• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.373-390
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• 1992

To assay the fertilizing capacity of domestic animal spermatozoa by hamster test, semen were collected from 13 boars(Duroc. Landrace and Yorkshire) which had been proved to be fertile in the past. then, were preserved in BWW medium or in raw state at 18$^{\circ}C$ or at room temperature. The preserved semen were given each different treatment according to the experimental design and coincubated with zona-free hamster ova for 5 hours. The ova were stained by lacmoid and examined under phase contrast microscope to investigate the rates of ova bound with sperm(sperm binding). ova penetrated by sperm(penetration) and formation of a male pronucleus(pronucleus formation) and also numbers of both bound and penetrated sperm per ovum. Between BWW and TBM medium for boar sperm. no difference in the results of hamster test was obtained. The boar spermatozoa in BWW medium, BWW with caffeine, BWW with heparin, and BWW with both caffeine and heparin showed no difference in the results of hamster test. The boar spermatozoa in BWW medium containing both calcium and RSA showed considerably higher rates of sperm binding, penetration and pronucleus formation as well as higher numbers of both bound and penetrated sperm than those not containing calcium with or without BSA( p<0.01) and also the same results higher than that containing calcium without BSA( p< 0.05). The boar spermatozoa irradiated by X-ray(70 KVP, 20mA) for 3 seconds. then, maintained at 18$^{\circ}C$ for 18 hours showed considerably lower rate of sperm binding than all the other groups including the control and X-ray groups irradiated by smaller dose or maintained for shorter period(p<0.01), and also showed lower number of bound sperm than the other groups(p<0.01, p<0.05). All the control groups of both raw and diluted sperm in BWM medium showed higher rates of sperm binding, penetration and pronucleus formation as well as higher number of penetrated sperm than all the X-ray groups irradiated for 3 seconds(70KVP, 20mA) and maintained for either 3 or 18 hours (p<0.01, p<0.05). At the same time the control groups of diluted sperm showed considerably higher rates of sperm penetration and pronucleus formation than the control group of raw sperm( p<0.01). These results indicates that fertile boar sperm showed considerably lower rates In the results of hamster test, when incubated in the medium without calcium and irradiated by X-ray than when incubated in the medium with calcium and not irradiated by X-ray, respectively, to prove consequently that hamster test would be of great value in assaying the fertilizing capacity of boar spermatozoa.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.807-816
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• 2011

The present study evaluated the difference in objective and subjective meat quality properties among the pure-breed boars of Duroc, Berkshire and Yorkshire. Ten longissimus lumborum (LD) muscles were collected from each breed after 24 h slaughtering. The breed type showed a significant effect on intramuscular fat content, moisture (p<0.01), pH, sarcoplasmic protein solubility and color (p<0.05), whereas cooking loss and Warner Blazer shear force (WBsf) did not differ among the breeds. The Yorkshire breed showed significant (p<0.05) lower sarcoplasmic protein solubility, pH and CIE $a^*$ value when compared with other breeds. The sensory panels identified Duroc as having greater overall acceptability and higher rating values than other breeds. The oleic acid content was significantly lower in the Berkshire (29.85 %) than in the Duroc (40.19 %) and Yorkshire breeds (38.18 %, p<0.05). The Yorkshire breed showed the most desirable ratio of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (0.31) than the Berkshire (0.16) and Duroc breeds (0.15, p<0.05). 40 volatile compounds have been identified and quantified, while aldehydes were the most abundant among flavor substances. Aldehydes were negatively correlated with oleic acid content (p<0.05). Current data indicated that each breed had their own merits and deficiencies in terms of meat qualityThe Yorkshire breed showed a greater number of weak points. Furthermore, this study indicated that individual fat-driven flavor components were greatly influenced by fatty acid composition. The polyunsaturated fatty acids did not show any negative effects on meat flavor if cooked meats were consumed soon after cooking.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1417-1425
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• 2014

