• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2000

Treatment of oral cancers with chemotherapeutic agents are evaluated as an effective method for remission to reduce cancer proliferation nowadays. But, minimization of side-effects such as bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal toxicity and renal damage is another problem to be solved. Thus, a possible approach to develop a clinically applicable chemotherapeutic agents is to screen anticancer activity among traditional medicinal plants which have been used for thousands of years with very low side-effects in orient. In this study we focused on screening anti-oral cancer activities among 14 traditional medicinal plant extracts that revealed anticancer activities on other solid tumors. The results were as follow : 1. Methanol extract of Lepidium apetalum showed the highest anti-oral cancer activity against A253 cells. At concentration of $4{\mu}g/ml$, the cell viability was 48% under our experimental condition. $IC_{50}$ value obtained was $4{\mu}g/ml$. 2. Methanol extract of Coptis japonica and Solanum nigrum were effective on KB cells. Cell viability observed were 62% and 67% at concentration of $4{\mu}g/ml$, and $IC_{50}$ values were $12{\mu}g/ml$ and $10{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. 3. When the methanol extract of Lonicera caerule was combined with $2{\mu}g/ml$ of cisplatin, the anticancer activity was synergistically increased. One hundred ${\mu}g/ml$ of Lonicera caerule showed 92%(alone) or 59%(combined with cisplatin) cell viabilities. $IC_{50}$ value of Lonicera caerule extract against KB cells was reduced from $301{\mu}g/ml$ to $126{\mu}g/ml$ when combined with $2{\mu}g/ml$ of cisplatin. 4. Medicinal plant extracts effective on both A253 and KB cells were Coptis japonica, Lepidium apetalum, Solanum nigrum, Caesalpiniae Lignum, Curcuma aromatica.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2002

In the literatual study of anti-tumor effects of chunghwangsan for leukemia, the results were as follows. 1. Chunghwangsan is composed of Indigo naturalis and Realgar. The composing rate is 9 : 1 and it is made into capsule or piece. The basic administration is 0.3g per day and could increase the quantity each day. 2. The effects of Chunghwangsan is expelling toxin and colling, colling blood to detumescence, drying wetness and anticancer are. So it can be used to treat AML, CML and lymphoma. 3. The anticancer component of Indigo naturalis is indirubin which has the effects of suppression the transplanted tumor, activating the phagocyte of macrophage, promoting the maturation of myeloblast to improve cure rate of CML. The anticancer component of Realgar is $As_2O_3$ which has the direct cellular toxicity for leukemia cell. 4. In viewpoints of oriental medicine, leukemia is malignant myeloid neoplasia in which pathogen invade to shaoyin(少陰). So Chunghwangsan which is expelling toxin and colling, colling blood to detumescence, drying wetness and anticancer is effective to leukemia. 5. In clinical reports, Chunghwangsan is often used in CML, and also used in AML, lymphoma and so on. 6. Chunghwangsan is cool-natured, so we must carefully pay attention to pregnant women and hematsdthenic patients. The main side effects are nausea, bone marrow pain, diarrhea, polydefecation, hematokezia and purpora. We sometimes take invigorating stomach medicine to prevent the side effects. 7. If we continuously develop Chunghwangsan and therapy for leukemia with syndrome differentiation. we can improve the response and cure rate for leukemia in the future.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2019

Background: High doses of methotrexate (MTX) are often used in various chemotherapy protocols to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in children, but its delayed elimination increases the occurrence of adverse events, such as bone marrow suppression. The aim of this study was to investigate the elimination of MTX at 24 and 48 hours. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records of ALL or NHL pediatric patients who received $5g/m^2$ MTX infusion over 24 hours (between June, 2012 and July, 2018) at the Yonsei University Health System, Korea. The delayed elimination of MTX concentrations was assessed with 100 or $150{\mu}M$ MTX at 24 hours, and 2 or $5{\mu}M$ at 48 hours. Results: Among the 85 MTX cycles administered, 23 cycles were classified in delayed elimination group, and 62 cycles showed normal elimination. At 24 hours, the delayed elimination group with MTX concentration > $100{\mu}M$ showed higher percentage than group with MTX concentration < $100{\mu}M$ (45.8% vs. 19.7%, p = 0.015). However, no differences were observed at $150{\mu}M$ MTX (p = 0.66). At 48 hours, the delayed elimination was higher than the normal elimination at both concentration baselines (p < 0.001 at $2{\mu}M$, p = 0.024 at $5{\mu}M$). Conclusions: MTX concentrations greater than $100{\mu}M$ show high probability of delayed elimination at 24 hours. When MTX levels are above normal, leucovorin and hydration regimens should be continued to prevent delayed elimination.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2023

