• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2017

To date, no clear threshold that has been established for defining an adequate store of vitamin D for bone health. Therefore, this study aims to determine the required level of vitamin D to maintain a healthy skeleton based on bone remodelling process among healthy adult population. This was a cross sectional study, involving a healthy adult population in Kota Bharu, Malaysia, aged 18~50 years. We measured serum 25(OH)D (vitamin D), serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), and Procollagen 1 Intact N-Terminal (P1NP) in 120 healthy adults selected via multi stage sampling (64 males, 56 females) from 6 subdistricts in Kota Bharu. The mean level of 25(OH)D was 23.50 (${\pm}8.74$) nmol/L. There was a significant difference of the vitamin D level between genders ($26.81{\pm}8.3nmol/L$ vs $19.72{\pm}7.68nmol/L$ in males and females respectively) (p value<0.001). More than 50% of female subjects had 25(OH)D less than 20 nmol/L, while only 20.3% of male subjects had 25(OH)D below 20 nmol/L. Based on the LOESS plot, the bone turnover markers showed a plateauing result, at the 25(OH)D level of 35 nmol/L for CTX and 20 nmol/L for P1NP. Contrastingly, PTH showed a step rise in the 25(OH)D level of 20 nmol/L. Based on the LOESS plot for CTX, P1NP and PTH versus 25(OH)D, level of vitamin D between 20 to 35 nmol/L is recommended to maintain healthy skeleton.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2010

Our objective of current study was to investigate the development of bone and heart in association with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM was induced by administering an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg) to 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Body weight and blood glucose were monitored, and rats were sacrificed after 2 or 5 weeks. The left ventricle (LV), including the interventricular septum, was weighed, and body weight and tibial bone length were assessed. Young diabetic rats showed reduced growth in terms of tibial length and body weight compared to controls. Moreover, diabetic males showed more significant growth suppression and reduced LV size than diabetic females. Morphometric analysis of tibiae from diabetic rats revealed suppressed bone growth at 2 and 5 weeks, with no difference between genders. STZ-induced diabetes decreased bone growth and retarded pre-pubertal heart development. As a result, diabetes may increase cardiovascular risk factors and lead to eventual heart failure. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are required for diabetic children exhibiting growth retardation. Heart growth factor, exercise, and cardiopulmonary physical therapy may be required to promote heart development and physiological function.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diet and health status of elderly women according to the family type. Methods: A total of 307 elderly women participated in this study were divided into one of three groups according to their family type: residing with spouse (RSP; n=88), residing with son or daughter (RSD; n=119), and residing alone (RAL; n=100). Chisquare test was used to assess dietary habits and health status of the subjects by the family types. Results: Results demonstrated significant associations between eating regular meals, person preparing meals, coffee intake, and bone fracture experience and family type. Among the three groups, the RSP and RAL groups had a higher percentage for preparing meals by themselves (p<0.001) than the RSD group. The RAL group had a lower percentage for eating regular meals (p<0.01) but a higher percentage for bone fracture experience (p<0.05) than the other groups. There were no significant differences in monthly allowance, self-estimated health status, physical activity, exercise, drinking, and dietary habits such as frequency of consumption of dairy, beans, eggs, fish, meat, fruits, and vegetables among the three groups. Conclusions: The results showed that elderly women residing alone without a son, daughter, or spouse had more diet-related and health problems such as irregular meals and high bone fracture experience. These findings suggested that elderly women residing alone need more attention and support.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1737-1746
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• 2013

