• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.151-165
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• 2002

An a1gorithmic approach to degree elevation of NURBS curves is presented. The new algorithms are based on the weighted blossoming process and its matrix representation. The elevation method is introduced that consists of the following steps: (1) decompose the NURBS curve into piecewise rational Bezier curves, (b) elevate the degree of each rational Bezier piece, and (c) compose the piecewise rational Bezier curves into NURBS curve.

• Korean Architects
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• s.641
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• pp.54-59
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• 2022

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2011

The purposes of this study were to re-interpret the Traditional Korean Painting of Flower and Bird Patterns from a modern point of view and use them in apparel textile design. A literature review of the Traditional Korean Painting of Flower and Bird Patterns was made first, and then, through manual and Photoshop workings, two apparel textile designs were suggested. The results were as follows. First, Traditional Korean Paintings of Birds and Flowers are covered not only by decorative beauty but also by the common pure hope and ideology of loving and adoring nature, which is inherent in the symbolism and racial characteristics and high aesthetic sense appeared by ancestors' life feeling. The meaning that is symbolized by each subject matter appearing in the Transcontinental Painting of Bird and Flower is important, but the ancestors' deeper and affectionate desire is shown in the harmony and happy aspect of a picture where more than two subject matters appear, such as Song Hak do where pine is with crane, cockscomb with chicken, bamboo with beacon fire, or a couple of them with flower. Second, two kinds of textile designs were suggested. The motif of work 1 targeted professional women of activity and individuality in their late 30s to early 40s. The lotus blossom pattern was selected to present its concept, "Chic Elegance." The motif of work 2 targeted intelligent women in their mid 40s, and the peony blossom was selected to present its concept, "Romantic Elegance."

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.304-309
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• 2004

Girdling of trunk and rainproof installation over kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) trees were turned out to alleviate bacterial blossom blight effectively in kiwifruit orchards. The disease was most effectively prevented by girdling of tree trunks with 20 mm width around April 10 before about 45 days of flowering stage of kiwifruit, but control efficiencies were not affected by height of girdling on trunks above the ground. Use of a transparent polyvinyl film to protect kiwifruit trees from rain was more effective than windbreak net to prevent the disease, irrespective of kinds of rainproof installation. Installation of partial rainproof vinyl cover over kiwifruit trees around March 10 before about 75 days of flowering stage of kiwifruit prevented most of the disease occurrence on kiwifruit. It is expected that girdling of tree trunks and installation of partial rainproof vinyl cover over kiwifruit trees will be practical as environmentally friendly control methods to manage bacterial blossom blight in kiwifruit orchards.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.419-427
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• 2020

Background This study evaluated the Blossom system, an innovative self-filling, rate-controlled, pressure-responsive saline tissue expander (TE) system. We investigated the feasibility of utilizing this technology to facilitate implant-based and combined flap with implant-based breast reconstruction in comparison to conventional tissue expansion. Methods In this prospective, single-center, single-surgeon pilot study, participants underwent either implant-based breast reconstruction or a combination of autologous flap and implantbased breast reconstruction. Outcome measures included time to full expansion, complications, total expansion volume, and pain scores. Results Fourteen patients (TEs; n=22), were included in this study. The mean time to full expansion was 13.4 days (standard error of the mean [SEM], 1.3 days) in the combination group and 11.7 days (SEM, 1.4 days) in the implant group (P=0.78). The overall major complication rate was 4.5% (n=1). No statistically significant differences were found in the complication rate between the combination group and the implant group. The maximum patient-reported pain scores during the expansion process were low, but were significantly higher in the combination group (mean, 2.00±0.09) than in the implant group (mean, 0.29±0.25; P=0.005). Conclusions The reported average duration for conventional subcutaneous TE expansion is 79.4 days, but this pilot study using the Blossom system achieved an average expansion duration of less than 14 days in both groups. The Blossom system may accommodate single-stage breast reconstruction. The overall complication rate of this study was 4.5%, which is promising compared to the reported complication rates of two-stage breast reconstruction with TEs (20%-45%).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1101-1110
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• 2019

