• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.599-603
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• 2008

Calcifying odontogenic cyst(COC) is comparatively rare in occurrence. COC represents about 1% of jaw cysts, and although it may occur in soft tissue, it is most commonly found within bone. Both the intraosseous and extraosseous forms occur with about equal frequency in the maxilla and mandible, mainly in the incisor and canine areas The most notable features of this pathologic entity are histopathological and include a cyst lining demonstrating characteristic "ghost" epithelial cells with a propensity to calcify and the occasional association of this finding with certain odontogenic tumors including the odontoma and the ameloblastoma. In this case, COC was associated with anterior wall of the maxillary sinus which appeared in the anterior maxilla of 64-year-old woman, was reported. We report that the clinical experience of COC with review of literatures.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2019

Purpose: This study reviewed the common conditions associated with displacement of inferior alveolar nerve canal. Materials and Methods: General search engines and specialized databases including Google Scholar, Pub Med, Pub Med Central, Science Direct, and Scopus were used to find relevant studies by using keywords such as "mandibular canal", "alveolar canal", "inferior alveolar nerve canal", "inferior dental canal", "inferior mandibular canal" and "displacement". Results: About 120 articles were found, of which approximately 70 were broadly relevant to the topic. We ultimately included 37 articles that were closely related to the topic of interest. When the data were compiled, the following 8 lesions were found to have a relationship with displacement of mandibular canal: radicular/residual cysts, dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, ameloblastoma, central giant cell granuloma, fibrous dysplasis, and cementossifying fibroma. Conclusion: When clinicians encounter a lesion associated with displaced mandibular canal, they should first consider these entities in the differential diagnosis. This review would help dentists make more accurate diagnoses and develop better treatment plans according to patients' radiographs.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2021

The use of a fibula osteocutaneous flap is currently the mainstay of segmental mandibular reconstruction. This type of flap is used to treat tumors, trauma, or osteoradionecrosis of the mandible. However, a fibula osteocutaneous flap may also be a good option for reconstructing the mandible to preserve oropharyngeal function and facial appearance in cases of pathological fracture requiring extensive segmental bone resection. Chronic osteomyelitis is one of the various causes of subsequent pathologic mandibular fractures; however, it is rare, and there have been few reports using free flaps in osteomyelitis of the mandible. We share our experience with a 76-year-old patient who presented with a pathologic fracture following osteomyelitis of the mandible that was reconstructed using a fibula osteocutaneous flap after wide segmental resection.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.203-208
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• 2021

Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOC) is a rare malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of ghost cells. It is considered to originate from either a calcifying odontogenic cyst(COC) or a dentinogenic ghost cell tumor(DGCT). Its clinical and radiographic characteristics are non-specific, including slow growth, locally aggressive behavior, and eventual metastasis. This case report describes a 43-year-old Thai man with plain radiographs and cone-beam computed tomographic images revealing a unilocular radiolucency with non-corticated borders surrounding an impacted left canine associated with radiopaque foci around the cusp tip. Based on the microscopic findings, the lesion was diagnosed as GCOC. Partial maxillectomy of the right maxilla was performed, and radiotherapy was administered. An obturator was made to support masticatory functions Three years later, the lesion showed complete bone remodeling and no signs of recurrence, and long-term follow-up was done regularly.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.360-364
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• 2023

A 7-year-old castrated male Yorkshire Terrier presented for a palpable mass of the right neck with ophthalmic signs of conjunctival hyperemia and anisocoria with fixed mydriatic pupil of the right eye. Clinical examination findings included the absence of direct and consensual pupillary light reflexes, external and internal ophthalmoplegia, and corneal hypoesthesia with incomplete blinking of the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed a mass extending from the right cavernous sinus to the orbital fissure with neighboring bone lysis. Cytological examination of fine-needle aspiration samples of the mass revealed a neuroendocrine tumor. The owner declined further diagnosis and did not wish to care for the dog receiving chemotherapy. This study describes the importance of investigating neuro-ophthalmic findings, which might provide clues for the localization of lesions, including tumors, to aid in diagnosis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2024

An 8-year-old, spayed female Persian cat weighing 3.6 kg presented with a lumbosacral mass and bilateral weight bearing hindlimb lameness. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a dumbbell-shaped heterogeneous mass extending through the internal surface of the ileum and surrounding the lumbosacral junction. CT also revealed extensive osteoproliferation and bone lysis of the sacrum, but no evidence of any pulmonary metastasis. Furthermore, MRI revealed a focal area in the spinal cord showing connection with the adjacent tumor, suggesting tumor invasion into the spinal cord. Low-grade myxoid chondrosarcoma was histopathologically diagnosed. This is the first report describing CT and MRI findings of spinal cord chondrosarcoma in veterinary medicine. This study suggests that combining CT with MRI is a more sensitive tool for evaluating spinal tumors than using CT or MRI alone.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.21.1-21.22
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• 2021

