• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2013

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a serious hematologic disease characterized by hypocellular bone marrow and deficient production of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets. Serious complications such as uncontrolled bleeding and bacteremia can occur. A case of severe AA are presented with dental considerations. A 4-year-old boy had been referred from Seoul National University Hospital for dental examination before the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Treatments were planned under general anesthesia, due to the poor compliance. Following medical consult, dental treatments were performed after platelet transfusion and antibiotic prophylaxis. Postoperatively, neither significant bleeding nor complictation was observed. On the time of the treatment planning. the anesthesiologist and dentist should perform a complete hematological assessment. It is imperative not only platelet counts but also other leukocyte counts are under safe boundaries. It is mandatory to follow strict aseptic precautios for all anesthetic and surgical maneuvers. In severe thrombocytopenic patients, platelet transfusion should be considered. Also, it is recommended to establish a good oral hygiene.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2016

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that sample their environment and present antigens to naïve T lymphocytes for the subsequent antigen-specific immune responses. DCs exist in a range of distinct subpopulations including plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and classical DCs (cDCs), with the latter consisting of the cDC1 and cDC2 lineages. Although the roles of DC-specific transcription factors across the DC subsets have become understood, the posttranscriptional mechanisms that regulate DC development are yet to be elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are pivotal posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression in a myriad of biological processes, but their contribution to the immune system is just beginning to surface. In this study, our in-house probe collection was screened to identify miRNAs possibly involved in DC development and function by targeting the transcripts of relevant mouse transcription factors. Examination of DC subsets from the culture of mouse bone marrow with Flt3 ligand identified high expression of miR-124 which was able to target the transcript of TCF4, a transcription factor critical for the development and homeostasis of pDCs. Further expression profiling of mouse DC subsets isolated from in vitro culture as well as via ex vivo purification demonstrated that miR-124 was outstandingly expressed in CD24⁺ cDC1 cells compared to in pDCs and CD172α⁺ cDC2 cells. These results imply that miR-124 is likely involved in the processes of DC subset development by posttranscriptional regulation of a transcription factor(s).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.192-204
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• 2024

Objective: Cisplatin (CP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, but its severe side effects impact testicular function. We investigated the potential protective effects of bilberry extract against CP-induced testicular toxicity. Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. Control animals received a single oral dose of 0.9% saline. Bilberry-treated rats received oral bilberry extract (200 mg/kg body weight [BW] dissolved in 1 mL of saline) daily for 10 consecutive days. CP-treated animals were administered a single intraperitoneal dose (7.5 mg/kg BW). Finally, a bilberry+CP group received oral bilberry extract (200 mg/kg BW) daily for 10 consecutive days, with one intraperitoneal dose of CP (7.5 mg/kg BW) on day 2. We assessed sperm count, motility, viability, and abnormalities, along with testis weight, testis weight-to-BW ratio, antioxidant activity, levels of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA] and hydrogen peroxide [H₂O₂]), sex hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH], and testosterone), and apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers, and DNA damage. Testicular tissue underwent histopathological examination. Results: Among CP-treated rats, significantly lower values were observed for testis weight; testis weight-to-BW ratio; levels of FSH, LH, testosterone, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione, and B-cell lymphoma 2; and sperm count, motility, and proportion of normal sperm. CP administration was associated with higher MDA, H₂O₂, p53, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 9, and caspase 3 levels, along with elevated tail moment. However, bilberry extract administration significantly improved all altered parameters. Conclusion: Bilberry treatment demonstrated protective effects and reduced CP-induced testicular toxicity via antioxidant activity and cytoprotection.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.33-50
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the ashed tooth powder is utilized as an alternative material of the implant to recovery the bony defect. For this purpose its biocompatibility was evaluated comparing to the synthetic calcium phosphate compounds, such as Syntograft and Calcitite, as well as the vacuum firing porcelain (Ceramco Inc.) which is anticipated to use as a matrix to aid sintering. Bony defects to exposure the bone marrow, $3{\times}5$ mm in size, were created in the right and left tibias of fifteen rabbits, and then the ashed tooth powder at $950^{\circ}C$, the porcelain powder, Syhtograft and Calcitite were inserted in the defects of twelve rabbits of the experimental group and the blood clot only was filled in the defects of three rabbits of the control group. The experimental and control rabbits were sacrificed at 1st, 2nd 3rd week after implantation and the histologic examination was performed. The ashed tooth powder in order to make the needed form of the implant was molded using the cylindrical mold 1 cm high, 1 cm in diameter under the pressure of $1000kg/cm^2$ and the ashed tooth powder was sintered at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour and the mixture of the porcelain powder and the ashed tooth powder at the weight ratio of 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6 were molded in the same manner and were sintered at $925^{\circ}C$. From this sintered material, square shaped implants were prepared in the dimension of $2{\times}4{\times}6mm$. The prepared implants were surgically placed in the subperiosteum of lateral surfaces of the right and left mandibular bodies. The dogs were sacrificed at 4 weeks, and then the specimens were examined using the light and scanning electron microscopes. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. Any inflammatory response was not noted after implanting of the ashed tooth powder, Syntograft, Calcitite and the porcelain powder during the whole experimental period after implantation. 2. Induction of the new bone formation was significantly shown in the ashed tooth powder, Syntograft and Calcitite. 3. The more the porcelain powder was contained in the implants, the more the porosity was and the bigger the pore size was under the scanning electron microscope. And there was ingrowing of the fibrous connective and the osteoid tissue. 4. The osteoid tissues were found to be directly fused to the implant of the ashed tooth powder, and the mixture implant of the porcelain powder and the ashed tooth powder at the weight ratio of 4:6 under the light and scanning electron microscopes.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.263-278
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• 2013