The selection of morphologically normal spermatozoa is critical to obtain high breeding performances in boar breeding farms and artificial insemination (AI) centers. Parameters for the selection of semen mainly include total sperm motility, concentration, and morphology. However, these primary parameters are often not reliable for discriminating between normal and abnormal, non-fertilizable spermatozoa. The present study was designed to compare the motion characteristics, fertilization ability using in vitro fertilization (IVF), and acrosome formation of the semen from boars having low (boar number 2012) and normal (boar number 2004 and 2023) breeding performances. The ultimate goal was to identify additional simple and easy criteria for the selection of normal sperm. There was no significant difference between boar 2004 and boar 2023 sperm total motility in computer assisted sperm analysis. However, boar number 2012 semen presented a significantly reduced population of rapid moving spermatozoa and an increased population of slow moving spermatozoa compared to boar numbers 2004 and 2023. Analysis of detailed motion characteristics revealed that sperm from boar number 2012 had significantly reduced motility in progressiveness, average path velocity, straight-line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straightness, and linearity. The assessment of the fertilizing ability by IVF also showed that sperm from boar number 2012 showed a fertility rate of 3.4%, whereas sperm from boar number 2023 had a fertility rate of 75.45%. Interestingly, most of the sperm nuclei were found on the peripheral area of the oocytes, suggesting that the sperm from boar number 2012 lacked penetration ability into the oocyte zonapellucida. The acrosome formation analysis using Pisum sativum agglutinin staining demonstrated that the sperm from boar number 2012 had a defect in acrosome formation. Consequently, primary parameters for selecting semen before AI such as motility are not sufficient to select normal and fertilizable spermatozoa. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the acrosome staining and detailed motion characteristics such as progressiveness, VCL, and VSL should be included in determining semen quality together with primary parameters for successful AI and high breeding performance in the swine industry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1763-1772
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of constant high ambient temperatures on meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and carnosine expression in longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing pigs. Castrated 24 male DLY (crossbreeds between Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire sows and Duroc boars) pigs were allocated to one of three treatments: constant ambient temperature at $22^{\circ}C$ and ad libitum feeding (CON, n = 8); constant high ambient temperature at $30^{\circ}C$ and ad libitum feeding (H30, n = 8); and constant ambient temperature at $22^{\circ}C$ and pair-fed with H30 (PF, n = 8). Meat quality, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant capacity, carnosine content, and carnosine synthetase (CARNS1) mRNA expression in longissimus dorsi muscle were measured after three weeks. The results revealed that H30 had lower $pH_{24h}$, redness at 45 min, and yellowness at 24 h post-mortem (p<0.05), and higher drip loss at 48 h and lightness at 24 h post-mortem (p<0.01). Constant heat stress disrupted the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in longissimus dorsi muscle with higher MDA content (p<0.01) and lower antioxidant capacity (p<0.01). Carnosine content and CARNS1 mRNA expression in longissimus dorsi muscle of H30 pigs were significantly decreased (p<0.01) after three weeks at $30^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, constant high ambient temperatures affect meat quality and antioxidant capacity negatively, and the reduction of muscle carnosine content is one of the probable reasons.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.320-327
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this research was to estimate genetic correlations between number of piglets born alive in the first parity (NBA1), litter birth weight in the first parity (LTBW1), number of piglets weaned in the first parity (NPW1), litter weaning weight in the first parity (LTWW1), number of piglets born alive from second to last parity (NBA2+), litter birth weight from second to last parity (LTBW2+), number of piglets weaned from second to last parity (NPW2+) and litter weaning weight from second to last parity (LTWW2+), and to identify the percentages of animals (the top 10%, 25%, and 50%) for first parity and sums of second and later parity traits. Methods: The 9,830 records consisted of 2,124 Landrace (L), 724 Yorkshire (Y), 2,650 LY, and 4,332 YL that had their first farrowing between July 1989 and December 2013. The 8-trait animal model included the fixed effects of first farrowing year-season, additive genetic group, heterosis of the sow and the litter, age at first farrowing, and days to weaning (NPW1, LTWW1, NPW2+, and LTWW2+). Random effects were animal and residual. Results: Heritability estimates ranged from $0.08{\pm}0.02$ (NBA1 and NPW1) to $0.29{\pm}0.02$ (NPW2+). Genetic correlations between reproduction traits in the first parity and from second to last parity ranged from $0.17{\pm}0.08$ (LTBW1 and LTBW2+) to $0.67{\pm}0.06$ (LTWW1 and LTWW2+). Phenotypic correlations between reproduction traits in the first parity and from second to last parity were close to zero. Rank correlations between LTWW1 and LTWW2+ estimated breeding value tended to be higher than for other pairs of traits across all replacement percentages. Conclusion: These rank correlations indicated that selecting boars and sows using genetic predictions for first parity reproduction traits would help improve reproduction traits in the second and later parities as well as lifetime productivity in this swine population.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.480-488
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• 2018

