• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.673-677
• /
• 2014

HX106N은 용안육, 맥문동, 단삼 및 천마 등의 4가지 식물로 구성된 추출물로서, 선행 연구에서 amyloid ${\beta}$ peptide에 의한 생쥐의 기억력 저하 및 산화 손상을 억제하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 연구에서는 HX106N이 비선택적 무스카린 수용체 길항제로 잘 알려진 스코폴라민(scopolamine)으로 유도한 콜린성 건망증(cholinergic amnesia)에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 평가하였다. ICR 생쥐에게 스코폴라민(1 mg/kg body weight, i.p.)을 주입하기 1시간 전에 HX106N(100 mg/kg body weight, p.o.)을 투여하였다. 30분 후 수행한 Y-미로 시험(Y-maze test) 및 수동 회피 시험(passive avoidance test)에서 HX106N는 스코폴라민에 의해 감소되는 자발적 변경 행동(spontaneous alternation) 및 지체시간(step-through latency)을 유의미하게 억제하여 건망증을 개선시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 HX106N을 투약 1시간 후 생쥐의 해마와 대뇌피질 부위의 아세틸콜린에스테라제(acetylcholinesterase; AChE)의 활성을 측정한 결과 통계적으로 유의미한 정도의 활성 감소가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과들을 종합할 때 HX106N은 AD에서 관찰되는 콜린성신경전달 장애로 인한 기억력 저하 억제에 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 가진 것으로 판단된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2006

Synaptic plasticity, which is a long lasting change in synaptic efficacy, underlies many neural processes like learning and memory. It has long been acknowledged that new protein synthesis is essential for both the expression of synaptic plasticity and memory formation and storage. Most of the research interests in this field have focused on the events regulating transcriptional activation of gene expression from the cell body and nucleus. Considering extremely differentiated structural feature of a neuron in CNS, a neuron should meet a formidable task to overcome spatial and temporal restraints to deliver newly synthesized proteins to specific activated synapses among thousands of others, which are sometimes several millimeters away from the cell body. Recent advances in synaptic neurobiology has found that almost all the machinery required for the new protein translation are localized inside or at least in the vicinity of postsynaptic compartments. These findings led to the hypothesis that dormant mRNAs are translationally activated locally at the activated synapse, which may enable rapid and delicate control of new protein synthesis at activated synapses. In this review, we will describe the mechanism of local translational control at activated synapses focusing on the role of cytoplasmic polyadenylation of dormant mRNAs.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.970-981
• /
• 2006

본 논문은 기존의 대본분석에 의해 등장인물의 정서를 규명하고 배우의 정서 기억 속에서 동일한 정서를 유도하는 방법을 사용했으나 배우 개인의 정서를 직접 끄집어내기가 쉽지 깎았으며, 그 과정에서 배우가 히스테리와 같은 과민한 심리상태에 빠지는 부작용이 나타났다. 이와 같은 문제점을 극복하고 보다 정서와 신체에 자유로움을 얻기 위한 연습 방법론으로 제시된 것이 바로 스타니슬랍스키의 3기 시스템인 <신체행동법>, <행동분석법>인 것이다. 이 실행방법을 통해 배우가 갖는 정서가 연기를 하기에 있어 편안하게 유도하는 장치를 규명하는데 이 논문의 목적이 있다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 1996

Aloe(Aloe vera LINNE) has been used as a home medicine for the past several thousand in the world, and has been studied on various chronic degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardiac infarction and hypertension. SMAP8, learning and memory impairment animal mode, were fed basic or experimental diets with 1.0% of freeze dried(FD)-Aloe powder for 8 months. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Aloe on body weight gain, grading score of senescence(GSS), triglyceride, total and LDL-cholesterol levels, and atherogenic index in serum of SAMP8, and also designed to investigate the effects of Aloe on cholesterol accumultions in mitochondria and microsome fractions of SAMP8 brain. Body weight gain was consistently lower in aloe group than in control group, but no significantly differences between them. Grading score of senescence resulted ina marked decreases pf 20% in 1.0% Aloe group compared with control group. Administrations of 1.0% aloe resulted ina marked decreases in 15% and 20% of triglyceride and cholesterol levels, respectively, and also significantly decreased in 15% of LDL-cholesterol levels and atherogenic index in serum of SAMP8 compared with control group. Cholesterol accumulations were significantly inhibited in 20% and 10% of mitochondria and microsome fractions of SAMP8 brain, respectively, by administration of 1.0% Aloe. These results suggest that administration of Aloe mau not only effectively inhibit chronic degenerative diseases in serum of SAMP8, but may also improve learning and memory impairments of SAMP8 brain.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2008

This paper is a research about the expression and characteristics of sense space by a phenomenological approach through body from an anthropocentric point of view. The phenomenological expression elements of sense space have been abstracted by putting the characteristics of body perception into shape through the phenomenological approach. This research aims to provide the expression and characteristics of sense space that can be applied by phenomenological elements of emotional expression, and analyze their application level by phenomenological body perception in space through corresponding examples. As a result of this research, the expressions of sense space approach - such as migration of moving lines, reiteration and segmentation of region, spatial flexibility, transferal of sense, stimulation of combined senses, symbolic abstraction of memory, perception of environment and space, time by light, phenomenal water space, time expression by surrounding environments etc. - and the characteristics of sense space according to each expression have been obtained through the phenomenological expression elements in sense space such as expansive perception by consecutive scenes, spatial and sensory experience, embodiment of place, phenomenal change by time. It aims to grope for a new approach and possibility to the embodiment and expression of sense space through the expression of sense space approach based on the phenomenological body perception.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.319-332
• /
• 2013

