• 제목/요약/키워드: Bloody diarrhea

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Artemisia annua 추출액의 Eimeria tenella에 대한 항콕시듐 효과 (Anticoccidial effects of an extract of Artemisia annua on the Eimeria tenella)

  • 오화균;윤희정;노재욱;장두환;강영배
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.115-121
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    • 1995
  • The herb, Artemisia(A) annua, a member of the composital family, has been used successfully for malaria(Plasmodium sp) patients in china. Since the genera of Plasmodium and Eimeria(E) tenella are related, it is presumed that A annua may also be effective against E tenella. In order to study the anticoccidial effects of A annua the chickens inoculated with E tenella were treated with the extract of A annua in drinking water and the results were compared to those of non-medicated, infected control(NIC) and non-medicated, non-infected control(NNC) group. A annua demonstrated anticoccidial effects by showing, compared to NIC group, improved results in all parameters, such as bloody diarrhea, lesion scores, the numbers of excereted oocysts in feces, body weight gain and feed conversion rate. Anticoccidial index(ACI) of the A annua treated group (123.4) was higher than that of NIC group (96.9). These results indicate that Artemisia annua has anticoccidial effects on the Eimeria tenella.

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Hemorrhagic Enteritis in Two One-month-old Dairy Calves Infected with Beta2-toxigenic Clostridium perfringens and Coccidium

  • Choi, Woojae;Ro, Younghye;Kim, Hoyung;Kim, Eunkyung;Choe, Eunhui;Kim, Danil
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.112-114
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    • 2017
  • Two one-month-old dairy calves which have Eimeria oocysts in their bloody diarrhea died acutely a few days after showing the first clinical signs. At necropsy, hemorrhagic and congestive gastrointestinal organs were observed in both calves, and abomasal ulcerations existed. As a prevalent agent in all of the collected intra-intestinal specimens, Clostridium perfringens was isolated and the strain was identified as type A possessing alpha and beta2-toxins. In these clinical cases, intercurrent infection by C. perfringens type A and Eimeria through contaminated environment may be responsible for acute hemorrhagic enteritis.

발병과 재발에 한약으로 관해가 유도된 크론병 증례 보고 (Remissions of Crohn's Disease at Onset and Relapse Using Herbal Medicine: A Case Report)

  • 이병희;원지윤;박재량;이향숙
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.183-190
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    • 2020
  • This case report details two remissions at onset and relapse after 4 years each with Korean herbal medicine treatment in a 33-year-old male patient diagnosed as Crohn's disease (CD) by clinical and colonoscopic examination. He presented bloody diarrhea and severe abdominal pain, and his symptoms were persistent even with usual Western medications, so he was offered surgery and biologics. He was then given Sayeok-Tang for 8 months and remission was induced. Four years later he had a relapse and this time he was given Banha-Sasim-Tang, and Baekduong-Ga-Gamcho-Agyo-Tang, based on pattern changes with intense symptom monitoring. Clinical and endoscopic remission was confirmed after 4 months of herbal medicine treatment and no adverse events were reported. This case report shows that individualized Korean herbal medicine treatment has the potential for induction of remission of CD and further research is warranted.

Effects of Korean Radish on DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

  • Kim, Hyun-Kyoung
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.97-108
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    • 2018
  • The present study aimed to investigate the comparative evaluation of pharmacological efficacy between sulfasalazine alone and combination with herbal medicine on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Balb/c mice received 5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 9): group I-normal group, group II-DSS control group, group III-DSS + sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg), group IV-DSS + sulfasalazine (60 mg/kg), group V-DSS + sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg) + Radish Extract mixture (30 mg /kg) (SRE). DSS-treated mice developed symptoms similar to those of human UC, such as severe bloody diarrhea and weight loss. SRE supplementation, as well as sulfasalazine, suppressed colonic length and mucosal inflammatory infiltration. In addition, SRE treatment significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling moleculesthrough suppression both mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) signaling pathways, and prevented the apoptosis of colon. Moreover, SRE administration significantly led to the up-regulation of anti-oxidant enzyme including SOD and Catalase. This is the first report that Radish extract mixture combined with sulfasalazine protects against experimental UC via the inhibition of both inflammation and apoptosis, very similar to the standard-of-care sulfasalazine.

The Beneficial Effect of Platycodon grandiflorum on DSS-induced Colitis through Regulation of HIF-1α in Mice

  • Yang, Mi-Ok;Myung, Noh-Yil
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.391-398
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    • 2022
  • Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a typical inflammatory colon disorder. Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) is known to exert various beneficial effects including anti-oxidative and anti-bacterial properties and improvements in liver function. However, the improving effect and mechanism of PG on intestinal inflammation are not fully understood. The present research was designed to investigate the effect of PG on the clinical signs of DSS-induced colitis in mice. The ameliorative effects of PG on inflammatory cytokine expression and the activation of hypoxia-inducible-factor (HIF)-1α in DSS-treated colon tissue were also determined. Our results showed that mice treated with DSS displayed the main clinical symptoms of colitis, including weight loss, bloody stools, decrease in colon length and diarrhea and PG treatment significantly improved the clinical features induced by DSS in mice. PG inhibited the increase in the levels of inflammatory cytokines caused by DSS in colon tissues. We also showed that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PG involved suppressing the activation of HIF-1α in DSS-treated colon tissues. Collectively, the findings of this study indicate the prospect of developing new drugs from PG for UC treatment.