This study investigated Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) of cherry blossom trails 'Cherry Road' in Daegu Catholic Univ. campus, at Gyeonsan-city, Korea. The evaluation focused on image preference and satisfaction of users i.e., students, using questionnaire surveys. A total 201 questionnaire samples were analyzed and most of the respondents were in the age group of 20. Frequency analysis was conducted on demographics, use behavior, reliability, and means. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted for user satisfaction and image preference. Over 80% of visitors came with companions during daytime. The most common motives for use were strolling and walking, event and meeting, passing. For user satisfaction the mean scores were highest for landscape beauty (4.22), image improvement (4.14), campus image (4.08). Night lighting facility received the lowest score (3.32). Factor analysis concerning user satisfaction was categorized into environment-human behavior and physical factors. Multiple regression analysis showed that the overall satisfaction of user was significantly influenced by five independent variables: 'harmonious' (β=.214), 'night lighting facility' (β=.173), 'landscape beauty' (β=.208), 'lawn care' (β=.154), and 'walking trails' (β=.123). The mean scores of image variables were highest for 'beautiful' (5.81), 'bright' (5.67), and 'open' (5.64). The lowest scores was for 'quiet' (4.47). Exploratory factor analysis led to three factors being categorized: aesthetics, comforts, and simplicity. Result of multiple regression analysis indicated that the preference of space image was significantly influenced by five variables: 'bright' (β=.397), 'refreshing' (β=.211), 'cool' (β=.219), 'clean' (β=.182), and 'natural' (β=.-142). Hence, Cherry Road has a high level of user satisfaction and image evaluation, which is interpreted as having various cultural events and value for students on campus. To improve the satisfaction of Cherry Road in the future, it is necessary to secure night lighting, to manage trash cans, and to secure rest space.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.112-115
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• 2001

Blossom blight of petunia caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum was found in greenhouses around Jinju area, Gyeongnam province, Korea in April 2001. The disease started with water-soaked lesions on the flower which rapidly withered and was rotten. Calyces developed water-soaked, dark-green lesions, and then were rotten. Whitish mycelia and monosporous sporangiola were produced on the lesions. The fungus isolated from the lesions produced white to pale yellowish brown mycelia with scattered monosporous sporangiola on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) plates. Size of sporangium was 37.2~135.8 um. Monosporous sporangiola were elliptic, fusiform or ovoid, and brown in color and their size was 10.4~22.4$\times$7.4~12.9 um. Sporangiospores were elliptic, fusiform or ovoid in shape, dark brown or brown in color and were 13.7~23.5$\times$8.7~13.8 um in size, and had appendaged appressorium of 3 or more. Zygospores were black, and 40.8~61.5 um in size. The fungus grew on PDA at 15-4$0^{\circ}C$, and optimum temperature was 3$0^{\circ}C$. This is the first report on the blossom blight of petunia caused by C. cucurbitarum in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

The population shifts of Monilinia fructicola isolates which were resistant to the fungicide benzimidazoles were investigated in four regions of Korea from 1998 to 2000. The isolation frequency of benzimidazole-resistant isolates ranged from 18.8% to 29.6% in Chongdo and from $22.0\%$ to $26.8\%$ in Gyeongsan during the same period. However, the frequency of benzimidazoleresistant isolates was less than $4.0\%$ in Chochiwon and Youngduk during the same period. Benzimidazoleresistant isolates showed cross-resistance among benzimidazoles. On the other hand, none of the isolates showed cross-resistance to diethofencarb and carbendazim. Regardless of the year, the benzimidazole-resistant isolates of $EC_{50}$ higher than 500 $\mug%$ a.i./ml were isolated more frequently in mid and late season than in early season. In an orchard of Gyeongsan that had not been exposed to any fungicides for several years, the population of benzimidazole-resistant isolate had persisted without much fluctuation for three years. These results suggest that benzimidazole resistance of M. fructicola is becoming a problem in controlling brown rot and blossom blight of peach in regions like Chongdo and Gyeongsan.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.347-349
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• 2001

Black blights attacked the blossom and flower buds of wild chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum boreale) in the experimental field in Hamyang in 1998. The infection rate of the disease on the plant ranged from 4.0 to 91.8%. The pathogen isolated from the infected flower buds produced numerous conidia in pycnidia. The pycnidia, which were immersed into the petals, emerged through the epidermis by short ostiolate neck. Conidia had 0-3 septate (mostly uniseptate) and were 10-27.5 $\times$5-7.5 ㎛ in size. The fungus produced pseudothecia on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and uniseptate ascospores produced in asci were 10$\times$2.7 ㎛ in size. The pathogen also produced pycnidia and pycnidiospores on PDA after 4 weeks in the dark condition. The conidia produced on PDA were smaller than those from infected plants. Based on the examined mycological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Didymella chrsanthemi.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1097-1105
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• 2016

The present study was performed to investigate the psychological effects of spring flowers blossoms, which is one of the elements influencing to human psychology, in order to provide scientific evidence on the psychological benefits of green plants. A self-reporting survey was conducted by using self reporting questionnaires on the impression (semantic differential method: SD method) and mood states (profile of mood states: POMS) of eighty university students in their twenties. Korean forsythia, Korean rosebay, Japanese apricot, Cherry blossom, and Magnolia were chosen as spring flowers. The results of impression evaluation and mood states changes showed that spring flower blossom had beautiful, soft, warm, moist, familiar and full impressions, and changed our mood positively by reducing depression and anger, or by increasing vigor. In addition, different psychological effects can be differently observed depending on the species; for example, Cherry blossom had a greater effect in changing the impression and feeling than others. The findings would provide support toward the active usage in green space as well as its design maximizing the psychological effects of nature.