• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.433-441
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• 2007

The bio-Sensors, which are sensing the vital signs of human bodies, are largely used by the medical equipment. Recently, the sensor network technology, which composes of the sensor interface for small-seize hardware, processor, the wireless communication module and battery in small sized hardware, has been extended to the area of bio-senor network systems due to the advances of the MEMS technology. In this paper we have suggested a design and implementation of a health care information system(called u-EMS) using a bio-sensor network technology that is a combination of the bio-sensor and the sensor network technology. In proposed system, we have used the following vital body sensors such as EKG sensor, the blood pressure sensor, the heart rate sensor, the pulse oximeter sensor and the glucose sensor. We have collected various vital sign data through the sensor network module and processed the data to implement a health care measurement system. Such measured data can be displayed by the wireless terminal(PDA, Cell phone) and the digital-frame display device. Finally, we have conducted a series of tests which considered both patient's vital sign and context-awared information in order to improve the effectiveness of the u-EMS.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.1077-1093
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• 2013

This paper proposes a new network coordinator node design to select the most suitable wireless technology for WBANs by using fuzzy logic. Its goal is to select a wireless communication technology available considering the user/application requirements and network conditions. A WBAN is composed of a set of sensors placed in, on, or around human body, which monitors the human body functions and the surrounding environment. In an effort to send sensor readings from human body to medical center or a station, a WBAN needs to stay connected to a local or a wide area network by using various wireless communication technologies. Nowadays, several wireless networking technologies may be utilized in WLANs and/or WANs each of which is capable of sending WBAN sensor readings to the desired destination. Therefore, choosing the best serving wireless communications technology has critical importance to provide quality of service support and cost efficient connections for WBAN users. In this work, we have developed, modeled, and simulated some networking scenarios utilizing our fuzzy logic-based NCN by using OPNET and MATLAB. Besides, we have compared our proposed fuzzy logic based algorithm with widely used RSSI-based AP selection algorithm. The results obtained from the simulations show that the proposed approach provides appropriate outcomes for both the WBAN users and the overall network.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.23-29
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• 2014

It is essential to investigate the structure and the main characteristics of BSN (Bio-Sensor Network) platform in built smart healthcare environment while designing healthy housing facilities. For this study, WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) data transmission technologies have been employed with medical sensors, and optimal medical devices would provide various Web 2.0 services by connecting to the WiBro network. The BSN platform normally recognizes in surroundings of WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) or WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network), and it is possible to manage sensor nodes by utilizing SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) and REST (REpresentational State Transfer). In addition, the feature of SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) for mobile gateway is also included for being adapted to huge network structure. Finally, BSN platform will play a role as important clues for developing personal WSN service models for smart healthy housing properties.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2018

E-Health allows you to supersede the central patient wireless healthcare system. Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBSN) is the first phase of the e-Health system. In this paper, we aim to understand e-Health architecture and configuration, and attempt to minimize energy consumption and latency in transmission routing protocols during restrictive latency in data delivery of WBSN phase. The goal is to concentrate on polling protocol to improve and optimize the routing time interval and schedule communication to reduce energy utilization. In this research, two types of network models routing protocols are proposed - elemental and clustering. The elemental model improves efficiency by using a polling protocol, and the clustering model is the extension of the elemental model that Destruct Supervised Decision Tree (DSDT) algorithm has been proposed to solve the time interval conflict transmission. The simulation study verifies that the proposed models deliver better performance than the existing BSN protocol for WBSN.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.1749-1754
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a new Intra-body communication system for bio-sensor which is one of applications in PAN(Personal Area Network) using body channel. The communication systems for bio-sensor network usually transmits a lot of data acquired in sensor to the receiver in wrist or waist. So we deign the intra-body modem with high data rate, low power, and small size which are achieved by baseband communication techniques. It is noted that the baseband transmission does not requires any analog IF and RF frontends, and can be operated in lower frequency than bandpass transmission. The proposed modem operates at 10MHz band according to the characteristics of intra-body channel, and shows the capability of 5Mbps data rate at distance of 20cm, with $BER=10^{-5}$. In addition, we implement the modem within $2{\times}2cm$ area.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.151-158
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• 2021

