• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.14
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• 2023

Microglia, similar to peripheral macrophages, are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia exist in the resting state in the healthy CNS, but can be activated and polarized into either M1 or M2 subtypes for immune defense and the maintenance of CNS homeostasis by multiple stimuli. Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) mediate human inflammatory diseases and neuropathologies by regulating their target genes. However, the function of common lncRNAs that contribute to microglial activation remains unclear. Thus, we used bioinformatic approaches to identify common lncRNAs involved in microglial activation in vitro. Our study identified several lncRNAs as common regulators of microglial activation. We identified 283 common mRNAs and 53 common lncRNAs during mouse M1 microglial activation processes, whereas 26 common mRNAs and five common lncRNAs were identified during mouse M2 microglial activation processes. A total of 648 common mRNAs and 274 common lncRNAs were identified during the activation of human M1 microglia. In addition, we identified 1,920 common co-expressed pairs in mouse M1 activation processes and 25 common co-expressed pairs in mouse M2 activation processes. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of common lncRNA expression profiles in microglial activation processes in vitro. The list of common lncRNAs identified in this study provides novel evidence and clues regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying microglial activation.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권6D호
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• pp.599-604
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• 2010

본 연구는 거리에 따른 유류비를 고려하여 시간가치를 산정하고, SP 조사를 통해 경로선택 시 통행시간, 통행요금과 함께 거리에 대한 유류비를 반영함이 타당한지 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 수준 차이를 고려한 SP 조사설계기법을 이용하여 SP 자료를 구축하여 분석하였으며, 통행시간, 통행요금 및 유류비에 대한 가치를 추정하기 위한 모형식을 구축하였다. 모형추정 결과, 경로선택 시 통행요금과 함께 유류비 역시 운전자의 경로선택에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 경로선택에 있어 통행요금이 유류비에 비해 더 큰 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 통행요금이 현금지불경비(out-of-pocket expenses)인 반면 유류비 지출은 주기적이라는 특성 때문에 유류비가 통행요금에 비해 덜 민감하게 나타난 것으로 보인다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.36.1-36.15
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a single-file reciprocating system (WaveOne Gold, WOG) and a multi-file rotary system (ProTaper Universal Retreatment, PTUR) in removing canal filling from severely curved canals and to evaluate the possible adjunctive effects of XP-Endo Finisher (XPF), the Self-Adjusting File (SAF), and an erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser using microcomputed tomography (µCT). Materials and Methods: Sixty-six curved mandibular molars were divided into 2 groups based on the retreatment technique and then into 3 based on the supplementary method. The residual filling volumes and root canals were evaluated with µCT before and after retreatment, and after the supplementary steps. The data were statistically analyzed with the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, analysis of covariance, and factorial analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results: PTUR and WOG showed no significant difference in removing filling materials (p > 0.05). The supplementary techniques were significantly more effective than reciprocating or rotary systems only (p < 0.01). The supplementary steps showed no significant differences in canal filling removal effectiveness (p > 0.05), but XPF showed less dentin reduction than the SAF and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The supplementary methods significantly decreased the volume of residual filling materials. XPF caused minimal changes in root canal volume and might be preferred for retreatment in curved root canals. Supplementary approaches after retreatment procedures may improve root canal cleanliness.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.192-203
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• 2023

Digital therapeutics based on software, such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, games, and smartphone applications, are in the spotlight as new therapeutic alternatives in child and adolescent psychiatry. It draws attention to overcoming conventional therapeutics' limitations, such as toxicity, cost, and accessibility, and encourages patients to participate in the treatment attractively. The growth potential of the digital therapeutics market for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Korea and abroad has been highlighted. Clinical studies and Food and Drug Administration approvals for digital therapeutics have increased, and cases approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety have emerged in Korea. As seen above, digital transformation in child and adolescent psychiatry will change treatment paradigms significantly. Therefore, as this new field has just begun to emerge, it is necessary to verify the effectiveness and scope of the application of digital therapeutics and consider preparing a compensation system and institutional arrangements. Accordingly, this study analyzed the development trends and application status of digital therapeutics in children and adolescents and presented limitations and development directions from the perspective of application in healthcare. Further, the study is expected to identify the utility and limitations of digital therapeutics for children and adolescents and establish effective application measures.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2023

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with adolescent obesity, as well as any new factors that correlated with a change in the rate of obesity over time. Methods: The study used 5-yearly data collected by the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey starting from the year 2006 up until 2021 (data from 2nd, 7th, 11th, and 17th surveys were analyzed). Factors such as demographics, dietary factors, health behavioral factors, and mental health factors were studied. All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 27.0, employing chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: This study included data from a total of 255,200 participants. Factors contributing to obesity varied with time. Over the survey duration of 15 years, low academic achievement, parents with low levels of education, low frequency of fruit consumption, low frequency of fast food intake, long periods of being seated, and high levels of stress were significantly associated with a high rate of obesity. Factors that showed a new correlation with an increase in obesity rates included living with single parents, low frequency of muscle strengthening exercises, and experiencing intense sadness and despair in the past year. Factors that were correlated with a change in obesity rates over time included household economic status, frequency of carbonated beverage consumption, frequency of intense physical activity, and frequency of alcohol consumption. Breakfast intake and smoking were not significantly associated with obesity rates in the 15-year period. Conclusions: While several factors associated with obesity remained consistent over time, several new factors have emerged in response to social, economic, and environmental changes contributed to a change in obesity rate over time. Therefore, to prevent and manage adolescent obesity, continuous research into the new emergent factors contributing to obesity is needed.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.442-455
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• 2023