The silkworm extract powder contain 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a potent ${\alpha}$-glycosidase inhibitor, has therapeutic potency against diabetes mellitus. Therefore, natural products containing DNJ from mulberry leaves and silkworm are consumed as health functional food. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety of the silkworm extract powder, a health food which containing the DNJ. The repeated toxicity studies and gentic toxicity studies of the silkworm extract powder were performed to obtain the data for new functional food approval in MFDS. The safety was evaluated by a single-dose oral toxicity study and a 90 day repeated-dose oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. The silkworm extract powder was also evaluated for its mutagenic potential in a battery of genetic toxicity test: in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. The results of the genetic toxicology assays were negative in all of the assays. The approximate lethal dose in single oral dose toxicity study was considered to be higher than 5000 mg/kg in rats. In the 90 day study, the dose levels were wet at 0, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg/day, and 10 animals/sex/dose were treated with oral gavage. The parameters that were monitored were clinical signs, body weights, food and water consumptions, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, organ weights, and histopathological examination. No adverse effects were observed after the 90 day administration of the silkworm extract powder. The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) of silkworm extract powder in the 90 day study was 2000 mg/kg/day in both sexes, and no target organ was identified.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2000

연구배경 : 골수이식후의 폐렴은 흔한 합병증이며 사망율이 높아 신속하고 정확한 원인율의 진단이 중요하며 이에 대한 기관지내시경 검사의 안전성과 유용성이 보고되고 있으나 국내에서는 이에 대한 보고가 드물었다. 저자들은 골수이식후 폐렴이 의심되는 환자를 대상으로 기관지내시경 검사를 시행하여 원인균의 동정과 임상적 특징을 조사분석하였다. 연구방법: 1997년 5월부터 2000년 4월까지 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 기관지내시경 검사를 시행한 골수이식후 폐렴 환자 52명을 대상으로 하였다. 총 56예에서 기관지폐포 세척액검사를 시행하여 virus 배양검사와 세균검사를 하였고 32예에서 protected specimen brush (PSB)를 이용한 정량세균 배양검사, 23예에서 경기관지 폐생검을 시행하였다. 