• Annals of Coloproctology
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.312-316
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• 2018

Purpose: Anemia is associated with poor treatment results for a variety of cancers. The effect of low hemoglobin levels on long-term outcomes after the treatment of patients with an anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains unclear. For that reason, this study aimed to investigate the effect of anemia on treatment outcomes following chemoradiation for an anal SCC. Methods: This was a retrospective study of all patients who underwent curative treatment for an anal SCC between 2009 and 2015 at 2 trusts in the United Kingdom. Data were collated from prospectively collected cancer databases and were cross-checked with operating-room records and records in the hospitals' patient management systems. Results: We identified 103 patients with a median age of 63 years (range, 36-84 years). The median overall survival was 39 months (range, 9-90 months), and the disease-free survival was 36 months (range, 2-90 months). During the follow-up period, 16.5% patients died and 13.6% patients developed recurrence. Twenty-two people were anemic prior to treatment, with a female preponderance (20 of 22). No differences in disease-free survival (P = 0.74) and overall survival (P = 0.12) were noted between patients with anemia and those with normal hemoglobin levels. On regression the analysis, the combination of anemia, the presence of a defunctioning colostomy, lymph-node involvement and higher tumor stage correlated with poor overall survival. Conclusion: In this study, anemia did not influence disease-free survival or overall survival. We suggest that the interaction between anemia and survival is more complex than previously demonstrated and potentially reliant on other coexisting factors.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among knowledge and attitude toward palliative care and perception of death for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 110 nurses who work in NICUs in South Korea. The participants filled out a questionnaire regarding their knowledge, attitude towards palliative care and perception of death. The attitude scale was divided into 3 subscales: comfort level, nurses' role and nurses' involvement with family. Results: Comfort level regarding attitude towards palliative care was positively correlated with knowledge (r=.220, p=.016) and the perception of death (r=.194, p=.042). Nurses' role showed a positive correlation with perception of death (r=.395, p=.001). Conclusion: NICU nurses' knowledge of palliative care was below standard across the board, implying that there is a definite need for palliative care education for nurses. The education program for palliative care should include a section that focuses on fostering a positive perception of death as well as defining and delineating the role of nurses.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2017

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is composed of heterogeneous subgroups that require a multidisciplinary team approach in order to ensure optimal therapy for each patient. Since 2010, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network has recommended chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for bulky mediastinal disease and surgical combination for those patients with single-station N2 involvement who respond to neoadjuvant therapy. According to lung cancer tumor boards, thoracic surgeons make a decision on the resectability of the tumor, if it is determined to be unresectable, concurrent CRT (CCRT) is considered the next choice. However, the survival benefit of CCRT over sequential CRT or radiotherapy alone carries the risk of additional toxicity. Considering severe adverse events that may lead to death, fit patients who are able to tolerate CCRT must be identified by multidisciplinary tumor board. Decelerated approaches, such as sequential CRT or high-dose radiation alone may be a valuable alternative for patients who are not eligible for CCRT. As a new treatment strategy, investigators are interested in the application of the innovative radiation techniques, trimodality therapy combining surgery after high-dose definitive CCRT, and the combination of radiation with targeted or immunotherapy agents. The updated results and on-going studies are thoroughly reviewed in this article.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.585-593
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• 2020

This study contributes to the existing literature by empirically exploring the causes of child labor in the Indonesian labor market. Factors identified include rate of poverty, average wages, education participation, and quality of education. This study utilized an aggregate data of 301 districts and cities across 34 provinces sourced from the National Labor Force Survey and the National School/Madrasah Accreditation Board of the Republic of Indonesia. Using a multiple regression analysis, the study found strong evidence of the positive effect of poverty on child labor. Conversely, the study documented the adverse impact of average wages on child labor in Indonesia. Similarly, the participation in the education system also contributed negatively to the child labor. Finally, the quality of education services is found to have a negative effect on child labor in Indonesia. The findings of this study suggest that, in efforts to reduce the involvement of children in the workforce, the poverty eradication program should be enhanced. The wages should be continuously improved, at least, in par with the changes in prices. Finally, the quality of education and its services ought to be further enhanced to attract more child student participation rates across junior high schools nationwide.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1585-1598
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• 2011

