• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.849-854
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• 2007

Body fat proportion is a major issue in health. The prevalence of obesity in childhood has been increasing on thesedays. A series of indirect estimates of body fat have been developed. There are hydrodensitometry, BIA and anthropometry equation for body fat. Hydrodensitometry has been regarded as a common criterion method. BIA made it possible to analyze body fat mass more related to hydrodensitometry than anthropometry. The purpose of this unvestigation were to compare body fat and other body composition between boys & girls and to know which anthropometry equation for body fat was most closely associated with BIA in boys & girls respectively. The subjects were 148 4th grade elementary school students(male:70, female:78). They underwent BIA(InBody 3.0, Biospace Korea)to determine body fat and other body composition. Anthropometric measurements were taken of height, weight, skinfolds and circumferences. The results obtained are summarized as follow: 1) Weight, BMI and Rohrer index were $39.9{\pm}7.2kg$, $20.5{\pm}8.0$, $138.2{\pm}17.0$ for boys and $35.9{\pm}6.7kg$, $18.2{\pm}2.6$, $96.6{\pm}13.6$ for girls. 2) Total body fat and percent body fat determined by BIA were $10.3{\pm}4.3kg$, $25.4{\pm}6.6%$ for the boys group and $9.3{\pm}3.8kg$, $25.1{\pm}6.0%$ for girls. 3) Mean triceps skinfold thickness was $20.5{\pm}6.1mm$ in boys, $17.0{\pm}5.1mm$ in girls and mean WHR was $0.88{\pm}0.4$ in bodys, $0.82{\pm}0.4$ in female and the values were significantly different by sex. 4) Correlational nanlyses showed that estimation of body fat by BIA measurement seemed to be closely associated with Rohere index(boys r=0.854, girls r=0.909). Kim's equation was highly correlated with the body fat in girls(r=0.910) but less correlated in boys(r=0.710). We need to develop specific anthropometric equations based on age and sex to determine body fat for children.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to compare of adult body composition and body image before and after regular exercise program at a sports center. Method: The participants were 32 adults who were beginning regular exercise at a sports center in D city. The body composition was measured by body weight, soft lean mass, fat mass, percent body fat, fat distribution, degree of obesity and BMI, using the Inbody 3.0. Body image. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using paired t-test. Results: 1. Significant improvement was shown in body composition. 2. The score for body image increased after the program, but the change was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The short-term exercise program was very effective in improving body composition, but changes in the evaluation of body image need long-term exercise. Also, we were concluded that it is very important to consider preference level when evaluating body composition and body image.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.936-951
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• 1997

As fat consumption has increased in Korea , serum cholesterol concentrations have risen and the prevalence of atherosclerosis increased. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association among apolipoprotein E (Apo E) phenotypes, dietary fat consumption, plasma lipoprotein levels and fatty acid compositions of red blood cells in young healthy women. Seventy-one percent of participants had Apo E3/3, 14.9 percent had ApoE3/2 , 11.8% had Apo E4/3 and 1.2% had Apo E4.2. The subjects daily consumed approximately 1760kcal containing 29 energy % of fat. The ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat in a diet was 0. 73 . There were no significant differences of nutrient intakes according to Apo E phenotypes. Total cholesterol concentrations of subjects averaged approximately 160mg/dl , but 12 percent of them had over 200mg/dl, which is higher than the range recommended by the National Cholesterol Deucation Program. Notably, most subjects with 210mg/dl had Apo E4 isoforms. Subjects with Apo E4 isoforms had significantly higher total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations than those with Apo E3/2. Also subjects carrying Apo E4 isoforms tended to accumulated more fat in the body. Their BMI , WHR and arm fat area appeared to be how can arm fat area be greater no you mean grater, please check work vsage than subjects with Apo E3 isoforms, but not significantly. Fat intakes slightly influenced serum cholesterol levels. Myristic aicd intakes were positively correlated to serum total and LDL-choelsterol levels. Polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes were negatively correlated to serum total choelsterollevels. The results of 소냐 study suggest that , people with Apo E4 isoforms need to prevent the raising of serum total and LDL -cholesterol concentrations by reducing calorie and fat intakes and by maintaining a normal weight.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary therapy with Korean herbal medicine and cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture on change of body composition retrospectively. We analyzed the medical records of 26 patients, who carried out dietary therapy with Korean herbal medicine and cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture at Moemfit Clinic, Charmjin Oriental Medicine for 8-12 weeks. And exercise and nutrition were recommended self-developed food, Moemfit Shake, Moemfit Hankki and walking exercise for one hour a day. The body composition values (body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat area, percent body fat) decreased after dietary therapy with Korean herbal medicine and cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture significantly. But, percent skeletal muscle increased significantly. Results from this investigation showed that dietary therapy Korean with herbal medicine and cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture has positive effects on changes of body compositions.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.525-538
