• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

This purpose of this study was to develop a tea with small red bean which have been known to have effect regarding anti-obesity, fatigue recovery, edema recovery, blood circulation, etc. In order to provide baseline data for small red bean tea we investigated the general components, antioxidative effect and proanthocyanidin analysis in small red beans[Phaseolus angularis W.F. Wight.]. Physicochemical analysis(pH, sugar content, salinity, turbidity), color, anti oralmicrobial activity, content of saponin and sensory test of small red bean with different boiling time in 8 minutes(SR1), 16 minutes(SR2), 24 minutes(SR3), 32 minutes(SR4), 40 minutes(SR5) was also measured. It was shown that the crude fat, carbohydrate, moisture, crude protein, crude ash content of small red bean were 1.0%, 63.9%, 12.8%, 18.7%, 3.6%. DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the total phenolic compounds content and flavonoid content increased significantly (p<0.001). The results of analyzed proanthocyanidin was distinguished by characteristic UV-visible spectra with absorption maximum at 320 nm($t_R$ 7.589 min). As the boiling time(8 minutes:SR1, 16 minutes:SR2, 24 minutes:SR3, 32 minutes:SR4, 40 minutes:SR5) of small red beans increaseds, the pH significantly decreased(p<0.001). The sugar content, salinity and turbidity significantly increased(p<0.001). Moreover, Hunter L, a and b values, crude saponin also increased(p<0.001). The results of analyzed activity against oral bacteria, S. mutans, S. sobrinus, P. intermedia and P. gingivalis showed a higher antibacterial activities than E. coli and S. aureus. MIC was measured that S. mutans, S. sobrinus, P. intermedia and P. gingivalis showed a lower MICs than E. coli and S. aureus. The results regarding sensory test measures, In case of color, refreshing taste and overall quality, SR3 had the highest preference overall among tested samples. In cases conceming odor and taste, SR5 had the highest preference and with regards to sweetness and saltyness, SR4 had the highest preference.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.158-164
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• 1981

식품 저장용 옹기유의 납 용출양의 변화에 대하여 여러 가지 조건에서 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 옹기유의 납 용출양은 pH가 낮을수록 용출양이 많았으며, pH4이하에서는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 기간당용출양도 증가하였으나, pH6 이상에서는 검출되지 않았다. 2) 외관상의 색채로 볼 때 붉고 광택이 있는 것이 검은 것 보다 납이 많이 용출되었으며 이것은 산화납을 사용하여 저온소성한 것으로 추정되었다. 3) 용출온도에 따라 용출양을 비교해 보면 $100^{\circ}C$에서 6시간 정도의 가열로써는 납은 검출되지 않았다. 4) 김치를 포함한 각종 산성 식품을 저장하는 경우 모두 3주 이상 경과하면 납의 용출양이 증가하였다. 5) 시판되고 있는 식기류를 $4\%$(v/v)아세트산용액으로 24시간 실온에서 용출시키면 납은$ND\sim171.1ppb$, 구리 $ND\sim4.71ppb$ 및 카드뮴 $ND\sim5.92ppb$의 범위로 검출되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.303-314
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• 2020

Gambir is a non-wood forest product with a potential of being used as wood adhesive, due to about 33% catechin in it. Meanwhile, catechins and sucrose have not been studied as adhesives. Therefore, basic characteristics of gambir-sucrose adhesives were investigated. In this research, adhesives were prepared by dissolving gambir and sucrose in distilled water, at different blending ratios of the gambir/sucrose such as 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 wt%. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to determine the gambir chemical compositions, and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out to identify chemical bonds. Particleboards with a target density of 0.8 g/㎤ were then manufactured by hot-pressing for 10 min at 200℃. The internal bond (IB) strength of particleboard was subsequently measured. Based on the GC-MS analysis, 31.11% of catechin was identified. In addition, the viscosity, density, solid content, and gelation time of the adhesives, and insoluble matter content (IMC) in boiling water were 7.30~33.24 mPa.s, 1.2~1.3 g/㎤, 25.56~28.44%, 73~420 min, and 29.75~62.10%, respectively. Adding sucrose to the adhesive was observed to raise the IMC from 49.05 to 62.10%, at 180℃ and 200℃. FT-IR analysis showed that the gambir absorption peaks occurred at approximately 1620 cm^-1, assigned to the C=O stretching of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which tended to increase with the addition of sucrose. The reaction between gambir and sucrose was observed in the form of the dimethylene ether bridge. The 25/75 wt% gambir-sucrose adhesives and 200℃ hot-pressed temperature resulted in the highest IB strength (0.89 MPa), and met the requirement of JIS A5908-2003 type 18. Consequently, the gambir-sucrose adhesive could be used as a particleboard adhesive.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2005