Emission reduction program for in-use diesel vehicles (ERPDV) has been enacted since 2004 over the Seoul metropolitan area, and diesel emission reduction is forced to fulfill this regulation. This study was performed to evaluate the ERPDV using $PM_{10}$ concentrations of both road-side monitoring and national background network during the period of 2004-2010. In order to assess the pure road emission, we first eliminated the long range transport effect by deducting the trend of annual national background concentrations from the road-side $PM_{10}$ concentrations, and then analyzed the time series of the resultant $PM_{10}$ concentrations over Seoul metropolitan area. The annual rates of variations of road-side $PM_{10}$ with the deduction of trend of background level show -3.2, +0.4, and -2.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$/year, in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyonggi province, respectively. There are steadily decreasing trend in Seoul with all of statistic parameters such as mean, mediam, 5%ile, 10%ile, 25%ile, 75%ile, 90%ile, and 95%ile concentrations. Incheon shows some fluctuations with positive with no significant trend, and Gyonggi province shows overall decreasing but not consistent. Student-t test shows 95% significant level of ERPDV effect in Seoul, but there exists no significant level greater than 90% in both Incheon, and Kyonggi province. Total annual averaged trend over the whole Seoul metropolitan area is estimated to lie in approximately $-2.9{\mu}g/m^3$/year in this study, implying the intimate involvement of ERPDV to a large extent. This is also suggesting that the further research cost-effectiveness of ERPDV with consideration of the long range transport process would be needed over the Seoul metropolitan area.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2007

골반 방사선치료 시 방사선조사부위에서 소장을 제외하여 방사선에 의한 소장의 독성 감소에 가장 효율적인 방법을 알아보기 위하여 본 연구가 시행되었다. 연구대상은 자궁경부암, 자궁내막암, 직장암, S-결장암과 난소암으로 수술 후 골반에 방사선치료를 받은 환자 14명이다. 환자는 모의치료를 시행하기 1시간 30분 전에 150 ml의 바륨과 방광을 채우기 위해 물 500 ml를 마시고 환자의 자세변화와 벨리보드 사용 유무에 따라 5종류의 조영촬영을 하였다. 첫 번째는 방광을 채운 후 누운 자세로 전 후면과 측면을 촬영한다. 두 번째는 방광을 채운 상태에서 엎드린 자세로, 세 번째는 방광을 비운 후 누운 자세로, 네 번째는 방광을 비운 후 엎드린 자세로, 다섯 번째는 방광을 비운 후 벨리보드를 사용하여 엎드린 자세로 각각의 전 후면과 측면을 촬영한다. 모든 조영촬영 사진에서 방사선조사부위에 포함되는 소장의 용적을 측정하였다. 결과는 방광을 채우거나 비운상태 모두 엎드린 자세가 누운 자세보다 소장의 용적이 감소되었으며 특히 측면사진에서 더욱 감소되었다. 엎드린 자세에서는 방광을 채운 상태의 소장 용적이 방광을 비운상태에 비해 전후면 사진에서 13%, 측면 사진에서 26%가 감소되었다. 방광을 비운 후 벨리보드를 사용한 상태의 소장 용적이 벨리보드를 사용하지 않고 엎드린 자세에 비해 전 후면에서 $62.8{\pm}27.1%$, 측면에서 $63{\pm}32.9%$가 감소되었다. 결론적으로 골반에 방사선치료를 시행할 경우 방광을 비운 후 벨리보드를 사용함으로써 소장의 용적을 최소화시킬 수 있었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.443-449
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• 2011

본 연구는 한국지질자원연구원(KIGAM)이 전개하는 다양한 연구 활동과 성과를 국민에게 효율적으로 전달하여 '국민이 자랑스러워하는 기관'으로서 KIGAM의 위상과 역할을 재정립하는데 기여하기 위하여 KIGAM 브랜드 인지도에 대한 조사를 수행하였다. 지질자원기술의 연구성과와 국가 브랜드 간 연관성에 대해서 외부 공중의 절반(49.9%)이 관련이 있다고 인식하였고, 지질자원기술의 연구성과가 한국 과학기술력 증진에 기여하는 가에 대하여 42.3%가 긍정 적으로 응답하였으며, 지질자원기술 연구성과에 대해서는 14.4%만이 접한 적이 있다고 응답하였다. 브랜드 인지도를 제고하기 위한 대안으로는 혜택적 메시지 개발, 브랜드관리 위원회 운영, 국민 친화적 주제에 대한 지질자원기술 연구성과의 관여도 증진, 청소년 대상 '지질자원기술 교육용 보드 게임' 개발 배포, 장소 PR(location PR)의 활성화, 온라인 Q&A 게시판의 활성화, 스타 연구원 발굴과 원장 PI 활동을 제시할 수 있다.

