• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.214-218
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• 2000

Hydroxyapatite (HA) and $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate ($\beta$-TCP) are bio-compatible materials with bones and teeth. HA has been widely applied as bone substitutes because of chemical stability in vivo, while $\beta$-TCP has higher resorbability than HA when the material is implanted in a bone defect. In the present study, both HA and $\beta$-TCP porous ceramics were soaked in the simulated body fluid in order to investigate the reaction between the materials and the fluid. After the soaking test, carbonate hydroxyapatite was formed on HA surface at 1 week, and then the amount of precipitates increased with increasing period of the soaking test. While $\beta$-TCP was not dissolved in the fluid, carbonate hydroxyaopatite was also formed on $\beta$-TCP surface after 12 weeks, and the amount of precipitates was less than that on HA. In vitro behavior of HA was similar to that in vivo, but in vitro behavior of $\beta$-TCP was not similar to that in vivo.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.465-468
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• 2001

Elbow hygroma and hypertrophic osteodystrophy were diagnosed in Doberman referred to Veterinary Teaching Hosptial of Chungbuk national University. Physical examination, plain radiography, and bone scan were performed in the patient. The radiography revealed soft tissue swelling on the caudal region of the elbow and irregular radiolucent zone involving the metaphysis subjacent and parallel to the distal radial and ulnar physes. The bone scan of the forelimbs revealed increased uptake in region where the soft, fluid-filled mass on the elbow was present. But the radiolucent areas (the distal radial and ulnar physes) were seen normal bone uptake. Therefore, hypertrophic osteodystrophy ruled out the diagnosis. $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ scan is suitable to routine clinical use for soft tissue inflammation and bone lesions detection.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.161-175
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• 1996

There were many reports that elevations in the levels of active and latent collagenase in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF) have been correlated positively with periodontal disease activity. To provide a simple diagnostic approach for testing GCF collagenolytic activity, the detection limit of enzyme activity was compared using radiofibril assay(Sodek et.al.1981) and spectrophotometric collagenolytic assay(Nethery et al. 1986). The detection limits of both assay for standard bacterial enzyme were similar and the radiofibril assay showed a little (1/2) lower detection limit for tad pole collagenase. To evaluate the relationship between periodontal tissue destruction and the collagenolytic activity, GCF was collected, and latent and active enzyme activities were measured by a spectrophotometric collagenolytic assay. Twelve subjects showing progressive lesions were selected according to the presence of immediate tissue destruction, frequent abscess formation, and increasing need for tooth extraction, and the absence of underlying systemic disease and previous antibiotic medication history within 6 months. Comparisons were made between sites with either: 1) inflammation with a previous history of progressive loss of periodontal tissue and bone support(2l progressive sites): 2) previous history of bone loss and periodontal destruction but now clinically stable(12 comparably stable sites); or 3) no loss of periodontal tissue and bone support(11 control sites including 5 gingivitis sites and 6 healthy sites). Active collagenase activity was the highest in the progressive sites and decreased in the order of the gingivitis sites, the stable sites, and the healthy sites. The total enzyme activity was $2{\sim}3$ fold higher in the progressive sites and the gingivitis sites, compared to the stable and the healthy sites. The ratio of active to total collagenolytic activity was twice in the progressive sites. Analysis of active collagenase level(5mU) and the ratio of active to total collagenolytic activity(0.8) as a diagnositic test indicates that these measurements have the sensitivity of 0.81 and 0.86, the specificity of 0.70 and 0.65, and the overall agreement of 0.75 and 0.73, respectively. Thus, this method has significant merits as a diagnostic tool to determine wherher the site is in a state of remission or progression.