Recycled polyol was obtained by glycolysis of MDI-based Polyurethane(PU) rigid foam. The chemical structure of the recycled pclyol was confirmed by GC(gas chromatography) and 1H-NMR. The recycled polyol throughout the glycolysis contained liquid polyol and methylenedianiline(MDA). MDA which could cause liver cancer is carcinogenic material. TWA(Time Weighted Average.) amount for MDA in MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheets) was confined less than 0.1 ppm. The melting temperature of MDA is $92^{\circ}C$, and boiling temperature is $398^{\circ}C$. During the gylcolysis most of MDA was dissolved in liquid polyol. The probability that MDA diffuses into the atmosphere is low but there could be an absorption of MDA into skin. Furthermore because MDA is amine compound, recycled polyol which contained MDA had a difficulty in reaction control of polyurethane. Therefore reduction of MDA amount was needed strongly. In this study the elimination of MDA were performed through deamination of the recycled polyol by glycidyl ether compounds. As glycolysis was proceeded, the amount of MDA was 9.8 wt % at early stage and increased up to 14.0 wt % after 8 hours reaction. It was found that 2-Ethylhexyl glycidyl ether which contains aliphatic moiety was very effective compound for eliminating the primary aromatic amine compound :md the optimal mole ratio of 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether to MAD was 3. The final polyol after deamination by 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether has an appropriate viscosity(less than 500 centi poise) for polyurethane reaction.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.831-839
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• 2010

The results of wet noodles added with 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7% freeze-dried maesangi powder demonstrate that the addition of maesangi powder up to 5% was desirable formation of noodles. The moisture contents of wet noodle 35.48~36.42%. As the added amount of maesangi powder increased, weight, volume, water absorption, and turbidity the wet noodle soup after cooking increased. Measurement of color changes between before and after cooking the wet noodles found that as the added amount of maesangi powder increased, the lightness and yellowness increased. Measurement of texture after boiling found that, hardness, chewiness and gumminess tended to increase as the amount of added maesangi powder increased whereas, springiness and cohesiveness were significantly different between the different samples. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the 3%-added group was the best for color, flavor, and taste while the control groups had the best texture. For overall acceptability, the 3%-added group showed found the highest preference level. Measurement of the changes in total viable cells during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 18 days found that 6-days was the optimal storage period for the noodles from the control groups and added groups. As the storing period increased, the maesangi powder added groups showed slower propagation speed for viable cells compared to the control groups.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.127-149
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• 2005

This study is designed to investigate the method of manufacturing herbal acupuncture through literature of oriental medicine. The findings of this study are as follows; 1. The methods of manufacturing herbal acupuncture go through the process of abstraction, purification, mixing, filtration, putting and tight sealing in the container, sterilization, quality control, printing and packing 2. There are many ways to manufacturing herbal acupuncture, for example water-alcohol precipitation, alcohol-water precipitation, liquid-liquid abstract, acid-base abstract, metal base precipitation, distillation, molecular structure, polyamide absorption, dialysis, and ion exchange, etc. And popular method is water-alcohol precipitation. This is through alcohol precipitate extracting the principal ingredients from water abstraction. This is very simple and efficient way using melting characteristics of compounds in herb to water and ethanol. 3. Sterilization of herbal acupuncture is through heating-pressure, boiling, steam flowing, low temperature, filtering, radiation, cooling, and microwaves. Nowadays filtering is commonly used. And sterilization is estimated by an examination of asepsis . 4. Herbal acupuncture must be undergo study and experiment to clinical use. The problems of herbal acupuncture are turbidity, instability, causing hemolysis, pain, and fever. So many provisions (addition, sterilization, and filtration etc.) must be prepared. 5. The theory of manufacturing herbal acupuncture is from oriental medicine, not western. So it must be corresponded to oriental medical theory, for example Gimi(氣味), Guigyung(歸經), Ingyung(引經), Bosa(補瀉), and Match of Herb. It is recommended that further study of many other sided investigations in the future.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.796-803
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• 1996