결과 : 1) 대상환자의 평균연령은 31.3세(최소 17세에서 최고 45세)였고 남자가 37명, 여자가 15명이었다. 골수이식 방법은 혈연간 동종골수이식이 35명, 비혈 연간 동종골수이식에서는 15명, 자가 조혈포세포 이식이 2명이었다. 골수이식후 폐합병증 발생까지의 기간은 211.1 일이었으며 227일, 비혈연간 동종골수이식군에서는 169.9일, 그리고, 자가골수이식군에서는 236.5일이었다. 2) 총 56예중 33예(59%)에서 기관지폐포세척액검사로 진단이 가능했는데 cytomegalovirus와 pneumocystis carinii가 함께 발견된 폐렴이 11예(19.6%), cytomegalovirus 폐렴이 12예 (21.4%), pneumocystis carinii 폐렴이 7예(12.5%), 결핵이 2예(3.6%), $\alpha$-hemolytic streptococcus가 1예 (2.5%)에서 발견되었다. 3) 대상환자들의 X-선 소견은 대부분 전폐야를 고루 침범하는 미만성 폐침윤 병변으로 보였다. 이중 cytomegalovirus 폐렴은 주로 미세 결절성 병변을 나타냈고, pneumocystis carinii폐렴은 미만성 간유리음영을 주로 보였으며, cytomegalovirus와 pneumocystis carinii 혼합감염은 미세결절과 간유리음영이 섞여있는 모습이었다. 4) 조사대상 환자 56예종 13명 (23.2%)이 사망하였다. 사망원인은 cytomegalovirus 폐렴이 2명, pneumocytis carinii 폐렴이 2명, 두 병원균의 혼합 감염이 3명, 이식편대숙주반응이 1명, 백혈병의 진행이 1명, 원인불명의 호흡부전이 4명이었다. 5) 기관지내시경 검사에 의한 합병증은 경기관지폐생검후의 국소출혈 3예 (5.3%), 일시적인 저산소증 1예(1.7%)로 치명적인 합병증은 없었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 골수이식후 발생한 폐렴의 주된 원인이 cytomegalovirus와 pneumocystis carinii임을 알수 있었고, 진단에 있어 기관지폐포세척액 검사가 안전하고 유용한 방법일 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 1991

저자들은 1983년 5월부터 1990년 2월까지 영남대학병원 내과에서 다발성 골수종으로 진단 되었던 총 31예의 환자를 대상으로 임상적 고찰을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 연령적으로 60대(45%)에서 가장 많았으며 남녀비는 1.8 : 1로 남성 우위를 보였다. 2. 진단당시 주증상으로는 골통증(58%)이 가장 많았고, 발열, 호흡곤란, 현기증, 종물촉지 등이 있었다. 3. Southwest Oncology Group(SWOG)의 진단기준에 따른 검사소견의 분포는 골이나 연부조직의 생검상 골수종을 보인 예가 6예, 골수검사상 총유핵세포 중 형질세포의 비율이 10%이상인 예가 22예, 혈청단백 전기영동상에서 Monoclonal splike를 보인 예가 24예, X-선검사상 골붕괴소견을 보인 예가 22예에서 관찰되었다. 4. 병기분류에 따른 환자의 분포는 stage I이 2예, stage II가 3예, stage III가 26예로 전체 대상환자의 84%였다. 5. 면역전기영동검사결가 IgG가 19예로 64%로 가장 많았으며, Light chain이 7예로 23%, IgA가 3예로 10% 순이었다. Light chain중 Kappa와 Lambda의 비는 1.1 : 1로 거의 비슷하였다. 6. 혈액학적소견상 혈색소치가 8.5g%미만이 42%를 차지하였고, 10.6mg%이상의 고칼슘혈증을 보인 환자는 22%였고, 혈청 creatinine치의 경우 2.0mg%이상이 19%를 차지하였다. 7. 골 X-선학적 검사소견상 다발성 골용성 병변은 두개골에 65%로 가장 많았고, 다음이 늑골로 42%, 요추 35%, 골반 23%, 흉추 순으로 관찰되었다. 골조송증과 골붕괴 및 골절이 동반된 예가 55%, 골붕괴만 보인 예가 23%, 골조송증만 보인 예가 10%였다. 8. 합병증으로는 신기능 장애가 10예, 감염이 8예, 척추의 압박골절이 16예에 관찰되었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.468-472
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• 2007