그동안 학습과 기억이 과거의 경험에 의해 구성된다는 측면이 강조되어왔으나, 최근의 연구들은 이들 인지과정이 미래의 보상물을 최대화하는 목표를 달성하기 위해 이루어짐을 조명하였다. 본 개관 논문은 이와 관련된 연구를 소개하고 목표지향적 학습과 기억에 대하여 논의하고자 한다. 먼저 강화 학습에서 내적 모형 기반 학습, 즉 상위 차원의 목표를 달성하기 위해 즉각적인 보상을 가져오지 않음에도 불구하고 특정한 행동을 취하는 과정이 이루어지고, 또한 직접적 강화를 받지 않은 대상으로의 일반화 및 유추가 일어나 미래의 적응적 행동을 가져옴을 보여준 연구들을 소개한다. 또한 위와 같은 목표지향적 학습 과정의 신경학적 기제를 탐색한 연구들을 개관하고, 선조체의 도파민 신호를 기반으로 한 과정이 기억 과정에 역시 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 논의한다. 특히, 기억이 과거의 경험을 모두 동일한 수준으로 부호화하고 인출하는 과정이 아니라, 상위 수준의 목표에 맞춘 의사결정과정의 결과임을 보여주는 연구들을 소개한다. 이러한 연구들은 미래에 얻게 될 보상 정보가 역향적으로 현재의 인지처리에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2014

Alzheimer's disease is progressive neurodegenerative disorder by the loss of memory and learning abilities. Codonopsis lanceolata (C. lanceolata) is traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of steamed C. lanceolata on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. In addition, this study investigated the neuroprotective effects of steamed C. lanceolata on glutamate-induced cell death in HT22 cells using MTT assay. The results showed that steamed C. lanceolata (500 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) reversed spatial memory impairment by scopolamine in Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. Steamed C. lanceolata attenuated memory impairment by scopolamine compared with common C. lanceolata. In addition, administration of steamed C. lanceolata significantly also reduced cell death. We suggest that steaming process more improve cognitive enhancing and neuroprotective effect of C. lanceolata than common C. lanceolata.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.252-257
• /
• 2005

Background: This study was designed to investigate the effect of exercise training on defense mechanism of chronic degenerative disease, aging, and memory impairments of senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM)P8 under the hypothesis that "Senile dementia may be prevented by regular exercises". Methods: To evaluate the effects of exercise training on the defense mechanism of aging and memory impairment, SAMP8 were divided into two groups, the control group and exercise training groups. the exercise training group were performed with low $(\dot{V}O_2max\;25{\sim}33%)$, middle ($\dot{V}O_2max$ 50%) and high $(\dot{V}O_2max\;66{\sim}75%)$ intensity exercise. All SAMP8 mice were fed experimental diet ad libitum until 4, 8 months, and dead period. Results: Median lifespan in middle exercise group resulted in a significantly increased (23.5% and 18.7%, respectively), whereas these lifespan in high exercise group resulted in an unexpectedly decreased (13.5% and 12.1%, respectively) compared with control group. Body fat levels in 4 and 8 months of age were significantly decreased 43% to 51% in middle exercise group, whereas were remarkably deceased to 57% in high exercise group compared with control group. It is believed that extended median and maximum lifespan may be effected by calory restriction through the exercise training. Acetylcholine (ACh) levels were significantly increased 6.7% and 8.5% in middle and high exercise groups, and also choline acetyltransfease (ChAT) activities were significantly increased 10.3% and 11.9% in middle and high exercise groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that proper and regular exercises such as middle group ($\dot{V}O_2max$ 50%) may play an effective role in attenuating an oxygen radicals and may play an important role in improving a learning and memory impairments of senile dementia.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2006

Objectives : It has been reported previously that the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis (known as Huang-Gum in Korean, henceforth referred to as S. baicalensis) could prevent neuronal cell death after global cerebral ischemia. In Genuine Korean medicine, S. baicalensis is known to relieve fever in upper body, and it was thus thought to be able to alleviate deteriorations in brain function. Methods : The protective effects of S. baicalensis against post-stroke memory retardation using 4-vessel occlusion model were examined in the present study. Results : S. baicalensis was shown to significantly alleviate the deficits in learning and memory by increasing the fraction of time spent in the quadrant in which the platform was initially placed ($34.9\;{\pm}\;3.2%$, p < 0.05) compared to that of the ischemia group ($28.0\;{\pm}\;2.5%$). The cytoprotective effect of S. baicalensis on CA1 hippocampal neurons was evaluated by measuring the neuronal cell density. Neuronal cell density in S. baicalensis extracts-treated ischemia group ($138.0\;{\pm}\;13.6\;cells/mm^2$) was significantly increased compared to saline-treated ischemia group ($22.1 \;{\pm}\;9.3\;cells/mm^2$, p < 0.05). In the study of OX-42 immunohistochemistry, S. baicalensis could decrease the micrgial activation in hippocampus after brain ischemia. Conclusion : These results may provide experimental support for the use of S. baicalensis in treating post-stroke memory impairment.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.46-56
• /
• 1990

Stress analysis of axi-symetric body with non-symetric loading and non-symetric given displacements is investigated in this paper using the finite element method. As the non-symetric load and non-symetric given displacements of axi-symetric body are generally periodic functions of angle .theta., the nodal forces and nodal displacements can be expanded in cosine and sine series, that is, Fourier series. Furthermore, using Euler's formula, the cosine and sine series can be converted into exponential series and it is prooved that the related calculus become more clear. Substituting the nodal displacements expanded in Fourier series into the strain components of cylindrical coordinates system, the element strains are expressed in series form and by the principal of virtual work, the element stiffness martix and element load vector are obtained for each order. It is also showed that if the non-symetric loads are even or odd functions of angle ${\theta}$ the stiffness matrix and load vector of the system are composed with only real numbers and relatively small capacity fo computer memory is enough for calculation.