Resistance to hypomethylating agents (HMAs) in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a concerning problem. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a key cell cycle modulator and is known to be associated with an activation of the PI3K pathway, which is related to the stabilization of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), a target of HMAs. We investigated the effects of volasertib on HMA-resistant cell lines (MOLM/AZA-1 and MOLM/DEC-5) derived from MOLM-13, and bone marrow (BM) samples obtained from patients with MDS (BM blasts >5%) or AML evolved from MDS (MDS/AML). Volasertib effectively inhibited the proliferation of HMA-resistant cells with suppression of DNMTs and PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK pathways. Volasertib also showed significant inhibitory effects against primary BM cells from patients with MDS or MDS/AML, and the effects of volasertib inversely correlated with DNMT3B expression. The DNMT3B-overexpressed AML cells showed primary resistance to volasertib treatment. Our data suggest that volasertib has a potential role in overcoming HMA resistance in patients with MDS and MDS/AML by suppressing the expression of DNMT3 enzymes and PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK pathways. We also found that DNMT3B overexpression might be associated with resistance to volasertib.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.429-437
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• 2023

In veterinary medicine, most radiographic images are obtained by restraining patients, inevitably exposing the restrainer to secondary scattered radiation. Radiation exposure can result in stochastic reactions such as cancer and genetic effects, as well as deterministic reactions such as skin burns, cataracts, and bone marrow suppression. Radiation-shielding equipment, including aprons, thyroid shields, eyewear, and gloves, can reduce radiation exposure. However, the risk of radiation exposure to the upper arms, face, and back remains, and lead aprons and thyroid shields are heavy, restricting movement. We designed a new radiation-shielding system and compared its shielding ability with those of conventional radiation-shielding systems. We hypothesized that the new shielding system would have a wider radiation-shielding range and similar shielding ability. The radiation exposure dose differed significantly between the conventional and new shielding systems in the forehead, chin, and bilateral upper arm areas (p < 0.001). When both systems were used together, the radiation-shielding ability was better than when only one system was used at all anatomical locations (p < 0.01). This study suggests that the new radiation-shielding system is essential and convenient for veterinary radiation workers because it is a step closer to radiation safety in veterinary radiography.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1008-1013
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• 2011

Osteoporosis is the leading underlying cause of fractures, particularly in postmenopausal women, due to the loss of estrogen-mediated suppression of bone resorption. More than 50% of adults 50 years of age or older are estimated to have osteoporosis. Osteoclast which is main target for treatment of osteoporosis is originated from hematopoietic cell line. Aloe has been widely used in worldwide country as a coadjuvant medicine. Extracts of the leaves of Aloe have been used in condition to improve dermatologic problem such as seborrheic dermatitis, aphthous stomatitis, xerosis, lichen planus and has been known to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor effects. However, despite the popularity of aloe as a plant food supplements, the evaluation of its efficacy as a possible therapeutic option for osteoporosis remains scarce. Thus, we evaluated the effect of Aloe on receptor activator of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. Here we found that Aloe significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by RANKL. Aloe suppressed the activation of p38 pathway and $NF{\kappa}B$ in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) treated with RANKL. Also, Aloe significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1 and cathepsin K in BMMs treated with RANKL. Particularly, Aloe greatly inhibited the protein expression of c-fos and NFATc1. Taken together, our results suggested that Aloe may be useful tool for treatment of osteoporosis by inhibition of osteoclast differentiation.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.110-122
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• 2013

