• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to provide the basic data for clothing construction of pre-school children by the result of the analyses and classifications of children's upper body somatotypes. The objects of this study are the bodies of 220 male pre-school children from 3 to 6 years old. The method of anthropometric measurement is the direct and photographic measurement. After analysing the measurements, 7 factors were extracted and the factors were applied to the cluster analysis. As the results, the 4 types were classified. Type 1 was characterized by the shortest and normal body one among these four types. This type showed the forward-curved back, the projected abdomen, and the fallen shoulders. Type 2 was characterized by the normal height and the fattest body type. Type 3 was characterized by the slimmest body and the shorter height type. Type 4 was characterized by the tallest and normal body with the rising shoulders.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.787-795
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• 2003

This research studied several somatotypes for children's upper bodies in order to suggest the basic data of bodice patterns of children's clothing. By extracting the component factors from the children's bodices, they were classified into several somatotypes to recognize an individual body type. Three hundred and fifty eight children's wears were estimated as research objects to analyze their somatotypes for the 44 items representing upper bodies through anthropometric measurement and photometric measurement. The results are as follows : 1. Seven factors were extracted as a result of factor analysis. 2. Data were classified into three types as a result of cluster analysis : Type 1 was characterized as low fat body, small skeleton size, and forward belly ; type 2 as high fat body, normal hight, backward shoulder, and the lowered shoulders ; type 3 as medium fat body, tall height, somewhat crouching back, and the rising shoulders. 3. As a results of the discrimination analysis for the three types, the highly discriminated items were height, width of bosom, front center length. weight, width of waist or the length of waist. One could discriminate one's own body type by obtaining the classification function from these five items.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.100-116
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was provide for the useful fundamental data by developing an lower appeal sizing system according to body types for early 20s Chinese women. The subjects were 348 women whose ages were between 19 and 24 to live in Beijing and Shanghai, China. Out of total, 341 women with no abnormal numbers were taken as the sample of research. This study was to characterize lower body type of the Chinese women in their early 20s by classifying them into groups according to drop measurement suggested by GB. This study investigated body types of the Chinese women in their early 20s depending upon regions (Beijing and Shanghai) according to each factor. This study made use of 46 kinds of indirect measures from June 23, 2004 to August 7, 2004. SPSS WIN 13.0 Program was used. And, correlation analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA(t-test and F-test) and duncan's multiple test, etc were done. The average of the early 20s Chinese women's stature is 160.0cm, waist circumference 66.4cm, hip circumference 89.8cm, weight 52.1kg. The result of analysis about the early 20s Chinese women's lower body size which are total 62 items come to 6 factors. The Chinese women in their early 20s were divided into 3 groups depending upon waist circumference and drops of hip circumference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.119-129
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate what an effect Meridian massage widely practiced in the skin and fatness clinics gives to the control of women's lower body fatness. 8 woman students in the J beauty school in Seoul were selected as experimental group. After measuring their femoral or thigh circumference, 4 weeks of Meridian massage was practiced. Another 8 women who were not included in the experiment were selected as the control group. As the results of 4 week Meridian control on lower body fatness, P value of the variance analysis was over 0.05, meaning that there was not a statistical significance. But the measurement of femoral or thigh circumference decreased from 55.85 cm to 53.34 cm, indicating that more often Meridian massage was practiced, the more lower body fatness decreased. This suggests that Meridian massage gives a positive effect to lower body fatness control. In a survey after the experiment, more than 88% of the survey participants answered that Meridian massage was effective to removal of edema, decrease in thigh circumference, and deep sleep, indicating that satisfaction with Meridian massage was high. Based on the findings of this study, it is necessary to study further on quantifying the effect of Meridian massage, which is practiced just to control lower body fatness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.495-509
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• 2021

The study investigated the effects of five commercial body shaping foundation items on clothing pressure, blood flow, body shaping effectiveness, and wearer satisfaction for middle-aged women. The study measured clothing pressure at each of the 10 designated measurement points for twelve subjects wearing the foundations. Blood flow changes were recorded and body shaping effectiveness was analyzed by comparing differences in girth when wearing and not wearing the foundations. The subjects rated wearer comfort along a 7-point Likert scale. The results were that clothing pressure was present at all measurement points, and all foundations placed the least pressure on the anterior underbust girth. In addition, clothing pressure was high in the order of the lateral, posterior, and anterior areas. As clothing pressure increased, blood flow and velocity decreased and overall wearer satisfaction was assessed to be less comfortable. Body shaping effectiveness was evident across all the items, as all decreased girth measurements significantly. In conclusion, the appropriate level of clothing pressure provided by experimental foundations which is positive for blood flow and has an excellent body shaping effect was found to be between 0.53 and 1.77 kPa.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.137-151
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• 2023