• Journal of Rhinology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: Endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak can avoid morbidity of open approaches and has shown a favorable success rate. Free mucosal graft is a good method, and multi-layered repair is more favorable. The inferior turbinate has been commonly utilized for the free mucosal graft, but we newly designed it as a bone-periosteal-mucosal composite graft for multilayered reconstruction. Subjects and Method: Four subjects with a skull base defect were treated with this method. The inferior turbinate was partially resected including the conchal bone and was trimmed according to defect size. Both bony parts and periosteum were preserved on the basolateral side of the mucosa as a composite graft. The graft was applied to the defect site using an overlay technique. Results: All cases were successfully repaired without any complications. Three of them had a defect size greater than 10-12 mm, and the graft stably repaired the CSF leakage. Conclusion: Endoscopic repair of CSF leakage using inferior turbinate composite graft is a simple and easy method and would be favorable for defect sizes greater than 10 mm.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.455-465
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• 2022

Purpose: Periodontal diseases are inflammatory conditions that alter the host's response to microbial pathogens. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease that affects the incidence and severity of periodontal diseases. This study investigated the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34) in patients with stage III grade C periodontitis (SIII-GC-P) and stage III grade C periodontitis with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (SIII-GC-PD). Methods: In total, 72 individuals, including 24 periodontally healthy (PH), 24 SIII-GC-P, and 24 SIII-GC-PD patients, were recruited for this study. Periodontitis patients (stage III) had interdental attachment loss (AL) of 5 mm or more, probing depth (PD) of 6 mm or more, radiographic bone loss advancing to the middle or apical part of the root, and tooth loss (<5) due to periodontal disease. Radiographic bone loss in the teeth was also evaluated; grade C periodontitis was defined as a ratio of the percentage of root bone loss to age greater than 1.0. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), presence of bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, and clinical AL were used for clinical periodontal assessments. GCF samples were obtained and analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: All clinical parameters-PD, AL, GI, BOP, and PI-were significantly higher in the SIII-GC-PD group than in the PH and SIII-GC-P groups for both the full mouth and each sampling site (P<0.05). The total IL-34 and CSF-1 levels were significantly higher in the SIII-GC-PD group than in the PH and SIII-GC-P groups (P<0.05), and there were significant differences between the periodontitis groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that IL-34 and CSF-1 expression increases in patients with SIII-GC-PD. CSF-1 was associated with the inflammatory status of periodontal tissues and T2DM, while IL-34 was associated only with T2DM.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.848-853
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• 2010

Bone maintains its homeostasis through balance between bone resorbing osteoclasts and bone forming osteoblasts. Thus, unusual balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts leads to pathological bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune arthritis, periodontitis. Schisandra chinensis well known traditional herbal has been used for treatment of diseases in China, Korea, Japan, andothers. Recently, research studies have demonstrated that the lignans found in Schisandra chinensis stimulate osteoblasts and suggest that it may be helpful against osteoporosis. However, the inhibitory effect of water extract of Schisandra chinensis on osteoclast differentiation remains largely unknown. In this study, Water extract of Schisandra chinensis markedly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in cultures of BMMs without cytotoxicity. The mRNA expression of c-Fos, NFATc1, and TRAP induced by RANKL was inhibited by water extract of Schisandra chinensis. It also suppressed c-Fos and NFATc1 protein expression. Taken together, these results suggest that water extract of Schisandra chinensis has the potential to serve as a treatment of bone disease such as osteoporosis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2023

Metal fixation systems for cranial bone flaps cut by a drill are convenient devices for cranioplasty, but cause several complications. We use modified craniotomy using a fine diamond-coated threadwire saw (diamond T-saw) to reduce the bone defect, and osteoplasty calcium phosphate cement without metal fixation. We report our outcomes and tips of this method. A total of 78 consecutive patients underwent elective frontotemporal craniotomy for clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms between 2015 and 2019. The follow-up periods ranged from 13 to 66 months. The bone fixation state was evaluated by bone computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional CT (3D-CT). The diamond T-saw could minimize the bone defect. Only one wound infection occurred within 1 week postoperatively, and no late infection. No pain, palpable/cosmetically noticeable displacement of the bone flap, fluid accumulations, or other complications were observed. The condition of bone fixation and the cosmetic efficacy were thoroughly satisfactory for all patients, and bone CT and 3D-CT demonstrated that good bone fusion. No complication typical of metal fixation occurred. Our method is technically easy and safety, and achieved good mid-term bone flap fixation in the mid-term course, so has potential for bone fixation without the use of metal plates.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2015

