• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.199-213
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• 1967

Circulatory and respiratory activities were observed in men exposed to the environment of engine room of a cruising Republic of Korea Navy ship and compared to the control values obtained in an ordinary laboratory room on land. The environment of an engine room of cruising navy ship was presumed to be a multiple stress acting on men. The environment of the engine room included high temperature $(35-42^{\circ}C)$, low relative humidity (20-38% saturation), vibration (about 7 cycles per second), rolling and pitching of ship and noises. Sixteen men were divided into two groups consisted of each 8 subjects. Subjects of sea duty group had experience of continuous on board duty averaging 3.5 years. Men of land duty group had no experience of on board activity. On land observations were made on one day prior to the boarding and leaving the port and four days after landing. In between observations in the engine room were made on the first, 5 th, 9 th, 12 th, and 14 th day of on board activity. The whole experimental period lasted for 20 days. Measurements on circulatory and respiratory parameters were at standing resting state (after 30 minutes standing in the case of on land study and 15 minutes in engine room study) and within one minute after cessation of on the spot running of which rhythm was 30/min. and lasted for 5 minutes. Oxygen consumption and pulmonary function test were done in the period of two minutes from the 3rd to 5th minutes of running. The following results were obtained. 1. Body temperature showed no change regardless of group difference or on land or on board measurements. 2. Pulse rate increased markedly after boarding the ship id both groups. Pulse rate increased from the first day on board at rest and after exercise as compared to the on land control value. This increase in pulse rate was more marked after exercise. Sea duty group showed less increase in pulse rate at rest than the land duty group. Standing and resting pulse rate of sea duty group on lam was 81 and increased to 87 at the 5th day on board and remained smaller than the land duty group throughout the period on board. Control standing and resting pulse rate of land duty group on land was 76 and reached 89 at the 9th day on board and thereafter decreased a little. Pulse rate of land duty group at rest on board remained greater than that of sea duty group throughout the period on board. 3. Systolic blood pressure of sea duty group increased after boarding the ship and remained higher than the control value on land. In the land duty group, however, systolic blood pressure decreased during the period on board the ship. Diastolic blood pressure decreased in both groups. 4. Resting breathing rate of land duty group increased and remained higher than the control value on land. In sea duty group, however, resting breathing rate showed a transient increase on the 1st day on board and decreased thereafter to the control value on land and kept the same level throughout the period of cruise. Absolute value of breathing rate in the sea duty group was greater than the land duty group both at rest and after exercise. 5. There was a lowering of breathing efficiency in both groups. Thus, increases in tidal volume and minute ventilation volume and decreases in maximum breathing capacity, vital capacity, capacity ratio and air velocity Index were observed after boarding the ship. An increase in ventilation equivalent was also observed in both groups. The lowering of breathing efficiency was more marked in the land duty group than the sea duty group. 6. Energy expediture increased in both groups during their stay on the ship and was more marked in the sea duty group. 7, Lactate concentration in venous blood at rest and after exercise increased after boarding the ship and no group difference was observed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.23-75
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• 1995

A major change occuring in the workplace is the willingness of union leaders, managers, and workers to experiment with various work schedules and to work toward the improvement in the QWL(quality of work life). In this study, the writer measures the level of QWL, embodies components of QWL, testifies the difference of QWL according to the demographical traits, and develops some scales to measure QWL in merchant ships. To achieve objectives of the paper, 11 hypotheses were established and a questionnaire was used, 894 proper data was obtained from 2, 910 Korean seamen working in merchant ships. Results of analyses are as follows : 1) The components of QWL in merchant ships are job, employee satisfaction, wage, welfare, working condition, supervise, colleague relations, initiative, and organization management. 2) Seamen of merchant ships are satisfied with job, supervise, colleague relations, and organization management. They are dissatisfied employee satisfaction, wage, welfare, and working condition. 3) According to demographical traits, the number of the factors significant difference(P<0.05) among components of QWL are 9 for type of ships, 8 ages of seamen, 7 for married or single, nationality of ships, and education level respectively, 5 for seamen career, for 4 rank on board and trading route of ships respectively, 2 for whether union or not and whether union involvement or not respectively, and 1 for department on board. 4) Results which tested hypotheses are as follows : For the components of QWL, married men are more satisfactory than an unmarried men, officers are more dissatisfactory than ratings, old men are more satisfactory than young men, men in high education level are more dissatisfactory than men in low education level, those who are much careers as a seaman are more satisfactory than those who are little careers as a seaman. There are significant differences in the components of QWL according to nationality and type of ships. There are insignificant differences in the components of QWL according to the shipboard department, whether union is or not, whether union involvement is or not, and trading route of ships.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.4 s.152
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• pp.582-594
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• 2006