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to provide information on obesity assessment for Koreans. Among total of 1012 research papers enlisted in the Korean J Community Nutrition form 1996 to 2011, 248 articles were examined in which subjects were divided into more than 2 groups by obesity rate. About the method of anthropometric data collection, more than half of the research papers examined 52.5% and 28.7% of studies utilized the directly measured data and self-described data, respectively. About the utilization of obesity assessment methods, indirect methods of weight-height index (BMI, BMI percentile, and R$\ddot{o}$hrer index) and PIBW (WLR, Broca index, and KDA) were 62.4% and 23.2%, respectably, and the direct method of percent body fat assessment was only 9.3%. The most frequently utilized methods were WLR in under primary and primary school children, and BMI in the middle and high school students and in adults. For primary school students, WLR was the most frequently utilized method up to 2007, but it changed to BMI percentile afterward. Broca Index was no longer utilized since 2008. There were no articles utilizing BMI percentile and R$\ddot{o}$hrer index for obesity assessment in adults. Criteria for obesity assessment were not consistent among research papers: for example, % body fat, 19~40%; BMI, 20~30; BMI percentile, 85th or 95th. In the case of PIBW, 120% of ideal weight was the most frequently utilized criterion for obesity. Based on these findings, we suggest that proper methods and criteria of obesity assessment for each age group should be determined and proclaimed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.577-580
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• 1993

Six lactating crossbred cows and six Murrah buffaloes, maintained under similar conditions of feeding and management were studied for body composition by the antipyrine dilution technique. Measurements were made at the start of the experiment when the animals had completed about 50 days in lactation and thereafter at monthly intervals up to 90 days of the experimental period. The percent body water estimates in both species at different time intervals did not change significantly. Percent body fat and protein content also remained unchanged. The correlation coefficient between body composition parameters and various hormones (growth hormone, insulin, $T_3$ and $T_4$) were generally low and non-significant. It was concluded that body composition studies using body water are not sufficiently sensitive to predict changes in body composition of lactating cows and buffaloes and/or the changes in body composition during lactation are not very drastic.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.785-792
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional status before and after gastrectomy of gastric cancer patients in Jeonbuk Province. The subjects were 136 patients with gastrectomy of gastric cancer. We assessed the nutritional status before and after an operation by general characteristics (age, clinicopathological stage, type of operation, method of reconstruction), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, arm muscle circumference AMC, arm circumference AC) and biochemical characteristics (hemoglobin Hb, hematocrit Hct, mein corpuscular volume MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCH, total lymphocyte count TLC, serum albumin, serum transferrin). Mean ages were 60.0 yrs in males and 58.8 yrs in females. Age, clinicopathological stage, types of operation and reconstruction methods were not significantly different between males and females. Weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, BMI, percent body fat, AMC and AC significantly deteriorated by gastrectomy. There were severe weight losses in males and females after gastrectomy. Hemoglobin, Hct, MCV, MCH, TLC, albumin and transferrin significantly deteriorated by gastrectomy. After gastrectomy, subjects who were assessed as malnounrished in Hb and Hct were increased in male and those who were assessed as malnounrished in Hb were increased in females. These results suggest that a nutrition intervention, specially for energy, protein and iron, is necessary to improve the nutritional status of gastric cancer patients with gastrectomy.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.345-359
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• 1993