본 연구는 농촌지역 중 노년기 여성을 대상으로 건강교육과 운동프로그램을 실시하여 체성분과 혈중지질, 골밀도 및 건강행태에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 시도하였다. 중 노년기 여성 33명을 대상으로 2012년 3월 5일부터 2012년 5월 31일까지 12주간 건강교육과 운동프로그램을 실시하였으며, 체성분과 혈중지질, 골밀도 및 건강행태에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 단일군 전후설계로 paired t-test, ANCOVA를 실시하였다. 프로그램 적용 후, 평균체중과 BMI, 체지방량, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, LDL콜레스테롤, 골밀도, 운동과 음주 및 흡연에 대한 건강행태에서 유의한 변화가 있었다. 따라서 3개월 이상의 강도 높은 유산소운동과 개인별 맞춤 근력운동을 적절하게 병행한 운동프로그램의 기획 및 제공이 필요할 것으로 판단되며, 개인별 건강행태변화를 위해서 대상자에게 초점을 맞춘 건강교육을 횟수를 늘려 제공하는 등 기존의 프로그램을 보완한 체계적인 관리가 지역사회에서 실천되도록 해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of red-yeast-rice on bone metabolism in overiectomized (OVX) rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 210 $\pm$ 5 g, 9 weeks old age) were divided into two groups. One group were OVX, and the other group received sham operation (SHAM), and received either control diet (20％ casein) or a red-yeast-rice power supplemented diet (0.1％) for 9 weeks. And then each rat group was further divided into control diet (casein 20％) and red-yeast-rice powder supplemented (0.1％) diet group. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in spine and femur on 5, 9 weeks after feeding. The serum and urine concentrations of Ca and P were determined. Bone formation was measured by serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations. And bone resorption rate was measured by deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks immunoassay and corrected for creatinine. Serum osteocalcin, growth hormone, IGF-l and calcitonin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay kits. Urinary Ca and P excretion were not significantly different among the groups. Within the OVX group, the red-yeast-rice group had a lower crosslinks value than the casein group. Therefore the red-yeast-rice supplemented groups had a lower bone resorption ratio than the casein group in the ovariectomized rats. And, the red-yeast-rice group had significantly higher IGF-l hormone than casein group in ovariectomized rats. The red-yeast-rice group had higher spine bone mineral content than those of control group within the OVX groups. This study was an important first step in establishing that the observed beneficial effects of red-yeast-rice on bone, and this study also established the need for a study on the long-term effect of this supplement in a human.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2004

The objective of this finite element method study was to analyze the stress distribution induced on a supporting bone by 3.75mm, 4.0mm, 5.0mm diameter of dental implant fixture(13mm length). 3-dimensional finite element models of simplified gold alloy crown(7mm height) and dental implant structures(gold cylinder screw, gold cylinder, abutment screw, abutment, fixture and supporting bone(cortical bone, cancellous bone) designs were subjected to a simulated biting force of 100 N which was forced over occlusal plane of gold alloy crown vertically. Maximum von Mises stresses(MPa) under vertical loading were 9.693(3.75mm diameter of fixture), 8.885(4.0mm diameter of fixture), 6.301(5.0mm diameter of fixture) and the highest von Mises stresses of all models were concentrated in the surrounding crestal cortical bone. The wide diameter implant was the good choice for minimizing cortical bone-fixture interface stress.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.559-568
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• 2007

Weight control diets induce reducing women' bone mineral density (BMD) that has a close relationship to risk in osteoporosis. This study was carried out to identify bone density risk factors affecting women's BMD, and to examine the relationship age, lifestyle and dietary habits for bone health by physical measurement and questonnaies. The subjects of this study were 194 women living on the Seoul area. When the subjects were divided into 4 age groups, BMI was the highest in the 50 years group (24.8) and the lowest in the 20 years group (21.63). Average T-score, which is BMD of forearm bone and calcaneus was the highest in the 40 years (-0.07) and the lowest in the 20 years (-0.59). The rate of eating breakfast was shown significantly higher in the 50 years group than that in the younger group. The frequencies of eating out, fried food intakes, and alcohol drinks were shown significantly different by age (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the risk rate of BMD was high in the 20syears and 50 years groups. It may due to the 20s' weight-control diet. Breakfast eating, exercise, intakes of anchovies, radishes, carrots, zucchinis and tomatoes were significantly important factors to prevent bone density risk.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2005