Stationary 3D whole-body scanners generally require 5 to 20 seconds of scanning time and cannot effectively detect armpit and crotch areas. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the accuracy of a photogrammetric technique using a multi-camera system. First, dimensional accuracy was analyzed using a mannequin scan, comparing the differences between the scan-derived measurements and the direct measurements, with an allowable tolerance of ISO 20685-1:2018. Only 2 of 59 measurement items (ankle height and upper arm circumference, specifically) exceeded the ISO 20685-1:2018 criteria. When compared with the results of the eight stationary whole-body scanners assessed by the literature, the photogrammetric technique was found to have the advantage of scanning the top of the head, armpit, and crotch areas clearly. Second, this study found the photogrammetric technique is suitable for obtaining the body scans because it can minimize the perform scanning, resulting in a reduction of measurement errors due to breathing and uncontrolled movements. The error rate of the photogrammetry method was much lower than that of stationary 3D whole-body scanners.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.233-253
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• 2024

This study analyzed differences between three-dimensional (3D) body scanning and manual measurements, aiming to assess whether 3D scanning can replace traditional anthropometric tools, such as tape measures and calipers. Data from 4,478 participants in the 8th Size Korea Project were analyzed, covering 43 measurement items. Since Given that the 3D and manual measurements were performed on the same subjects in the 8th Size Korea Project, it was possible to determine the correlation more accurately between the two measurement methods more accurately. Using Applying ISO 20685-1(2018) standards, 15 out of the 43 items fell within allowable error limits. When classified into six types, "small circumferences" and "segment lengths" showed averages of 3.35 mm and 3.10 mm, respectively, within acceptable range. "Body heights" and "body depths" slightly exceeded the limit, with averages of 5.28 mm and 6.58 mm. "Body widths" and "large circumferences" surpassed the limit, with means of 16.77 mm and 16.18 mm. The study offers an objective basis to for validate validating 3D measurements' measurements' reliability and accuracy, addressing various industries' needs for information on the human body's dimensions information.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of body types of adult woman under 155cm in height. To do this, direct measurement data showed that only 660 women aged 20~69 years old and under 155cm tall were classified, and their body type characteristics were analyzed. There are 51 body measurement items used in the analysis. The results of the study are as follows: As a result of the comparison of the body size of all adult women and women under 155cm, it was seen that short women were smaller than the all women, and were flattened with a slightly plump and bendless body. Factor analysis was performed to classify the body type of short women. Six factors including body size, body height, shoulder length and width, waist back length, hip length, and shoulder angle were measured. The results of cluster analysis, using factor scores, were classified into three types. Type 1 is taller among short women and slightly slimmer, and is an A-shape. Type 2 has the largest BMI and was the middle stature among short women It is the most obese body type and is an H-shape. Type 3 is short and plump, with a poor hip and is a Y-shape. As a result of crossover analysis, there was a difference in the body type characteristics of each age group. After all, the body type of the short adult women under 155cm was clearly different from those of all adult women, there was also a difference in the body type among short adult women.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.43-52
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• 2005

A two-dimensional posture measurement system was developed to evaluate the risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) easily on various conditions of work. The posture measurement system is an essential tool to analyze the workload for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Although several posture measurement systems have been developed for workload assessment, some restrictions in industry still exist because of its difficulty on measuring work postures. In this study, an image recognition algorithm was developed based on a neural network method to measure work posture. Each joint angle of human body was automatically measured from the recognized images through the algorithm, and the measurement system makes it possible to evaluate the risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders easily on various working conditions. The validation test on upper body postures was carried out to examine the accuracy of the measured joint angle data from the system, and the results showed good measuring performance for each joint angle. The differences between the joint angles measured directly and the angles measured by posture measurement software were not statistically significant. It is expected that the result help to properly estimate physical workload and can be used as a postural analysis system to evaluate the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in industry.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.574-581
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• 2000

A vertically-walled auto-body part is one of the most difficult stamping parts because of angle change, wall curl, and twisting of the blank after springback as well as fracture and wrinkle. In this study, computational simulations of the vertically-walled auto-body part are carried out focusing on angle change, wall curl, and twisting after springback. Binderwrap blank shape is used in forming analysis for precise initial contacts between punch and blank. An adaptive mesh method is used in springback analysis for precise calculation of bending moments. In springback analysis, the differences of 2 and 3 dimensional analysis are compared and the effects of blank holdig force and friction coefficient are evaluated. In order to verify the validity of simulation results, they are compared with measured ones. The predicted thickness distribution and formed shape are agreed well with those of the measurement. The Predicted springback amount is less than that of the measurement.