• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2015

Crab apple cultivars, 'Maypole', 'Tuscan', and 'Manchurian', were evaluated as potential pollinizers of major apple cultivars, 'Fuji', 'Hongro', and 'Tsugaru', cultivated in high-density apple orchard systems. Numerous cultivar characteristics, including blooming time, pollen germination, fruit set, disease and pest resistance, and self-incompatibility, were examined. The blooming times of both 'Maypole' and 'Tuscan' ranged from April 19 to May 5, which was 2-4 days earlier than those of the major commercial apple cultivars. PCR analysis did not reveal the presence of any of the S-alleles (S1, S3, S7, or S9) identified in major commercial apple cultivars. In addition, the percentage of the fruit set was high after trees were artificially fertilized with crab apple pollen. Artificially cross-pollinated fruits were of similar or higher quality than open-pollinated fruits. They also demonstrated resistance to apple blotch, sooty blotch, and fly speck. The results indicate that the two crab apples, 'Maypole' and 'Tuscan' would be potential candidates for pollinizers of major apple cultivars in Korea. Use of the pollen of these crap apples in commercial production will improve fruit quality and promote sustainable and robust fruit production.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.937-950
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• 2016

Algal blooming in 4 major rivers introduces substantial impacts to water front activity. Concentrations of algae are increasing at major points along the Geum River. Ecosystem food webs can be affected by algal blooming because blue-green algae release toxic materials. Even though there have been many studies on blue-green algae, its causality to environmental factors has not been completely determined yet. This study analyzed the exclusive correlation between various hydrometeorological, water quality, and hydrologic variables and the cell number of cyanobacteria to understand causality of blue-green algae in the Geum River. A prewhitening process was introduced to remove the autocorrelation structure and periodicity, which is useful to evaluate the effective relationship between two time series.

• 환경생물
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2010

Cochlodinium polykrikoides has occurs regularly during the summer in the South Sea of Korea. To investigate photosynthetic pigments concerned with phytoplankton community structure as bloom of Cochlodinium polykrikoides, the experiment was sampled at 20 stations three times between July and September 2002 in the Southern Sea of Korea. The distribution of peridinin, the biomarker of dinoflagellate, was higher at the blooming time than it was before and it disappeared after bloom. The correlative coefficients between Chl. a and peridinin at the blooming time and out of bloom were 0.9253 and 0.1613, respectively. This result indicated that the bloom was caused by dinoflagellate. The correlative coefficients between Chl. a and fucoxanthin were 0.3282 and 0.9759, respectively, and the correlative coefficients showed the succession from dinoflagellate to diatom. This result means that the bloom of Cochlodinium polykrikoides can be detected by Chl. a information from satellite remote sensing. Therefore, if the algorithm to detect peridinin in addition to Chl. a were to be developed, dinoflagellate red tide could be monitored more effectively.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 1963

본조사(本調査)의 내용(內容)을 다음과 같이 적요(摘要)한다. 1. 1960년(年) 및 1961년(年) 양년(兩年)에 걸쳐 전남(全南) 광양군(光陽群) 옥용면(玉龍面) 추동(秋洞)에 식재(植栽)되고 있는 율림(栗林)에 대(對)해서 개화기(開花期) (시작(始作) 및 완료기(完了期)), 낙화기(落花期)(시작기(始作期), 완료기(完了期)) 및 과실(果實)의 성숙기(成熟期)를 조사(調査)한 내용(內容)을 보고(報告)한다. 2. 각품종(各品種)은 대체(大體)로 약(約) 26년생(年生)으로서 비교적(比較的) 토층(土層)이 깊은 갈색토(褐色土)에 생육중(生育中)인 것이다. 3. 평균(平均) 개화기(開花期)는 년도(年度)에 따라 유의적(有意的)인 차이(差異)가 없었다. 조기개화(早期開花)가 된 것에는 풍다마조생(豊多摩早生)(5월(月) 22일(日)), 대정조생(大正早生), 천견조생(淺見早生), 매평조생등(梅平早生等)이 있고 늦은 것에는 금북(今北), 마론데리아, 장광사(長光寺), 순천(順天) 109호(號), 미농(美濃), 내산(內山), 안근(岸根), 방토율(傍土栗), 상피(霜被), 장병위(長兵衛), 대전(袋田), 고금(古錦), 정월(正月), 편산(片山), 후락(後落), 옥성율(玉城栗), 소서율(小西栗)이 있다. 4. 낙화기(落花期)의 조만(早晩)은 개화기(開花期)의 그것과 대체(大體)로 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 갖이고 있었다. 개화상태(開花狀態)는 약 10~12일(日) 계속된다. 5. 개화기(開花期)(또는 낙화기(落花期))는 견과(堅果) 성국기(成熟期)에 직선적(直線的) 상관(相關)을 가지고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 6. 소립종(小粒種)의 대표(代表)는 을종(乙宗), 방토율(傍土栗)이 있고 풍은(豊銀), 편산(片山), 대원조생(大原早生)은 대립종(大粒種)에 해당한다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2020