The purpose of this study were to develop snow-board lower wear with improved functionality. The study consisted of figure out appropriate ease amount of snow-board lower wear and make products by applying it to pattern design. The results of this study were as follows: On the basis of the analysis of snow-board lower wear on market, 2 pieces of experimental snowboard lower wear were designed, produced, and evaluated the patterns of with different ease, and snowboard lower B for experiment was proved to be better. Snowboard lower wear was produced and evaluated for experiment 2 by giving additional ease to specific parts. Therefore experiment 2 was presented pattern, ease, and size of snowboard lower wear with improved functionality. Sizes and ease of snow-board lower wear for presentation. waist circumference - 96.0cm(l6.4cm, 17.1%); hip circumference - 127.0cm(31.3cm, 24.4%); pants length - 112.0cm(9.6cm, 8.6%); crotch length - 90.0cm(26.8cm, 36.4%); thigh circumference - 78.0cm(23.4cm, 30.0%); knee circumference - 62.0cm(24.7cm, 39.8%); turnup circumference - 62.0cm(36.0cm, 58.1%). Above mentioned sizes and ease of lower wear are medium size(M) for male.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop the sizing system for men's glove. The combination of anthropometric and engineering aspects of glove pattern-making is difficult problem in engineering clothing. And the traditional measurements is not enough for glove. Therefore, to develop the hand measurement method and dimension for glove, a comprehensive list of candidate measurements was reviewed and the manufacturers (Their career was over the 15years) were interviewed on the method of glove pattern-making. This study was conducted traditional and creative 88 two-dimensional anthropometric measurements and 4 photometric measurements for glove pattern-making. In addition, 16 creative measurements were instrumented using a special hand measuring board for measuring of landmark locations on the hand. The subjects were 260 men's right hand in the age group of 18 to 35 years old in korea.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.684-691
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• 2006

Abdominal obesity (AO) is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which has shown a remarkable increase in Korea. This study aimed to identify prevalence of AO and related risk factors in Korean adults. A total of 5,132 men and women aged 20-85 years old from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in the analyses. AO was defined as waist circumference >=90 cm in men and >=85 cm in women as proposed by Korean Society of Obesity. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to identify risk factors for AO. Three models were specified: (i) demographic and socioeconomic factors (model 1: age, education, poverty income ratio, employment), (ii) lifestyle factors and covariates (model 2: physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary quality, type 2 diabetes, co-morbidity) and (iii) demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors (model 3). The prevalence of AO was 24.1 % in men, 23.5% in women. High poverty income ratio in men and low education attainment in women were risk factors for AO in model. 1. There was a significant association of AO with alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and dietary quality in men, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking in women. These factors except alcohol consumption in men became insignificant in model 3. This findings underscore the importance of developing AO prevention programs in Korea that target the at risk groups identified in this study. A program focusing on low income men or less educated women would be more efficient.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2001