목적: 발목관절 VISTA 자기공명영상을 이용하여 지방억제를 한 것과 하지 않은 VISTA 사이에서 정량평가를 하며, 발목 인대의 traceability 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: SNR의 비교를 위해 팬텀과 한명의 자원자에서 자기공명영상을 촬영하였다. CR (contrast ratio)과 인대 traceability 비교를 위해 발목 관절의 외상 과거력이 없는 10명의 자원자에서 자기공명영상을 촬영하였다. 모든 자기공명영상은 VISTA를 이용하였고 3T에서 촬영하였다. 지방억제는 SPAIR (Spectral Attenuated Inversion Recovery) 기법을 이용하였다. SNR은 피검자가 있을 때와 피검자 없이 촬영한 것으로 구하였다. CR은 열개의 오른쪽 발목관절의 관절액-힘줄, 관절액-연골, 관절액-인대, 지방-힘줄, 지방-연골, 지방-인대의 신호강도를 얻어 구하였다. 두 명의 근골격계 영상의학과 의사가 지방억제를 한 것과 하지 않은 영상을 calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)을 포함한 7개의 발목관절 인대에 대해서 점수를 매겼다 (1, not traceable; 2, barely traceable; 3, adequately traceable; 4, excellently traceable). VISTA 와 VISTA SPAIR 사이에 CR을 비교하는 데는 Wilcoxon signed-rank test를 이용하였다. VISTA 와 VISTA SPAIR사이에 인대 traceability를 비교하는 데에는 Fisher's exact test와 Pearson's chi-squared test를 이용하였다. 결과: 정량평가의 SNR을 보면 지방억제를 하지 않은 영상에 비해 지방억제를 한 자원자의 골수에서 더 낮은 수치를 나타내었다. (7.65 versus [vs.] 36.64). 관절액, 연골, 근육에서는 두 연쇄간에 SNR의 차이가 없었다. 지방억제 VISTA는 관절액-인대 사이 CR만 더 나은 결과를 보여주었지만 (p=0.04) VISTA는 지방-힘줄, 지방-연골, 지방-인대 간에서 모두 더 나은 CR값을 나타내었다(P=0.005). CFL 인대만 통계학적으로 의미 있는 값을 보였는데 지방억제를 하지 않은 VISTA 영상에서 traceability의 값이 더 우세 하였다(p <0.05). 결론: 지방 억제를 한 VISTA와 하지 않은 VISTA에서 유의한 SNR 차이는 골수를 제외하고 없었다. 지방억제를 하지 않은 VISTA에서 CFL을 trace하는데 있어서 더 유리하였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1995

목적: 자궁경부암의 치료에 있어 방사선 단독치료와 비교하여 방사선 및 화학요법 병행치료가 치료에 대한 반응, 생존율, 재발양상, 원격전이 및 부작용의 빈도 등에 영향를 주는가를 보고자 하였다. 방법: 경북대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 1985년 11월부터 1991년 12월까지 자궁경부암으로 근치적 방사선치료를 받은 135명의 환자를 대상으로 치료에 대한 반응, 생존율, 재발양상, 원격전이 및 부작용의 빈도에 대하여 후향적 분석을 하였다. 방사선 단독으로 치료한 환자는 56명이었고, cisplatin을 포함한 화학요법을 병행한 환자는 79명이었다. 대상 환자들의 추적조사기간은 5개월에서 105개월이었다(중간값: 47개월). FIGO 병기별 분류에 의하면, IB가 18명$(13.3\%),$ IIA가 7명 $(5.2\%),$ IIB가 97명 $(71.9\%),$ IIIB가 9명 $(6.7\%)E이었다. 결과: 방사선 단독치료군 중 51예 $(91.1\%),$ 병행치료군 중 68예 $(86.1\%)$에서 완전관해가 관찰되었다. 전체 환자의 5년생존율은 $73.3\%$였고, 병기별 5년생존율은 IB가 $88.9\%,$ IIA가 $85.7\%,$ IIB가 $73.8\%,$ IIIB가 $37.5\%$였다. 치료방법에 따른 5년생존율은 방사선 단독치료군에서 $81.9\%$였고, 병행치료군에서 $67.0\%$였다(p=0.22). 5년무병생존율은 방사선 단독치료군에서 $70.4\%$였고, 병행치료군에서 $68.5\%$였다 (p=0.85). 5년국소제어율은 방사선 단독치료군에서 $76.1\%$였고, 병행치료군에서 $73.8\%$였다(p=0.70). 5년원격제어율은 방사선 단독치료군에서 $83.9\%$였고, 병행치료군에서 $90.3\%$였다(p=0.59). 치료에 따른 골수억제는 방사선 단독치료군에서 3예 $(5.4\%),$ 병행치료관에서 14예 $(17.7\%)$가 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 내과적 치료로 호전되었던 방광염이 방사선 단독치료군에서 14예, 병행치료군에서 10예 관찰되었다. 내과적 치료로 호전되었던 직장염이 방사선 단독치료군에서 2예, 병행치료군에서 4예 관찰되었고, 외과적 치료를 요했던 직장천공이 병행치료군에서 1예 관찰되었다. 보존적 치료로 해결되었던 장폐쇄의 부작용은 방사선 단독치료군에서만 2예 관찰되었다. 양 군간의 방광염, 직장염, 소장폐쇄의 빈도에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 방사선 단독치료군과 비교할 때 cisplatin을 포함한 화학요법의 병행은 치료에 대한 반응, 생존율, 재발양상, 원격전이에 영향을 미치지 않았고, 병행치료군에서 골수억제의 빈도가 더 높게 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4791-4795
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to observe the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed based chemotherapy in treating patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancers as first-line, second-line or third-line therapy. Materials and Methods: From May 2011 to January 2015, we recruited 29 patients with advanced breast cancer, 19 patients with advanced ovary cancer, 17 patients with advanced esophageal cancer,5 patients with advanced gallbladder cancer,5 patients with advanced cervical cancer and 1 patient with advanced tongue cancer in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Institute.All of them were pathologically confirmed and treated with pemetrexed based chemotherapy. After two cycles of treatment,efficacy and safety can be evaluated. Results: For pemetrexed based regimens,including 76 patients with 6 kinds of advanced cancer were considered eligible for inclusion. Complete remission represents CR, partial remission represents PR, stable disease represents SD, progressive disease represents PD. Among 29 patients with advanced breast cancer, 4 patients chose pemetrexed based regimens as second-line treatment,1 of them was PR,the other 3 got SD. The last 25 patients made use of this chemotherapy as third-line treatment, except one patient could not be assessed, 2 of them got PR,6 of them got SD,the remaining 16 of them finally were PD.19 patients with advanced ovary cancer,5 patients used this regimens as second-line treatment, 3 of them got PD,the remaining patients got SD, respectively. The last 14 patients made use of pemetrexed based regimens as third-line treatment,. RR (CR+PR) was 28.5%. Among 17 patients with advanced esophageal cancer, 2 patients made use of pemetrexed based regimens as first-line treatment,both of them got PR.4 of them used this chemotherapy as second-line regimen, except 2 patients could not be assessed,the remaining 2 was PD at last. The last 11 patients was third-line users, RR (CR+PR) was 18.2%. Among 5 patients with advanced gallbladder cancer, pemetrexed based regimens was used in 1 patient as first-line treatment and 1 patient as second-line treatment. The curative effect was SD and PD, respectively. 3 patients accepted pemetrexed based regimens as third-line treatment, 2 of them got PD as results and another was SD. Among 5 patients with advanced cervical cancer, just 1 patient adopted pemetrexed based regimens as first-line treatment, whose curative effect was PR.2 patients chose this chemotherapy regimens as second-line treatment. Both of them got PD as their consequence. The last 2 patients made use of the regimens as third-line treatment, the effect of them was PD and SD, respectively. The one who with advanced tongue cancer, pemetrexed based regimens was used as second-line treatment, and the consequence was PD. About 71.1% patients experienced bone marrow suppression. Among them, 5 patients reached 4 grade. Other toxicity of pemetrexed were neurotoxicity, fatigue, diarrhea, dysphagia and vomiting. No treatment related death occurred with pemetrexed-based treatment. Conclusions: Pemetrexed based chemotherapy has considerable effect in patients with advanced cancers such as breast cancer,esophageal cancer and ovary cancer. More randomly clinical trials are needed to verify the results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1699-1702
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• 2014