These experiments were to investigate the variations of rye on forage quality, productivity and β-carotene concentration affected by maturity in Pyeongchang region. Limited information are available about how forage quality and β-carotene content are affected by various factors. Samples were collected from rye harvested every 5 days, from April 25 to May 31 (April 25, April 30, May 4, May 9, May 15, May 21, May 25 and May 31). Dry matter (DM) content, plant height, DM yield and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield increased continuously with the progressed maturity. However, crude protein (CP) content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and relative feed value (RFV) decreased markedly with the delay of harvesting, while TDN content decreased from April 25 till May 15, then followed by a stable fluctuation. Conversely, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) value increased and then fluctuated slightly after blooming stage. For quality of plant parts, stem contained the lowest CP content and RFV value, and the highest ADF and NDF contents compared with other parts, while the grain showed the higher CP, IVDMD, RFV and lower fiber contents than others. With the plant matured, leaf proportion decreased while stem and grain proportion increased, and feed value of all the three parts decreased till blooming stage and followed by a stable phase. β-carotene concentration showed its highest on jointing stage, and then fell down sharply on the sequential stages. In conclusion, harvest around May 15 (blooming) is proper for forage rye if directly consumed by livestock as green chop in Pyeongchang under the consideration of both nutritive yield and forage quality.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1975

이것은 서울, 광릉(光陵), 전주(全州), 경주지방(慶州地方)에서 솔잎혹파리성충(成虫)의 우화시기(羽化時期)와 이의 표현표식(表現標識)으로 아까시나무의 개화시기(開花時期)를 조사(調査)한 것이다. 1. 솔잎혹파리성충(成虫)의 우화(羽化)는 그 지방(地方)의 아까시나무꽃의 개화(開花)가 시작되는 시기(時期)에 시작된다. 2. 솔잎혹파리성충(成虫)의 우화(羽化)는 그 지방(地方)의 아까시나무꽃의 만개(滿開)하는 시기(時期)에 그 최성기(最盛期)에 드러가며 주락기(淍落期)까지 계속(繼續)된다. 3. 솔잎혹파리성충(成虫)의 우화최성기(羽化最盛期)에 꽃이 만개(滿開)하는 식물(植物)은 아까시나무이외(以外)에 백당나무, 찔레나무, 꽃창포 등(等)이 있다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.243-258
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• 2012