대두의 물리적 성질을 개선할 목적으로 대두에 0, 5, 10, 20 kGy의 감마선을 조사하여 수분흡수양상, 조리특성 및 세포구조를 관찰하였다. 대두의 수분흡수는 수침온도 및 감마선 조사선량의 증가에 따라 평형에 이르는 시간이 감소하였으며, $20^{\circ}C수침온도에서$ 5~20 kGy의 감마선조사 대두는 비 조사 대두에 비 해 3~6시간의 수침시간을 단축할 수 있었다 대두의 조리정도는 대두 자엽의 최대 절단력으로 나타냈으며, 관능적으로 완전히 익은 대두의 절단력을 145g/g으로 했을 때 5~20 kGy의 감마선조사는 대두의 조리시간을 55~75% 단축시켰다. 대두 표피내면의 세포구조 관찰에서 비조사 대두의 유조직은 주름이 잡힌 치밀한 구조를 나타낸 반면, 감마선조사 대두는 유조직의 느슨함과 변형됨을 보여주었다. 자엽표면 및 그 내부구조도 감마선조사에 의해 구조의 변형을 나타내었다. 특히 자엽세포의 protein body는 감마선조사 선량이 증가됨에 따라 형태가 변형되어 20k0y조사 대두는 스파이크형을 나타내었으며, lipid body의 경우도 감마선 조사선량이 증가됨에 따라 그 크기가 현저히 감소하여 작은 구의 형태로 분해되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1798-1802
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• 1969

이 실험(實驗)은 시멘트모르타트를 0.1N-NaOH의 알카리용액(溶液)에 침지(浸漬)시켜 alkali작용(作用)에 의한 모르타르의 부식(腐蝕)이 모르타르의 물리적(物理的) 성질(性質)에 미치는 영향을 구명(究明)하여 내고기성 모르타르 또는 콘크리트의 배합설계(配合設計)에 기초자료를 제시(提示)하고저 기도(企圖)하였던 바 이를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 가. 공시체(供試體)는 5cm입방체(立方體)의 모르타르로서 그 배합비(配合比)(중량(重量))는 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, 1:10의 5종(種)을 만들어 사용(使用)하였다. 나. 공시체(供試體)의 물리시험(物理試驗)은 재령(材令) 7일(日), 28일(日), 3개월(個月) 6개월(個月)의 압축강도시험(壓縮强度試驗)과 5시간(時間) 자비(煮沸)의 흡수율시험(吸水率試驗)을 하였다. 다. 알카리시험(試驗)에서는 0.1N-NaOh 용액(溶液)을 사용(使用)하고 7일간격(日間隔)으로 감량(減量)을 7주간(週間) 계속(繼續) 측정(測定)하였다. 라. 알카리작용(作用)에 의(依)한 모르타르의 부식(腐蝕)은 배합비(配合比) 1:1, 1:3에서는 전연(全然) 생기지 않았고 1:5와 1:7에서 7주후(週后) 각각(各各) 3.5%와 6.26%로서 미량(微量)이였으나 1:10에서는 36.6%의 상당(相當)한 감량율(減量率)이였다. 그러나 같은 농도(濃度)의 고산용액에서는 같은 침액기간(浸液期間)(7주간(週間))을 통(通)해서 감량율(減量率)을 보면 배합비(配合比) 1:1에서 20.4% 1:3에서 25.1%, 1:5에서 56.8%, 1:7에서 72.2% 그리고 1:10에서 92.0%이므로 알카리의 작용(作用)에 의한 모르타르의 부식(腐蝕)은 산(酸)의 작용(作用)에 의한 부식(腐蝕)에 비(比)해서 극(極)히 적다는 것을 알 수 있다. 마. 보다 내고기성 모르타르를 만들기 위하여 배합비(配合比)를 1:7 또는 더 부배합(富配合)이고 흡수율(吸水率)은 5시간(時間) 자비(煮沸)하였을 때 20% 이하(以下) 밀도(密度)는 $1600kg/m^3$이상(以上) 그리고 사용수량(使用水量)은 시공연도(施工軟度)을 감안하여 수밀성(水密性)을 높이기 위하여 될 수록 소량(少量)으로서 더욱 장기양생(長期養生)이 요망(要望)되었다. 한편 내산성(耐酸性) 모르타르의 품질(品質)은 내고기성 모로타르가 되므로 콘크리트의 배합설계(配合設計)에서는 내산성(耐酸性)의 품질(品質)을 유지(維持) 또는 향상(向上)시킴으로써 알카리의 작용(作用)에 의(依)한 피해(被害)를 면(免)할 수 있다고 본다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.256-268
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• 2016