This study was conducted to identify the factors related to the blood pressure in school children. The study subjects were 144 boys and 140 girls aged 10 years old, 4th grade student of one elementary school in Taegu City. Blood pressure and 18 variables for 284 school children were measured in May 1992. A weight-for-height index, R$\ddot{o}$hrer index(weight/$height^3$) was calculated for each individual as a measure of obesity. Body fat percent, fat weight, and lean body mass were measured by impedance fat meter(Model SIF-891). Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, uric acid, total protein, and electrolyte were measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer(Hitachi 4020). Low-density lipoprotein and atherogenic index were calculated by the equation. The variables assessed were sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure. R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, body fat percent, body fat weight, lean body mass, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, uric acid, total protein, serum electrolyte and blood glucose. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures for boys were 104.1mmHg and 66.6mmHg and those for girls were 102.9mmHg and 67.5mmHg. Systolic blood pressure of boys was positively correlated with height, weight, R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, fat weight, lean body mass, and triglyceride. Systolic blood pressure of girls was positively correlated with height, weight, lean body mass, and uric acid. Diastolic blood pressure of boys was positively correlated with weight. R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, and lean body mass. Diastolic blood pressure of girls was positively correlated with height, weight, fat weight, and lean body mass and negatively with total serum protein. In multiple regression analysis for the systolic blood pressure, the significant independent variables were R$\ddot{o}$hrer index and serum sodium in boys, and serum uric acid, fat percent, and R$\ddot{o}$hrer index in girls. In multiple regression analysis of the diastolic blood pressure, the significant independent variables were R$\ddot{o}$hrer index in boys and total serum protein in girls. This study indicated that important factors influencing blood pressure in school children were R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, fat percent, serum sodium, uric acid, and total protein. R$\ddot{o}$hrer index was most important among these. It is recommended to enforce the nutritional education for diet control of obesity to prevent hypertention in children and to adopt healthy life-styles that promote good health and prevent development of cardiovascular risk factors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.533-546
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effect of breakfast regularity on eating habits, nutritional and health status in adult men and women. Also, eating habites and nutritional status expressed as percentage of recommended energy intake in IB(Irregular Breakfast group) were studied. Proportions of IB in men and women was 23.7% and 31.1%, respectively. In men, IB had irregular mealtime, overeating tendency. Also, they consumed high-fat meat and alcohol more frequently than RB (Regular Breakfast group). Total energy intake showed no significant difference between which two groups. Energy intakes from dinner and alcohol were higher in IB than in RB. Nutrient and food intakes were lower in IB than in RB. Percent body fat of IB was higher than that of RB. Weight, triglyceride and prevalence of fatty liver were higher in IB than in RB. In women, IB had irregular mealtime, and overeating tendency. Also, they had more frequent eating out and alcohol consumption. Total energy intake was lower in IB than in RB. In men, nutrient and food intakes were lower in IB than in RB. But health status showed no significant differences between two groups. In men, energy intakes from alchol and dinner were higher in +RDA group(percentage to recommended energy > 125%) than in other groups of IB. But energy intake from carbohydrate was lower in +RDA group. -RDA group (percentage to recommended energy < 75%) had Ca and vitamin A intake less than RDA. In women, +RDA group had overeating tendency. Also, they had more frequent eating out, high-fat meat, and alcohol consumption than other groups of IB. Energy intakes from dinner, snack and fat were higher in +RDA group. But -RDA group had protein and vitamin A intake less than RDA. From our study, it seemed that breakfast irregularity led to undesirable eating habits and had relation with increase of percent body fat. Breakfast regularity seemed to be very important to maintain a nutritional balance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.604-612
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of obesity and sarcopenia among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) patients in Korea. The current study recruited 75 patients with COPD who visited the department of respiratory medicine at J University Hospital in J-do. Height, body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured, and body composition, muscle strength, and flexibility were assessed. The levels of obesity were classified with body mass index(BMI), waist-hip circumference ratio(WHR) and percent body fat, and sarcopenia was classified with the value of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. In results, it was found that the level of obesity was very high as 43% by BMI, 88% by WHR, and 64% by percent body fat. The lower level of muscle strength was 15.50% in males and 23.50% in females. The lower level of muscle mass was 24.10% in males and .00% in females. Males who had one sarcopenia factors were 22.40%, and females were 23.50%, respectively. Males with sarcopenia were 6.90%, and females were .00%. In conclusion, regular resistance exercise is essential not only for the development of motor skills, but also for the normalization of skeletal muscle function and prevention of muscle dystrophy among COPD patients.