• KIEAE Journal
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to calculate the size of unit space of the classroom in elementary school. The curriculum of Elementary school has changed since 1960. It has been reflected the architectural plan of classroom of the nationwide elementary school. However the Ministry of Education repealed the statute about the facilities of the schools on September in 1997 and the new education curriculum-the 7th curriculum-demands various activities in the classroom. So we need to another size of unit space of the classroom in elementary school because the size of unit space will affect the quality of education. This study represent that the size of unit plan is based on the size of human body, education curriculum, the number limit of classroom and teaching tools. It's generally known that a part of human body size has an invariable proportion with human's status. In this study, regression analysis is used to find out a part of the body-size of Korean. Through this analysis, status, age and weight remarkably relate with a part of human body-size. Then the size of unit plan of the classroom is calculated by the part of body-size and the type of desk arrangement.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1443-1454
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to classify body type of adult males into several kind of shape and to provide the characteristics of size of each group which has same shape. As the sample, subjects were 1290 males of 20 to 54 year-old. The procedure and results were follows; 1. As the result of the previous reserch, the front line of body was classified in X, H, Y and A types. 2. The principal component analysis was used to obtain the shape factor of the side line of the trunk. 9 factors in the side were extracted. As the result of the cluster analysis of factor scores, the side line of body was classified in 5 types. It was named X, A, Y and H type in the front and S, D1, d, I and D2 type in the side. 3. In order to consider the shape of body as a whole, the body shape of the front and side were compounded. The whole body shapes of adult male were very various, and 6 body shapes, XS, YS, Yd, YI, AD2 and HD1 were selected as the basic types. In each type of body, several groups were classified by size factor, height and chest girth and master size was selected considering appearance frequency.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 1986

To study the body trunk form which is essential to clothing constructions, necessary body sizes were measured indirect1y from 216 unmarried women from 19 to 24 years old by a photographic network method. The results are obtained as follow; 1) In this study of body type measurements, the four factors of bust, abdomen, column and hip size have been divided into four-stage intervals and given the body type codes 1, 2, 3 and 4, with 1 designating the size difference of the factor with the minimum size difference of the factor with the maximum size difference from waist size. These body type codes can be easily, linguistically interpreted. In this study, among $4^4=256$ possible body types, 54 types appeared frequently. These 54 types are integrated into 6 groups of types by clustering analysis. Representative types of each group are types 3333 and 2333 in group 1, 2233, 1233 and 1332 in group 2, 2222, 1222 and 1223 in group 3, 2223 in group 4, 2323 and 2322 in group 5, and 3323, 3223 and 3322 in group 6. In the types of groups 1, 2, and 3, the change is mainly in bust size, and in the types of group 4. is single type. In the types of group 5 the change is mainly in hip size, and in the types by groups 6 the change is mainly in abdomen size and hip size. 2) The analysis by measuring the four elements of body trunk in reference to waist size is scientific and grading of similar styles is possible in clothing construction. 3) Assuming that the human body is oval, using the calculating method, the size of girth, which cannot be measured by the indirect measuring method, is obtained approximate to actual size, with an error of ${\pm}2.8cm$.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2018

This study analyzed the body shape of the body of 17~19 years old female students using the SPSS 20.0 statistical program according to the 7th Korea Human Body Survey. Factor analysis was based on six factors including body size, body height, shoulder length, and width, upper body length, hip length, and shoulder inclination related factors. Through this cluster analysis, the body shape of late adolescent female student was classified into four types. Body type 1 was the highest body height factor, and the upper body length and the hip length factor were lower. It was analyzed as 'Long leg in the body'. Body type 2 is the 'narrow shoulder skinny type' with high hip and shoulder slope factors and low body size, body height, shoulder length, and width factor. Body type 3 showed body size, shoulder length, height and hip length factor, and body height factor was rather low 'low hip obese body shape'. Body type 4 was analyzed as 'lower shoulder long upper body type' with higher upper body length factor and lower body size and shoulder slope factor. It is thought that when the pattern is made, it is possible to produce excellent patterns by fitting the dimensions of the body, as well as the dimensions of the shoulder width, the slope, and the hip length.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.881-903
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• 2021