This article reviews the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering during 2015. It is intended to understand the status of current research in the areas of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and indoor environments of buildings and plant facilities. Conclusions are as follows. (1) The research works on the thermal and fluid engineering were carried out in the areas of flow, heat and mass transfer, cooling and heating, and air-conditioning, the renewable energy system and the flow inside building rooms. Research issues dealing with air-conditioning machines and fire and exhausting smoke were reduced. CFD seems to be spreading to more research areas. (2) Research works on heat transfer area were carried out in the categories of heat transfer characteristics, pool boiling and condensing heat transfer and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included the economic analysis of GHG emission, micro channel heat exchanger, effect of rib angle on thermal performance, the airside performance of fin-and-tube heat exchangers, theoretical analysis of a rotary heat exchanger, heat exchanger in a cryogenic environment, the performance of a cross-flow-type, indirect evaporative cooler made of paper/plastic film. In the area of pool boiling and condensing, the bubble jet loop heat pipe was studied. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, researches were performed on fin-tube heat exchanger, KSTAR PFC and vacuum vessel at baking phase, the performance of small-sized dehumidification rotor, design of gas-injection port of an asymmetric scroll compressor, effect of slot discharge-angle change on exhaust efficiency of range hood system with air curtain. (3) In the field of refrigeration, various studies were carried in the categories of refrigeration cycle, alternative refrigeration/energy system, system control. In the refrigeration cycle category, a cold-climate heat pump system, $CO_2$ cascade systems, ejector cycles and a PCM-based continuous heating system were investigated. In the alternative refrigeration/energy system category, a polymer adsorption heat pump, an alcohol absorption heat pump and a desiccant-based hybrid refrigeration system were investigated. In the system control category, turbo-refrigerator capacity controls and an absorption chiller fault diagnostics were investigated. (4) In building mechanical system research fields, eighteen studies were reported for achieving effective design of the mechanical systems, and also for maximizing the energy efficiency of buildings. The topics of the studies included energy performance, HVAC system, ventilation, and renewable energies, piping in the buildings. Proposed designs, performance tests using numerical methods and experiments provide useful information and key data which can improve the energy efficiency of the buildings. (5) The field of architectural environment was mostly focused on indoor environment and building energy. The main researches of indoor environment were related to the user and location awareness technology applied dimming lighting control system, the lighting performance evaluation for light-shelves, the improvement evaluation of air quality through analysis of ventilation efficiency and the evaluation of airtightness of sliding and LS window systems. The subjects of building energy were worked on the energy saving estimation of existing buildings, the developing model to predict heating energy usage in domestic city area and the performance evaluation of cooling applied with economizer control. The studies were also performed related to the experimental measurement of weight variation and thermal conductivity in polyurethane foam, the development of flame spread prevention system for sandwich panels, the utilization of heat from waste-incineration facility in large-scale horticultural facilities.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.116-126
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• 2013

Glycol ethers는 페인트에 흔히 사용되는 ethylene glycol의 alkyl ethers에 기반을 둔 용제들이다. 이 용제들은 일반적으로 저분자량 에테르와 알코올의 용제 친화적 성질과 더불어 더 높은 비등점을 가지고 있다. Union Carbide Corp.는 "Glycol ethers"를 하나의 미국 상표로 등록했으며, 이는 제약, 자외선차단제, 화장품, 잉크, 염료 및 수성페인트에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 반면 glycol ethers는 그리스 제거제, 세제, 에어로졸 페인트와 접착제에서도 발견된다. 대부분의 glycol ethers는 수용성, 생분해성이며, 아주 적은 수의 glycol ethers만이 유독성이라고 여겨진다. 그러므로 glycol ethers는 환경에 부작용을 낳을 것 같지는 않다. 최근 연구는 glycol ethers에 작업상 노출되는 것이 남성 정자의 저 운동성과 연관이 되어 있다고 제시했지만, 이는 다른 이들에 의해 반박되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 3가지 종류의 glycol ethers의 피부침투성에 관해 용제와 세제의 조합을 사용하여 시험관을 통해 연구한다. Methyl glycol ethers, ethyl glycol ethers and butyl glycol ethers의 흡수는 쥐의 피부를 통해 시험관에서 측정되었다. Epidermal membranes는 Franz diffusion cells에 세워졌으며, 그들의 PBS 침투율은 glycol ethers가 epidermal surface에 적용되기 전, 피부의 보전을 위해 처리하였다. 개별 glycol ethers의 흡수율은 최대 흡수 파장(${\lambda}_{max}$)에서 흡광도를 측정하여 결정하였으며, 침투율의 측정은 esters와의 접촉을 이유로 장벽 기능 내 불가역 변화를 정량화하였다. 시험관 실험 결과 glycol ethers의 종류는 methyl glycol ethers > ethyl glycol ethers > butyl glycol ethers의 순에 따라 빠르게 나타났다. 피부침투는 저분자량 피부침투, 친수성과 같은 화학적구조의 차이에서 유익했다. 이는 분배계수와 용해 방법 및 수동확산이 전달이 고려되는 곳에서 속도를 올렸기 때문이다.