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have strong immunosuppressive activity and are morphologically similar to conventional monocytes and granulocytes. The development and classification of these cells have, however, been controversial. The activation network of MDSCs is relatively complex, and their mechanism of action is poorly understood, creating an avenue for further research. In recent years, MDSCs have been found to play an important role in immune regulation and in effectively inhibiting the activity of effector lymphocytes. Under certain conditions, particularly in the case of tissue damage or inflammation, MDSCs play a leading role in the immune response of the central nervous system. In cancer, however, this can lead to tumor immune evasion and the development of related diseases. Under cancerous conditions, tumors often alter bone marrow formation, thus affecting progenitor cell differentiation, and ultimately, MDSC accumulation. MDSCs are important contributors to tumor progression and play a key role in promoting tumor growth and metastasis, and even reduce the efficacy of immunotherapy. Currently, a number of studies have demonstrated that MDSCs play a key regulatory role in many clinical diseases. In light of these studies, this review discusses the origin of MDSCs, the mechanisms underlying their activation, their role in a variety of clinical diseases, and their function in immune response regulation.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2009

Purpose: Glomus tumors are rare benign vascular tumors, usually located in the skin or soft tissue of extremities. Approximately 30-50% of glomus tumors occur in subungal area, but glomus tumors have been described in every location even where glomus bodies are not or rarely present. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical, histologic and MRI characteristics of soft tissue glomus tumor. Materials and Methods: Between 1993 and 2008, eight patients underwent surgery of soft tissue Glomus tumor at our institution. Exclusion criteria were patients with Glomus tumors in digits, stomach, trachea and glomus tympanicum. We analyzed medical records, interviews, physical examinations, MR findings and histolocial types retrospectively. Results: There were four men and four women. The mean age was fourty-seven years. The mean prevalence time was eight-point-nine years. In the classic triad of symptoms, all eight patients had pain and tenderness. Two patients complained of cold sensitivity. Two showed skin color changes. After surgery, two showed symptom improvement (VAS $9^{\circ}{\rightarrow}8$, $8^{\circ}{\rightarrow}5$) and?six showed complete disappearance of symptoms. Slightly symptom improvemented (VAS $9^{\circ}{\rightarrow}8$) one had additional surgery two times after first surgery due to relapse/remaining Glomus tumor. The mean size was 13.9 mm. In histology, six were 'solid glomus tumor', one was a mixture of 'solid glomus tumor' and 'lomangioma' and one was 'malignant glomus tumor'. MR findings showed isointense signal on T1 image, high signal on T2 image and strong enhancement on the Gadolinium enhanced image. Conclusion: Glomus tumor has low recurrence rate and malignant change, rapid diagnosis and surgical excision is critical in treatment to prevent unnecessary pain of patient.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2004

Purpose: To determine the utility of sonographically guided percutaneous core needle biopsy to diagnose musculoskeletal soft tissue masses. Methods: A prospective study was performed in 55 patients referred for image-guided needle biopsy of primary or recurrent soft tissue masses and bone lesion or suspected solitary metastasis with extraosseous masses. Tissue samples were obtained with a 14-gauge or 18-gauge cutting needle coupled to an automated biopsy device under local anesthesia and sonographic guidance. Statistical analysis was based on 49 biopsies confirmed by successful clinical treatment (11 cases) or surgical resection (38 cases). Results: An accurate diagnosis was obtained in 47 (97%) of 49 biopsies; sensitivity was 95%, and specificity was 100%. The method did not yield sufficient tissue to establish a diagnosis in 6 cases. Considering all 55 biopsies, high-quality specimens were obtained in 87%. There were no serious complications. Conclusions: Sonographically guided core needle biopsy is accurate and safe, in soft tissue masses and bone tumors with extraosseous masses in the appendicular skeleton. In such patients, the sonographically guided procedure is the most prompt and effective method for obtaining tissue samples.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 2013

Renal osteodystrophy(RO) is characterized by skeletal changes in patients with renal disease and developed as a result of alterations in the metabolism of calcium, phosphate and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Bony changes in the craniofacial region include decreased bone density, radiolucent lesions(brown tumors), depletion of cortical bone and loss of lamina dura, but such changes rarely occur in the temporomandibular joint(TMJ). We report an uncommon case of bony changes and pain of both TMJs in a patient with RO. A 41-year-old man with RO came to our clinic due to TMJ pain and sounds. Occlusal change was also reported. Radiographs revealed degenerative changes of the both condyles. The patient had medical history of renal cancer therapy and hemodialysis. The patient was diagnosed with TMJ arthritis of RO and referred for systemic management through medication of calcium and vitamin D and parathyroidectomy. At 15-month follow-up, most of TMD symptoms disappeared and second radiographs revealed that bone density and cortical thickness of the mandible increased and the skeletal outline of the both condyles became relatively clear. As bony changes may begin in the early stage of the renal disease, dentists should be alert to detect the sign of the disease. In addition, it is important to differentiate TMJ arthritis of systemic cause because the treatment protocol is quite different.