This study investigated associations between exercise habit and bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in postmenopausal women. The BMD and BMC of the spinal skeleton was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Exercise and energy expenditure of physical activity were estimated by questionnaire. For exercise activities, subjects were asked to identify all exercises they have participated in. The subjects were further asked to estimate the number of years of participation, the number of weeks per year, the number of times per week, and the number of hours per time. Subjects were then categorized into exercise (more than 3 times/wk, more than 30min per session exercise (n = 47) and nonexercise group (n = 72). Results indicated that there were no significant differences in BMD and BMC when comparisons were made between subjects in exercise habit, a general exercise group and a nonexercise control group. However, when exercise subjects were divided into weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing groups, significant differences were found. These results suggest that weight-bearing exercise positively influences bone mineral density and bone mineral content in postmenopausal women. Sedentary women should be encouraged to adopt a weight-bearing exercise to maintain the health of their skeletons. Exercise interventions are practical and feasible for healthy women and should be encouraged at the earliest possible age. Our findings lend support to recommendations for physical activity and weight-bearing exercise as a means of osteoporosis prevention.

• Endocrinology and Metabolism
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2018

The prevalence of chronic diseases including osteoporosis and sarcopenia increases as the population ages. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are commonly associated with genetics, mechanical factors, and hormonal factors and primarily associated with aging. Many older populations, particularly those with frailty, are likely to have concurrent osteoporosis and sarcopenia, further increasing their risk of disease-related complications. Because bones and muscles are closely interconnected by anatomy, metabolic profile, and chemical components, a diagnosis should be considered for both sarcopenia and osteoporosis, which may be treated with optimal therapeutic interventions eliciting pleiotropic effects on both bones and muscles. Exercise training has been recommended as a promising therapeutic strategy to encounter the loss of bone and muscle mass due to osteosarcopenia. To stimulate the osteogenic effects for bone mass accretion, bone tissues must be exposed to mechanical load exceeding those experienced during daily living activities. Of the several exercise training programs, resistance exercise (RE) is known to be highly beneficial for the preservation of bone and muscle mass. This review summarizes the mechanisms of RE for the preservation of bone and muscle mass and supports the clinical evidences for the use of RE as a therapeutic option in osteosarcopenia.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2009

국내의 암 발생 변화 추이를 고려해보면, 현재 남성에게 발생하는 전립선암의 비중이 나날이 증가하고 있다. 전립선 암의 경우 림프절이나 뼈에 전이가 되면 90% 이상 사망에 이른다. 따라서 최근 핵의학 분야에서는 전립선 암의 뼈 전이를 보다 정확하게 진단하기 위해 여러 영상기법과 방사성 의약품의 개발이 진행, 소개되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전립선 암세포의 뼈 전이에 대한 보다 정밀한 영상을 획득하여 진단능을 향상시키는 $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT의 유용성을 알아보고자 한다. 본 연구는 총 33명의 전립선암으로 진단된 환자로서, 평균 $67.8{\pm}10.2$세의 남자를 대상으로 하였다. 동일한 환자에게 각각 전신 뼈 검사(Whole Body Bone Scan; WBBS)와 뼈 양전자 방출 컴퓨터 단층 촬영(18F-Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography; $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT)을 시행하였으며, 각 검사에서 나타난 병변을 확인하여 ROC곡선(Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve)을 통해 AUROC (The Area Under an ROC)분석하였다. 또한 두 검사의 민감도와 특이도, 양성예측률과 음성예측률 그리고 두 검사의 정확도를 비교 분석하였다. 총 33명 중 22명의 환자(66.6%)에게서 뼈 전이가 있었으며, $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT에서 모두 우수한 결과치가 나타났다. WBBS의 민감도는 63.6%, 특이도는 81.8%였고, $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT에서는 민감도 100%, 특이도 90.9%로 나타났으며, AUROC를 비교한 결과 WBBS에서 0.778, $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT는 0.942로 분석되었다. $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT는 WBBS에 비하여 높은 민감도와 특이도를 보였으며, 3D 영상 구현으로 암세포의 뼈에 대한 전이성 병소를 더욱 정확하고 명확하게 발견할 수 있었다. 또한 WBBS의 장시간 검사에 비하여 $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT는 상대적으로 단시간에 뼈의 생리적인 변화에 대한 정확한 영상을 얻을 수 있어 환자의 불편함을 최소화 할 수 있었다. 고가 검사비용에 대한 부담을 줄일 수 있다면 $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT를 통해 더욱 정확한 영상을 제공하여 임상에서의 진단능을 향상 시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.