To investigate the total cholesterol level and its related factors in the rural and sea-board, 2,840 adults who participated voluntarily were examined during the study period December 1999 to February 2000. The height, weight, and fasting serum total cholesterol were measured. Body mass index was calculated. Information on age, gender, smoking, alcohol, and menopausal status in women were collected using a questionnaire by interviewing method. The mean value of total cholesterol was 191.6mg/ dl in sea- board and 173.6mg/ dl in rural men, respectively, and 206.9mg/ dl and 186.9mg/ dl in sea-board and in rural women. By simple analysis, in men, area, BMI and smoking were significant risk factors(p<0.01). Area(p<0.01), age(p<0.01), BMI(p<0.01), smoking(p<0.05), and menopausal status (p<0.01) were significant. In multiple linear regression analysis, the significant factors for total cholesterol in men were area(sea-board versus rural area; p<0.01), body mass index(the more obese; p<0.01), and smoking (non-smoker versus smoker ; p<0.05). Those in women were area(sea-board versus rural area; p<0.01), body mass index(the more obese; p<0.01), and menopausal status(menopause versus normal; p<0.01). Thus, in both gender, the significant factors related with total cholesterol were area and body mass index, and in addition to those, menopausal status was proved as a significant risk factor in women.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 1986

The height of pillow was investigated from the ergonomics standpoint. The main concern of this research was to investigated the appropriate height of the pillow in lying on one's side. The infestigation in this study was administered to a sample of forty men who were similar to Korean standard body-build. The experiment was conducted under the awakening state. The experimental method was performed using ; 1) Sensuous test 2)Electromyogram survey 3) X-ray observation Sensuous test was performed using both a plain wood board and a slope wood board by jack to objectify. RESULTS : 1) By sensuous test, the height of pillow for the most comfortable state turned up 9.4±1.1cm in lying on one's side. 2) By electromyogram survey and X-ray observation, the numerical value was substantially confirmed well-grounded physiologically and anatomically. Ihope this research will be useful to establishing the suitable height of pillow for Korean.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.377-388
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• 2020

The research identifies hypotheses evaluating the impact of board characteristics on the risk of the commercial bank as well as examining the determinants of bank risk in Vietnam over a 10-year period, starting from 2008. Also, in this research, the differences between the roles of women and men in decision-making are tested. Based on this decision, risks of the banks may arise. Ordinary least squares(OLS) regression, Random effect method, and Fixed effect method are used to estimate the factors that have an impact on bank risk for dataset of all commercial banks in Vietnam. The results found that equity-to-asset ratio, bank performance and the economic growth have an inverse relationship with bank risk, while the size of bank has a positive relationship with the bank risk. One of the highlights of this paper is a demonstration of the relationship between CEO's gender and bank risk. The test result shows that the bank led by a female faces a higher overall risk level and credit risk than a bank led by a male. Based on this result, the paper also makes recommendations to Government, the State Bank of Vietnam and the commercial banks for effective risk management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.622-624
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• 2013

TV is Device best known to everyone. Showing off a smart TV in the TV industry has recently become a new blue ocean in the TV market. As with other smart devices, smart TV is also an important factor is a very important application. In this paper, by using the Samsung SDK to application of Web-based that can be used in smart TV environment of Samsung, we have developed a board game that has been created based on JAVA SCRIPT, CSS, and HTML. Rules of the game of the board game format using the dice is easy, this application is a four-person game that also men and women of all ages who enjoy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.254-266
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to develop snow-board upper wear with improved functionality. The study consisted of figure out appropriate ease amount of snow-board upper wear and make products by applying it to pattern design. The results of this study were as follows : First, The results of examined the difference between naked body measurements of and basic wear. According to motion, chest circumference(4.7cm, 5.1%), back width(8.9cm, 20.7%), and waist back length(8.0cm, 18.3%) increased. Around the elbow the length increased by 4.4cm(21.9%) when it was bent 90 degrees, while it increased by 6.0cm(29.8%) when it was bent to the full(145 degree). Second, 3 snow-board upper wear were selected and evaluated their appearance, comforts, and functionality, and that of the biggest margin proved to be the best. Eases necessary for motion proved to be insufficient especially in neck, arm and wrist parts of upper clothing. Third, on the basis of the analysis of snow-board upper wear on market, 2 pieces of experimental snowboard upper wear were designed, produced, and evaluated the patterns of with different ease, and snowboard upper wear B for experiment was proved to be better, Fourth, Snowboard upper wear was produced and evaluated for experiment 2 by giving additional ease to specific parts. Therefore experiment 2 was presented pattern, ease, and size of snowboard upper wear for with snowboard upper wear with improved functionality.