본 시험은 유기농업 농가에서 이용하는 수정벌 방사와 일반 농가에서 이용하는 식물생장조절제 처리에 대한 기초연구로서 수정벌 방사 및 식물생장조절제 처리가 가지의 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시한 시험의 결과는 다음과 같다. 가지의 수량은 수정벌 방사와 Tomatotone을 개화당일 화방살포한 처리구에서 수량이 가장 높았고, Tomatotone과 $GA_3$을 엽면살포한 것이, Tomatotone 처리와 화방살포한 것이 좋았다. 상품과율은 수정벌 방사와 Tomatotone을 개화당일 화방살포한 처리구에서 가장 높았으며, 수량과 마찬가지로 Tomatotone과 $GA_3$ 처리는 엽면살포한 처리구에서, Tomatotone 처리는 화방살포한 처리구에서 대체적으로 높았다. 잎내의 무기성분 중 전질소함량은 Tomatotone을 6일 간격으로 엽면살포한 처리구에서, 인산은 Tomatotone을 개화당일 화방살포한 처리구에서, 칼륨은 Tomatotone과 $GA_3$을 6일 간격으로 엽면살포한 처리구에서, 칼슘은 Tomatotone과 $GA_3$을 개화 2~3일전에 화방살포한 처리구에서, 마그네슘은 수정벌 방사와 Tomatotone을 개화당일 화방살포한 처리구에서, 회분은 Tomatotone과 $GA_3$을 3일 간격으로 엽면살포한 처리구에서 가장 많았다. 줄기내의 무기성분 중 전질소함량은 Tomatotone을 개화당일에 화방살포한 처리구에서, 인산, 칼륨 및 마그네슘은 Tomatotone을 3일 간격으로 엽면살포한 처리구에서, 칼슘은 Tomatotone을 개화 2~3일전에 화방살포한 처리구에서, 회분은 Tomatotone을 개화당일에 화방살포한 처리구와 3일 간격으로 엽면살포한 처리구에서 많았다. 과실내의 무기성분 중 전질소함량은 Tomatotone과 $GA_3$을 6일 간격으로 엽면살포한 처리구에서, 인산은 Tomatotone을 3일 간격으로 엽면살포한 처리구에서, 칼륨과 회분은 Tomatotone과 $GA_3$을 개화당일에 화방살포한 처리구에서, 칼슘과 마그네슘은 Tomatotone과 $GA_3$을 개화 2~3일전에 화방살포한 처리구에서 가장 많았다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합하면 유기농업 농가에서 이용하는 수정벌 방사가 식물생장조절제 처리를 대용할 만큼 효과가 인정되었으며, 가지의 착과와 상품과의 수량을 증대시키기 위해서는 수정벌 방사와 Tomatotone을 혼용해서 사용하면 수분노력이 절감되고 수량도 식물생장조절제를 처리한 것보다 높았으나 재배시기 및 작형에 따른 연구가 뒤따라야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.91-100
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• 1999

Treatment conditions of DAF(Dissolved Air Flotation) and removal rates of VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds) in mixed water of H raw water and VOCs were investigated. The used VOCs were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene in aromatic compounds and iso propyl mereaptan, n-butyl mereaptan, dimethyl disulfide, and iso butyl mercaptan in odors. The related parameters include water type, treatment method, clay concentration, pH condition, flocculation time, flotation time, per-cent recycle, water temperature, pressure. The removal rates of VOCs were different on treatment process and water condition. Treatment time was longer, removal rates of VOCs was higher. Water temperature was more important than pressure in DAF parameters. Molecular weight was related with removal rate in several kinds of VOCs were decraesed by competition of each component in II raw water. When algac blooming D water was treated by DAF, TCOD(Total chemical Oxygen Demand) and chorophyll a was removed over 96%.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.481-488
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• 1995

This study was carried out to evaluate the variations of headloss rate and of specific deposit to depths with effective size of media and configuration of filter layer during algae blooming period. 0.51mm size media was disqualified because most of headloss occurred rapidly below 5cm from surface layer however 0.91mm size media acted deep filtration more than 20cm from top, as result 0.91mm sixte media filter had 2~3 times longer filtration time than 0.51mm sixte media filter, but 0.91mm size media have break-through potentiality. multi-layer filter with 1.02mm anthracite and 0.51mm sand had large deposit volume in upper layer that could longer filtration time, moreover smaller media in lower layer that could protect break-through.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.24-38
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• 2014

The significance of this study is to utilize research and care in the field, navigate to the factors that negatively affect the child's development objective of the present study. Exploratory study of the development affected by age to be raised to the acquired write that emotional abilities are not genetically gifted. This is a crucial time for the development of emotional skills in infancy and childhood entire life, and see this time the biggest impact of social environment and the relationship between parents and children made home amicably, the parents are the most influential factors michim at home The. As such it should be recognized that an important role in the development of the emotional power of the child's parent role. Seen to suggest ways to develop children's development through these findings.