Objective: Average daily gain (ADG) is an important target trait of pig breeding programs. We aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genomic regions that are associated with ADG in the Duroc pig population. Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study involving 390 Duroc boars and by using the PorcineSNP60K Beadchip and two linear models. Results: After quality control, we detected 3,5971 SNPs, which included seven SNPs that are significantly associated with the ADG of pigs. We identified six quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions for ADG. These QTLs included four previously reported QTLs on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 1, SSC5, SSC9, and SSC13, as well as two novel QTLs on SSC6 and SSC16. In addition, we selected six candidate genes (general transcription factor 3C polypeptide 5, high mobility group AT-hook 2, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1, pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G4B, and ENSSSCG00000031548) associated with ADG on the basis of their physiological roles and positional information. These candidate genes are involved in skeletal muscle cell differentiation, diet-induced obesity, and nervous system development. Conclusion: This study contributes to the identification of the casual mutation that underlies QTLs associated with ADG and to future pig breeding programs based on marker-assisted selection. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the identified candidate genes in the physiological processes involved in ADG regulation.

• 환경생물
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2007

산악형 국립공원지역 내에서 일부 야생동물종이 빠르게 증식하고 있다. 규모가 작고 공원 내 1/3이상의 면적이 사유지인 우리나라 국립공원의 특성상 서식동물수의 증가와 함께 이로 인한 농작물 피해도 함께 급증하고 있다. 농작물에 가장 많은 피해를 주는 위해조수종은 멧돼지 (Sus scrofa)인 것으로 조사되었으며 농작물 채식, 농경지 밟음 등이 대표적인 피해유형으로 나타났다. 이외 고라니 (Hydropotes inermis), 너구리 (Nyctereutes procyonoides), 오소리 (Meles meles)등에 의한 피해도 조사되었다. 대부분의 피해작물은 옥수수, 고구마, 배추 등의 밭작물로서 전체 피해작물의 76.9%에 이르고 있다. 야생동물에 의한 피해는 매년 6월경부터 시작되어 11월까지 계속되었으며 이는 산림 내에서 구할 수 있는 먹이원의 수급현황 및 기후조건과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 피해방제에 대한 자구책으로는 경작지 곳곳에 기피제를 설치하는 방법을 많이 사용하고 있으며 (n=54) 발성체 및 허수아비 등을 설치하는 경우가 있었으나 실제 효과는 극히 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 전체 조사가구의 92.4% (n=187)가 경작면적 1ha이하의 텃밭 수준의 소규모 영농을 하고 있으며 일부 농민들을 제외하고는 피해발생에 대한 민원은 거의 없었다. 이는 야생동물 피해에 대한 법적 제도적 보상체계가 미비되어 있음에 기인하며 객관적인 피해현황 분석기법의 확립과 이를 통한 보상대책과 관리방안이 시급히 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.525-536
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• 2004