This study aimed to analyze adult men's body sizes and shapes and suggest size specifications to provide preliminary data to academia and industries. A total of 814 adult men aged 30-44 were selected from the 7th Size Korea data, and 55 direct upper body measurement and calculation items were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. In individual Individual differences, thickness, circumference, and width were high, and height and length were low. Height above the waist base line and shoulder dimension decreased in early 40s age group, while height below the waist base line declined as age increased. In addition, buttocks shape changes were found in early 40s age group. According to factor analysis, 'upper body and upper-extremity horizontal size', 'torso height and upper extremity length', 'shoulder dimension', 'upper body length' and 'shoulder angle' were derived. Using clustering analysis, four different body types were classified: i) big abdomen with flat chest, ii) slender with big, raised shoulders, iii) dwarfish with small, droopy shoulders, and iv) obese with large shoulders. 'Slender with big, raised shoulders' was a typical body shape among men aged 30-44. In older participants, the 'big abdomen with flat chest' ratio was low, while 'obese with large shoulders' was more common. This study proposed size specifications by body type considering the above characteristics.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.150-159
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• 2012

This study intend to analyze differences between 3D body scanning sizes and direct measurement sizes of same subjects. The subjects of study are female students of university in China. 3D data analyze as a 3D Body Measurement Soft System. The conclusion found is as below: In case of circumferences, error between direct-measurement size and 3D body scanning size is from 4.9mm to 62.2mm. The neck circumference size of directmeasurement is bigger than 3D body scanning size. The height error range is from 0.6mm to 51mm. Height of underbust, waist and hip are that direct-measurement sizes are higher than 3D body scanning sizes. Gap of width is from 3.8mm to 21.9mm. The gap range is too narrow relatively to others. Only direct-measurement size of neck width is wider than 3D body scanning size. Error range of length is from 0.3mm to 41.8mm. 3D body scanning sizes of lateral neck to waistline, upperarm length, arm length, neck shoulder point to breast point, shoulder center point to breast point, lateral shoulder to breast point are longer than direct-measurement sizes. They have a negative margin of error. I intend to set up same measurement point between direct-measurement and 3D body scanning but they have some errors because direct-measurement point is applied by a person. 3D body scanning measurement point is settled by automatic system. A measurement point of direct-measurement and 3D body scanning isn't unite. So we need to make a standard of setting up measurement points.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.575-581
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• 2018

생물의 몸 크기와 환경의 관계에 대해서는 오래전부터 현재까지 활발하게 진행되고 있는 연구의 한 분야이다. 최근까지도 생물의 크기와 서식지 환경과의 관계를 설명하는 생태지리학적 법칙 ecogeographic rule을 바탕으로 이를 규명하고자 하는 연구들이 다양한 동물 그룹을 대상으로 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 남한의 최남단에 위치한 섬 제주도에 서식하는 청개구리(Hyla japonica)를 대상으로 서식지 환경과 생물의 크기와의 관계를 확인하기 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 제주도 내에서 발견되는 청개구리 번식지 3개 지점(천지, 봉개, 애월)에서 연구가 진행되었다. 각 개체군의 SVL, HW, BW를 측정하였으며, 크기에 미치는 환경 요인을 분석하기 위해 고도, 경도, 위도, 연평균 기온, 연평균 강수량을 측정하였다. 연구결과, 지역에 따른 청개구리의 크기 차이는 뚜렷했으며, 애월 집단의 크기가 가장 컸고, 천지 집단이 가장 작았다. 청개구리 크기에 영향을 미치는 환경 요소는 고도가 가장 중요하게 나타났으며, SVL, HW, BW에서 뚜렷한 양의 상관관계를 보여주었다. 청개구리의 크기는 높은 고도로 갈수록 커졌으며, 이러한 경향성은 크기와 관련된 생물학적 법칙 중 하나인 베르그만의 룰에서의 설명과 일치하였다. 결론적으로 서식지의 환경은 청개구리의 크기에 영향을 줄 수 있으며, 지역에 따라 일정한 방향성을 가지며 나타남을 알 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.628-634
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• 2014