Purpose: Despite the high success rates of endosseous dental implants, their placement is restricted according to the height and volume of bone available. The use of short or mini dental implants could be one way to overcome this limitation. Thus, this study aimed to compare standard, short, and mini dental implants with regard to associated clinical parameters and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels of cathepsin-K (CTSK), RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG), after prosthodontic loading. Methods: A total of 78 non-submerged implants (Euroteknika, $Aesthetica^{+2}$, Sallanches, France) were installed in 30 subjects (13 male, 17 female; range, 26-62 years) who visited the clinic of the Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University. Sampling and measurements were performed on the loading date (baseline) and 2, 14, and 90 days after loading. Assessment of the peri-implant status for the implant sites was performed using the pocket probing depth (PPD), modified plaque index, modified gingival index, modified sulcular bleeding index, and radiographic signs of bone loss. PICF samples collected from each implant were evaluated for CTSK, RANKL, and OPG levels using the ELISA method. Keratinized tissue and marginal bone loss (MBL) were also noted. Results: Clinical parameters statistically significantly increased in each group but did not show statistical differences between groups without PPD. Although implant groups showed a higher MBL in the upper jaw, only the standard dental group demonstrated a statistically significant difference. At 90 days, the OPG:sRANKL ratio and total amounts of CTSK for each group did not differ from baseline. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both short and mini dental implants were achieving the same outcomes as the standard dental implants in the early period after loading.

• Composites Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 일방향 생분해성 유리섬유(BGF)와 친환경 생분해성 수지인 폴리락트산(PLA)을 이용하여 골절치료용 복합재료 고정판을 제작하고 체액 노출에 따른 고정판의 성능 변화를 확인하고자 $50.0^{\circ}C$ 온도조건으로 설정된 인산완충식염수(PBS)에 제작된 생분해성 고정판을 0~3주 동안 노출시켜 질량 변화를 측정하고 4점 굽힘 실험을 수행하였다. 굽힘 강성, 수분 흡수율, 그리고 질량 감소율과 같은 기계적 특성 변화를 파악하였으며 실험 결과로부터 노출 기간이 증가함에 따라 고정판을 구성하고 있는 생분해성 재료들의 손실로 인해 기계적 물성이 서서히 저하되는 경향을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2010

Introduction: A cyst is a closed pathologic sac containing fluid or semi-solid material in central region. The most common conventional treatment for a cyst is enucleation. It was reported that spontaneous bone healing could be accomplished without bone grafting. We are trying to evaluate bone reconstruction ability by analyzing panorama radiograph and computed tomography (CT) scan with retrograde studying after cyst enucleation. In this way we are estimating critical size defect for spontaneous healing without bone graft. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 45 patients who were diagnosed as cysts and implemented enucleation treatment without bone graft. After radiograph photo taking ante and post surgery for 6, 12, 18, 24 months, the healing surface and volumetric changes were calculated. Results: 1. Spontaneous bone healing was accomplished clinically satisfying 12 months later after surgery. But analyzing CT scan, defect volume changes indicate 79.24% which imply incomplete bone healing of defect area. 2. Comparing volume changes of defect area of CT scan, there are statistical significance between under $5,000mm^{3}$ and over $5,000mm^{3}$. The defect volume of $5,000mm^{3}$ shows $2.79{\times}1.91$cm in panoramic view. Conclusion: Bone defects, which are determined by a healed section using a panoramic view, compared to CT scans which do not show up. Also we can estimate the critical size of defects for complete healing.