The main cause of ulcer is pressure, which starts to develop when the critical body pressure (32mmHg) is exceeded, and when the critical time elapses, ulcer occurs. In this study, the keyboard mechanism of the medical bed with 4 bar links was adopted, and each key can be controlled vertically. A key has one servo drive and one sensor controller which hasseveral body pressure sensors. The sensor controllers and the servo drives are connected to the main controller by two CAN (Car Are Network) in series, respectively. By reading the maximum body pressure value of each keyboard sensor, and by calculating the error value based on the critical body pressure, the fuzzy controller moves each key so that the total error becomes zero. If the fuzzy controller fails, then it prevents ulcer by lifting and lowering the keys of the bed alternatively within a short time. Thus, the controller operates in two-stage. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach have been verified through experiments.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.139-146
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• 2008

Wireless sensor network-related application system can perform functions such as environmental pollution monitoring, building control, home automation in future. In this paper, we present wireless sensor network based system for subway station in order to reduce the damage of the people and the subway station due to fire. Sensor nodes in this system can sense temperature, illumination, smoke, and human body in real time and detect the accident in the subway station. These real-time sensing and wireless networking minimize casualties and damage to property.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.361-368
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• 2007

Small size real-time ECG signal analysis function by QRS-complex detection was put into sensor nodes. Wireless sensor nodes attached on the patient’s body transmit ECG data continuously in normal u-healthcare system. So there are heavy communication traffics between sensor nodes and gateways. New developed platform for real-time analysis of ECG signals on sensor node can be used as an advanced diagnosis and alarming system for healthcare. Sensor node does not need to transmit ECG data all the time in wireless sensor network and to server PC via gateway. When sensor node detects suspicion or abnormality in ECG, then the ECG data in the network was transmitted to the server PC for further powerful analysis. This system can reduce data packet overload and save some power in wireless sensor network. It can also increase the server performance.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.58-63
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• 2008

It is essential to investigate the structure and the main characteristic of Home USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Network) technologies in built ubiquitous environment while designing bio-sensors. For this study, Thermistor elements and Thermopile black body have been selected to implement ubiquitous technologies for bio-sensors and wireless network such as WiBro has been used to transfer sensing data to the BSN (Bio-Sensor Network) gateway. It is certain that efficiency of ubiquitous space design is improved if main components of each specific sensor network are analyzed precisely in digital way and corresponding communication modules are prepared accordingly. Ubiquitous technology, in conclusion, has to be applied not only with systematical mechanism or electronic setting but in human-centered atmosphere as well, keeping with deep consideration for bio-housing service factors in eco-friendly surrounding.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.593-603
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• 2019

In wearable healthcare systems, sensor devices can be deployed in places around the human body such as the stomach, back, arms, and legs. The sensors use tiny batteries, which have limited resources, and old sensor batteries must be replaced with new batteries. It is difficult to deploy sensor devices directly into the human body. Therefore, instead of replacing sensor batteries, increasing the lifetime of sensor devices is more efficient. A transmission power control (TPC) algorithm is a representative technique to increase the lifetime of sensor devices. Sensor devices using a TPC algorithm control their transmission power level (TPL) to reduce battery energy consumption. The TPC algorithm operates on a closed-loop mechanism that consists of two parts, such as sensor and sink devices. Most previous research considered only the sink part of devices in the closed-loop. If we consider both the sensor and sink parts of a closed-loop mechanism, sensor devices reduce energy consumption more than previous systems that only consider the sensor part. In this paper, we propose a new approach to consider both the sensor and sink as part of a closed-loop mechanism for efficient energy management of sensor devices. Our proposed approach judges the current channel condition based on the values of various body sensors. If the current channel is not optimal, sensor devices maintain their current TPL without communication to save the sensor's batteries. Otherwise, they find an optimal TPL. To compare performance with other TPC algorithms, we implemented a TPC algorithm and embedded it into sensor devices. Our experimental results show that our new algorithm is better than other TPC algorithms, such as linear, binary, hybrid, and ATPC.