Wiskott-Aldrich 증후군은 WAS 단백질 유전자의 돌연변이에 의해서 야기되는 면역결핍질환으로 X 염색체 열성으로 유전되는 양상을 보인다. 혈소판감소증과 그로 인한 출혈경향, 면역결핍으로 인해 반복되는 감염, 아토피성 피부염등의 소견을 보인다. 첫 번째 증례는 서울대학교 치과병원 소아치과에 내원한 2세 11개월의 남아로 서울대학교 어린이병원에서 골수이식수술 전에 감염성 요소의 제거를 위해 의뢰되었다. 두 번째 증례는 2세 6개월의 남아로 구각부 및 치은의 연조직 질환과 치아 및 치은의 착색을 주소로 본과에 의뢰되었다. 이들 두 환자에서 보이는 Wiskott-Aldrich 증후군의 특징적인 치과적 소견과 치과치료시의 주의사항에 대해 보고하는 바이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9961-9966
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• 2014

Background: Some reports have suggested that chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients have a higher prevalence of M-bcr than acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, which show a higher prevalence of m-bcr. However, the relationship between BCR-ABL subtypes and progression of CML and ALL remains unclear. Materials and Methods: 354 CML chronic phase (CML-CP) patients, 26 CML blastic phase (CML-BP) patients and 72 ALL patients before treatment with BCR-ABL positive were recruited for blood routine examination and bone marrow smear cytology. Some 80 CML-CP and 32 ALL patients after imatinib (IM) treatment were followed-up for BCR-ABL relative concentrations detected after treatment for 3, 6 and 9 months and 1 year. Results: Before treatment, CML-CP patients showed lower BCR-ABL relative concentrations with a higher proportion of M-bcr (42.7%) compared to CML-BP and ALL patients while ALL patients had a higher BCR-ABL relative concentration with high expression of m-bcr (51.4%). Patients with M-bcr demonstrated higher WBC counts than those with m-bcr and the mixed group and higher PLT counts were noted in the CML-CP and ALL groups. After imatinib (IM) treatment, patients with m-bcr showed higher BCR-ABL relative concentrations in both CML-CP and ALL groups. Conclusions: This study identified the BCR-ABL gene as an important factor in CML and ALL cases. The M-bcr subtype was associated more with CML while the m-bcr subtype was associated more with ALL. Patients with m-bcr seem to have a poorer response to IM in either CML or ALL patients compared to M-bcr patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2000

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been reported to be associated with a variety of medical and surgical conditions, including All-trans-retinoic acid (ATTA). ATRA is very efficaceous drug to acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). This drug can induce complete remission at APL without fatal risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation. But ATRA treatment, sometimes, produces the symptoms of fever, weight gain and acute respiratory distress, renal function impairment. The causes of these symptoms are not fully proved, but supposed as the result of leukostasis and capillary leak syndrome from excessive leukocyte differentiation and cytokines release. Recently, we experienced a 24-year-old woman who complained gum bleeding for 6 days. At bone marrow biopsy, she was diagnosed as APL. 2 days after ATRA treatment, she was suffered from the symptoms of dyspnea and general ache. At laboratory examination, total leukocyte count was 50,400/$mm^3$, $PaO_2$ was 42.5 mm Hg and chest PA revealed the findings compatible with ARDS. Treatment with low dose ara-C, corticosteroid and general supportive cares were tried. Within 3 days after treatment, the patient recovered from ARDS by evidence of arterial blood gas study and chest radiographs. She has acquired complete remission of APL with maintenance of A TRA. And so, we present this case with a review of related literatures.