본 연구는 돼지의 염색체 7번에 존재하는 주요 경제형질에 관여하는 양적형질 유전자좌위(Quantitative trait loci; QTL)를 밝히기 위해 초성위체 표지인자를 이용하여 유전자지도(연관지도) 작성을 수행하였다. 기준집단의 조성은 이형접합성이 높은 기준집단을 조성하기 위하여 유전적 특성이 현격히 다른 우리나라의 재래돼지와 Landrace를 전형매 교배하여 생산된 $F_2$ 183두를 사용하였으며 기준집단에 대해 도축 24시간 후의 pH, 육색, 육즙손실량, 전단력, 가열감량, 조지방, 조회분, 수분, 조단백질 등 육질형질을 조사 및 분석하였다. 염색체 7번의 연관지도는 총 23개의 표지인자로 작성되었으며 암수평균 연관지도 길이는 154.6 cM 이었으며 수컷과 암컷의 연관지도 길이는 각각 169.2 cM과 141.4 cM로 수컷의 연관지도 길이가 암컷의 것보다 27.8 cM 더 길었다. 표지인자간의 최소간격은 SW175와 S0066 표지인자사이로 1.6 cM이었고, 최대간격은 SW2002와 SWR773표지인자사이로서 15.9 cM이었으며 평균간격은 7.02 cM이었다. 본 연구에서는 9개의 육질관련 형질 중 육색과 연관된 2개의 QTL이 확인되었는데 적색도(CIE-a)와 연관된 QTL은 45 cM 영역에서 1% 수준의 통계적 유의성을 나타내었고(Fig. 2), 이 영역에서 불과 3${\sim}$4 cM 떨어진 위치에서 황색도(CIE-b)와 연관된 QTL이 확인되었다. 향후에 본 연구에서 탐색된 QTL 영역에 대하여 고밀도의 유전자 지도 작성을 통하여 특정 형질과 연관된 부분을 계속해서 추적해 나간다면 육색형질을 조절하는 주유전자의 클로닝 및 특성 구명이 가능할 것으로 사료되며 궁극적으로는 돼지의 개량에 효율적으로 활용할 수 있는 표지인자(MAS)의 개발 등도 가능 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.193-197
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• 1986

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 임신말기(姙娠末期) 및 초기포유기간(初期哺乳期間)의 모돈(母豚)에 아미노산 킬레이트 철분제(鐵分齊)를 급여(給與)함으로써 자돈(仔豚)에게 철분제(鐵分劑)를 경구투여(經口投與)하거나 주사(注射)하지 않고 자돈(仔豚)의 철분결핍성(鐵分缺乏性) 빈혈(貧血)을 예방(豫防)할 수 있는 지를 구명(究明)하기 위해서 모돈(母豚) 20두(頭)를 가지고 4처리(處理)로 나누어 실시(實施)한 바, 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생시체중(生時體重)은 각(各) 처리군(處理群)들 간(間)에 차이(差異)가 없었으나, 15일령(日齡)의 체중(體重)에서는 킬레이트 철분급여군(鐵分給與群)이 제일 무거웠고, 35일령(日齡)의 체중(體重)에서는 대조군(對照群)이 제일 가벼웠다. 2. 이유시(離乳時) 생존율(生存率)은 각(各) 처리군(處理群)들 간(間)에 차이(差異)를 인정(認定)할 수 없었다. 3. 헤모그로빈, 적혈구(赤血球) 및 헤마토크리트의 수준(水準)은 출산시(出生時)와 15일령(日齡)에서 킬레이트 직분(織分) 급여군(給與群)이 대조군(對照群)에 의하여 높은 수준(水準)을 보였으며(p<.05) 35일령(日齡) 이유시(離乳時)에는 각(各) 처리군(處理群)들 간(間)에 차이(差異)가 없었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2001

돼지에서 액상정액을 이용한 인공수정이 번식성적에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 축산기술연구소 종축개량부 (충남, 성환) 돼지 인공수정센터에서 사육중인 인공수정용 종모돈을 이용하여 1995년부터 2000년까지 액상정액을 이용한 인공수정시 종모돈의 품종, 인공수정 횟수, 계절 및 정자농도가 번식성적에 마치는 영향을 조사하여 돼지 인공수정시 번식성적 향상과 실용화에 기여하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 액상정액 인공수정시 정액을 생산한 종모돈의 품종 (Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc)간 번식성적은 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 발정당 2회 또는 3회 인공수정 시에도 번식성적에 차이가 없었다. 인공수정을 실시한 계절별로 번식성적을 조사하였으나 계절간 차이점은 발견할 수 없었다. 액상정액 인공수정시 1회 주입정자의 최저농도를 구명코자 활력 70% 이상인 정자수를 기준으로 80 ml 병당 정자농도를 3.0, 2.5, 2.0 및 $1.5{\times}10^9$로 조절하여 인공수정한 결과 수태 율, 분만 율, 총산자수 및 생존산자수에서 통계적인 유의차가 인정되지 않아 1회 주입정자농도는 운동성 정자 기준으로 $1.5{\times}10^9/80ml$ 이상으로 조절하면 인공수정에 실용적으로 사용할 수 있음을 보였다.