Data on age and body weight at breeding, parity, previous litter size, days open and some descriptive body linear traits from 389 meat-type, prolific Black Bengal goats in Tripura State of India, were collected for 3 and 1/2 years (2007 to 2010) and analyzed using logistic regression model. The objectives of the study were i) to evaluate the effect of age and body weight at breeding, parity, previous litter size and days open on litter size of does; and ii) to investigate if body linear type traits influenced litter size in meat-type, prolific goats. The incidence of 68.39% multiple births with a prolificacy rate of 175.07% was recorded. Higher age (>2.69 year), higher parity order (>2.31), more body weight at breeding (>20.5 kg) and larger previous litter size (>1.65) showed an increase likelihood of multiple litter size when compared to single litter size. There was a strong, positive relationship between litter size and various body linear type traits like neck length (>22.78 cm), body length (>54.86 cm), withers height (>48.85 cm), croup height (>50.67 cm), distance between tuber coxae bones (>11.38 cm) and distance between tuber ischii bones (>4.56 cm) for discriminating the goats bearing multiple fetuses from those bearing a single fetus.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.887-895
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• 2014

The study provides baseline data on developing ready-to-wear clothes for adult females in their twenties who have finished shaping their bodies and have realized an ideal shape. We analyzed the data from females aged from 20 to 29 in "The $5^{th}$ Size Korea Survey" and "The $6^{th}$ Size Korea Survey", and sorted body shapes into several types according to drop values before analyzing and comparing the characteristics among groups. We also referred to the change by year in the size of upper inner wear. To classify body shapes, three drop values were assigned for bust girth - waist girth, hip girth - waist girth, hip girth - bust girth; through cluster analysis all data were classified into three body types. Type 1 is more like normal body shapes with small drop values at the bust girth - waist girth and well-build lower body. Type 2 is X-shaped body shaped like a fiddle with big drop values at all parts. Type 3 is Y-shaped body with a big drop value at the bust girth - waist girth and well-build upper body. Type 2, X-shaped body, has the majority of distribution in every year, which proved to be the most idealistic body shape. There was a change in the brassiere cup size. Korean ladies in their twenties have larger breasts. The body shapes of Korean females in their twenties are increasingly like those of westerners. Bust girth is a very critical element to set measurements and design patterns for upper wear; consequently, a change in the size of breasts should be considered.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2004

In order to compare the pattern sizes of toddlers' brands, the apparel size #95 and #100, #110 were surveyed, while upper body lengths, bust circumferences and waists, hip circumferences, shoulder length, sleeve length, neck circumferences of toddlers' underwears were examined. As a result, it was found that upper body lengths, chest circumferences and lower body lengths of toddlers' underwears differed more or by $2.0cm{\sim}3.0cm$ among brands than other sizes. In case of underwear size #95, the average upper body length was 32.8cm; the upper body size of "c" brand was longest or 33.5cm, while that of "e" brand was shortest or 32.0cm. In case of size #80, the average upper body length was 36.0cm; the upper body size of "a" brand was longest or 37.0cm, while that of "e" brand was shortest of 35.0cm. Such findings may be attributable to the fact that the main customers of "a" and "b" brands whose pattern sizes are larger are middle or lower class people who tend to buy larger toddlers' apparels than their children's actual body sizes. In contrast, "e" brand seems to target the upper class who prefers the apparels almost fitting their children's actual body sizes.