Objective: To evaluate clinical efficacy of a dose escalating schedule of paclitaxel concurrent with radiotherapy in treating patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung (NSCLC). Methods: Patients with locally advanced NSCLC were treated with conventional fractionated radiotherapy or three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3 DCRT), concurrently with a dose escalating schedule of paclitaxel. All patients were divided into three groups, A with paclitaxel $30mg/m^2$, B with paclitaxel $60mg/m^2$ and C with paclitaxel $90mg/m^2$. Paclitaxel was repeated every week for a total of 4 or 6 weeks. Results: Among 109 patients, response rates were 68.8%, 71.1% and 71.8% (p>0.05) for group A (n=32), B (n=38), and C (n=39) respectively. Accordingly, disease control rates were 81.3%, 81.6% and 82.1% (p>0.05). Progression-free survival time was $8.0{\pm}5.0$ months, $11.6{\pm}6.1$ months, and $14.8{\pm}7.9$ months (p<0.05), respectively. Overall survival time was $15.4{\pm}7.6$ months, $18.2{\pm}8.0$ months, and $22.0{\pm}7.6$ months (p<0.05), one-year survival rates were 62.5%, 73.1% and 90.0% (p>0.05) and two-year survival rates were 31.3%, 38.5% and 50.0% (p<0.05). Main side-effects were bone marrow suppression, radiation related esophagitis and gastrointestinal reaction. Conclusion: In treating patients with NSCLC, concurrent chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel improves early response compared with conventional fractionated radiotherapy or 3 DCRT. The survival rate was improved with the addition of paclitaxel, but there was an increase in adverse reactions when the dose of paclitaxel was increased.