• 정보화정책
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.36-49
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• 2012

국제인터넷주소자원관리기구인 ICANN은 1998년 창설 이후 줄기차게 제기되어 온 미국 의존성에 대한 비판을 완화하기 위해 종래 미국 상무부와의 협약에만 역할의 정당성을 인정받던 방식에서 일부 탈피하여 국제인터넷공동체에 대한 책임성을 높이기 위하여 2009년 9월 30일 ICANN 운영에 대한 검토를 국제적인 독립 기구로부터 점검받는 것을 약속하는 형태의 '의무 확인' (Affirmation of Commitments)을 미상무부와 공동으로 행하였다. 이에 의해 설치된 4개 검토팀 중 하나인 '책임성 투명성 검토팀' (ATRT)은 2010년 12월 31일 27개의 권고사항을 발표하고 이사회는 이의 이행을 약속하였다. 이는 선진 인터넷 거버넌스를 지향하는 한국에 시사하는 바가 적지 않다. 특히, 국제 인터넷 거버넌스 체계에 있어 민간주도의 상향적 정책결정이란 특성과 국내제도의 정합성을 제고할 필요가 있다. 인터넷주소에 관련된 비정부, 민간조직의 의견을 적극적으로 수렴하는 '공식적인' 절차가 필요하다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2008년도 Proceedings of the Convention
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• pp.119-142
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• 2008

Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (ZSS) has been widely used for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia in Korea and China. This experiment was performed to know whether sanjoinine A, one of major alkaloid compounds of ZSS has anxiolytic and hypnotic effects through the GABAergic systems. Our results showed that administration of sanjoinine A increased open arm entries and spent time in open arm in the elevated plus-maze and increased head dips in hole board test. Different from traditional anxiolytic, diazepam, sanjoinine A itself did not decrease locomotor activity and strength level in mice. Furthermore, Sanjoinine A (0.5-2.0 mg/kg) prolonged sleeping time and reduced sleeping latency induced by pentobarbital in a dose-dependent manner similar to muscimol, a $GABA_A$ receptor agonist. Sanjoinine A (0.25-1.0 mg/kg) also increased sleeping rate and sleeping time in the combined administration at the sub-hypnotic dose of pentobarbital and showed synergic effects with muscimol in potentiating sleeping onset and enhancing sleeping time induced by pentobarbital. However, sanjoinine A itself did not induce sleeping at the higher dose. In addition, both of sanjoinine A and pentobarbital increased chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. Sanjoinine A decreased the $GABA_A$ receptor ${\alpha}$-subunit expression and increased ${\gamma}$-subunit expression, and had no effects on abundance of ${\beta}$-subunit in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells, showing different expression of subunits from pentobarbital. In conclusion, sanjoinine A shows anxiolytic-like effects and augments pentabarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through the modification of GABAergic systems. [This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (The Regional Research Universities Program/Center for Healthcare Technology Development)].

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2021

Under the pressure of business competition and effectiveness, more and more organizations in the world are likely to apply modern software such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) which can help them to create better organizing practice, better managing capabilities of administrators, and better operations of personnel. In Vietnam, many firms are afraid to install it and the number of firms adopting this software is limited mainly due to the insufficient scientific evidence of the successful implementation of ERP. This study aims to identify and measure the factors influencing the successful implementation of ERP of firms in Vietnam. Qualitative research methodology combined with quantitative research methodology is used. The data are surveyed with 343 administrators of 45 organizations that have successfully deployed ERP in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh cities. Of these 19 were excluded from analyses due to unsatisfactory responses, and only 324 were used for statistical processing. The collected data were processed by using the SPSS software. The result of the study shows that there are six factors affecting the successful implementation of ERP of firms in Vietnam, (ranked in descending order of importance), they are top management commitment and support, business process re-engineering, user involvement, project management board, vendor support, and suitability of software and hardware.