded bending strength of 100 $kgf/cm^2$. It seemed that the relatively greater portions of dibasic ammonium phosphate affected adversely to dimensional stability, however fire-retardants treatment resulted in distinct effect lowering formaldehyde emission such as $E_0$ type(0.5mg/$\ell$ or less) in KS F 3104. In fire-retardancy, the recycled boards with a mixed ratio of dibasic ammonium phosphate to boric acid borax(50:50 mixture) of 70% to 30% in weight satisfied fire-retardancy 3rd grade in KS F 2271, and also this composition from cone calorimeter test met same standard grade figuring total heat release of 4.6MJ/$m^2$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.315-325
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• 2020

Boron compound had many advantages as wood preservative, but it was prone to leaching. Improving boron preservation was required to extend the service life of fast growing and low durability red jabon (Antochephalus macrophyllus) hardwood. This study aimed to evaluate the dimensional stability, color change and durability of modified red jabon wood by double impregnation with boron and methyl methacrylate (MMA) and heat treatment. Impregnation I used boric acid or borax, and impregnation II used MMA, while heat treatment used temperatures of 90 ℃ or 180 ℃ for 4 hours. The dimensional stability, leachability, water absorption, color change and decay resistance of modified red jabon wood were tested. The results showed that MMA impregnation increased the dimensional stability of red jabon wood, while the leaching and water absorption in the wood significantly reduced. Heating at 180 ℃ caused less water absorption and higher dimensional stability of the wood than that of heating at 90 ℃. Impregnation with boric acid and MMA followed by heating at 90 ℃ resulted in the highest wood ASE, 89.9%. The color change (∆E^*) of wood increased significantly after MMA impregnation and heating at 180 ℃. Boric acid impregnation caused more resistant wood than borax impregnation against decay fungi and termites. Impregnation with boric acid and MMA followed with heating at 180 ℃ increased significantly the wood resistance against decay fungi and termites.