This study investigated the effects of pectinase treatment and skin contact time on the quality characteristics of Dae-hong peach wine. Wine was produced with variations in enzyme treatment and skin contact time (1 hour, 2 hours, 1 day, 2 days, and until the completion of fermentation). Enzyme treatment increased the production yield by 6%, as well as ethanol and redness levels, compared to the non-treated control. Volatile components were higher when the skin contact time was 2 hours or 1 day. Results were compared according to enzyme treatment and skin contact time and found to be influenced by methanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol. Enzyme treatment effectively enhanced yields and volatile compound contents. However, skin contact should be concluded a day before 1 day to ensure compliance with methanol legislative requirements. Therefore, our findings show that enzymatic treatment with shorter skin contact time preserves the distinctive characteristics of Dae-hong peaches and ensures the production of safe and flavorful wine.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.31-58
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• 2020

본 연구는 사회통제이론적 틀을 적용하여 조직구성원의 정보보안정책 준수에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 도출하고, 군 조직구성원의 정보보안 관련 태도와 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 탐색한 것이다. 육군장교 195명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 윤리성향(도덕성, 책임감, 윤리교육의 가치)과 업무환경(상사와의 관계, 업무과다, 임금만족)이 보안정책준수태도 및 의도와 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 PLS 구조방정식 모형으로 검증하였다. 연구 결과 윤리성향 요인은 보안정책준수태도에, 업무환경요인(임금만족 제외)은 이직의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 보안정책준수태도는 윤리성향과 보안정책준수의도를, 상사와의 관계와 보안정책준수의도를, 이직의도와 보안정책준수의도를 유의하게 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 윤리성향이 개인의 보안의식수준을 예측할 수 있는 변인이고, 보안정책준수태도가 조직 보안 맥락에서 주요한 변인임을 시사한다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2024

This study conducts numerical modeling and eigen-analysis of a rod-fastened rotor, which is mainly used in aircraft gas turbine engines in which multiple disks are in contact through curvic coupling. Nayak's theory is adopted to calculate surface parameters measured from the tooth profile of the curvic coupling gear. Surface parameters are important design parameters for predicting the stiffness between contact surfaces. Based on the calculated surface parameters, elastoplastic contact analysis is performed according to the interference between two surfaces based on the Greenwood-Williamson model. The equivalent bending stiffness is predicted based on the shape and elastoplastic contact stiffness of the curvic coupling. An equation of motion of the rod-fastened rotor, including the bending stiffness of the curvic coupling, is developed. Methods for applying the bending stiffness of a curvic coupling to the equation of motion and for modeling the equation of motion of a rotor that includes both inner and outer rotors are introduced. Rotordynamic analysis is performed through one-dimensional finite element analysis, and each element is modeled based on Timoshenko beam theory. Changes in bending stiffness and the resultant critical speed change in accordance with the rod fastening force are predicted, and the corresponding mode shapes are analyzed.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.96-110
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• 2024

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are green energy conversion devices, for which commercial markets have been established, owing to their application in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). Development of cathode electrocatalysts, replacing commercial Pt/C, plays a crucial role in factors such as cost reduction, high performance, and durability in FCVs. PtNi octahedral catalysts are promising for oxygen reduction reactions owing to their significantly higher mass activity (10-15 times) than that of Pt/C; however, their application in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) is challenged by their low stability. To overcome this durability issue, various approaches, such as third-metal doping, composition control, halide treatment, formation of a Pt layer, annealing treatment, and size control, have been explored and have shown promising improvements in stability in rotating disk electrode (RDE) testing. In this review, we aimed to compare the features of each strategy in terms of enhancing stability by introducing a stability improvement factor for a direct and reasonable comparison. The limitations of each strategy for enhancing stability of PtNi octahedral are also described. This review can serve as a valuable guide for the development of strategies to enhance the durability of octahedral PtNi.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2016

기미는 몇몇의 병인학적 요인을 갖고 있지만, 많은 연구가 멜라닌 형성에 집중되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 멜라닌 형성과 구별되는 혈관의 감소에 의한 기미의 개선을 보고자 하였다. 피부과 전문의의 육안평가를 통해 기미와 일광 흑자를 가진 한국 여성 20명을 대상으로 실험을 진행하였다. 연구 대상자는 8주 간 기능성 화장품을 사용하였다. Chromameter 기기로 측정한 연구 대상자의 기미 병변, 일광 흑자 병변 및 정상 피부 부위에서의 각 피부색 측정 결과를 분석하였다. 시료 사용 8주 경과 후, 기미 병변 부위의 피부색 밝기와 적색도가 정상 피부 부위에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 개선되었다. 또한, 기미 병변 및 일광 흑자 병변 부위의 피부색 밝기의 개선 정도는 유사하였다. 그러나, 시료 사용 8주 경과 후 기미 병변 부위의 적색도가 일광 흑자 병변 부위에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 개선되었다. 본 연구에서는 기능성 제품을 사용함으로써 기미 병변 부위에서 피부색 밝기 뿐만 아니라 적색도 또한 개선됨을 확인하였다. 이에 적색도가 기미 병변 부위의 평가를 위한 부가적이고 적합한 요인이 될 수 있음을 제시하고자 한다.