Recent Advancements in Technologies to Detect Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli Shiga Toxins

  • Jeongtae Kim;Jun Bong Lee;Jaewon Park;Chiwan Koo;Moo-Seung Lee
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.559-573
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    • 2023
  • Shiga toxin (Stxs)-producing enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 are major causative agents of severe bloody diarrhea (known as hemorrhagic colitis) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) associated with extraintestinal complications such as acute renal failure and neurologic impairment in infected patients under 9 years of age. Extreme nephrotoxicity of Stxs in HUS patients is associated with severe outcomes, highlighting the need to develop technologies to detect low levels of the toxin in environmental or food samples. Currently, the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or immunoassay is the most broadly used assay to detect the toxin. However, these assays are laborious, time-consuming, and costly. More recently, numerous studies have described novel, highly sensitive, and portable methods for detecting Stxs from EHEC. To contextualize newly emerging Stxs detection methods, we briefly explain the basic principles of these methods, including lateral flow assays, optical detection, and electrical detection. We subsequently describe existing and newly emerging rapid detection technologies to identify and measure Stxs.

한약재 특성에 따른 궤양성 대장염 치료과 장내세균 상관관계 연구 (The Study about Relationship between Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Intestinal Bacteria According to Characteristic of Herbal Medicine)

  • 전용덕
    • 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.9-9
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    • 2020
  • Many modern people are exposed to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), atopic dermatitis and immune disorder. Among those chronic diseases, the incidence ratio of IBD has been increased. IBD, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), is known to cause abnormal inflammation in intestinal tissue. UC is accompanied by abdominal pain, bloody stool and diarrhea. Many therapeutic agents, such as sulfasalazine, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, have been used for treating UC. However, those agents have side-effects and temporary effects on UC. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of herbal medicine on UC and relationship between UC and intestinal bacteria according characteristic of herbal medicine. To determine the effect of herbal medicine on UC, various herbal medicine were chosen within oriental medicine category such as cheongyeol and onyeol medicine. In this study, we found carthami fructus, included in cheongyeol medicine, had stronger effect than onyeol medicine. Also, we determined influence of carthami fructus against lactic acid bacteria. Catthami fructus and lingon berry extracts affected the composition of mice intestinal bacteria in mice fecal. The symptoms of UC could be regulate by using herbal medicine, according to characteristic of herbal medicine. Also, herbal medicine might be change body condition to healthy by controlling intestinal bacteria composition. Herbal medicine characteristic could be a therapeutic agent by revealing relationship between intestinal bacteria and UC.

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전라북도 소아과 개원의의 급성 위장염 환자에 대한 인식 조사 (Pediatrician Perspectives on the Evaluation and Treatment of Acute Gastrointestinal Infections, Jeonbuk, South Korea, 2002)

  • 임소희;고양심;조대선;이신재;황평한;;;김정수
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제46권12호
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    • pp.1217-1223
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    • 2003
  • 목 적 : 전라북도 소아과 개원의의 급성 위장염에 대한 이해와 환자의 진단과 치료에 대한 경험과 인식을 알아보고 최근 개발된 로타 바이러스 백신에 대한 인식을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2002년 4월부터 6월까지 전라북도에서 소아과 의원을 개원하고 있는 소아과 전문의를 대상으로 미리 작성된 설문지를 이용하여 우편배달을 통해 조사하였다. 배포된 설문지 수는 총 82매였고 이 중 63명의 소아과 전문의가 응답하여 회수율은 76.8%였다. 급성 위장염 환자의 비율, 선호하는 치료제 및 방법, 항생제 사용빈도 및 종류, 항생제 사용을 고려하는 임상소견, 급성 위장염 환자에서 시행해 보고 싶은 검사, 로타 바이러스 백신에 대한 관심도와 사용 계획에 대해 조사하였다. 결 과 : 급성 위장염 환자는 연중 발생하였으며 겨울과 봄에 약간 많았다. 주로 사용하는 치료제로는 유산균 제제(84.1%), 경구용 수액제(79.4%), 효소제(58.8%)를 선호하였다. 대부분 의사들이 전체 위장염 환자의 20% 이하에서 항생제를 사용하였고, 주로 사용하는 항생제는 amoxicillin(61.3%)과 trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(39.7%)이였으며, 항생제 사용을 고려하는 임상증상은 혈변이나 점액변, 고열 등의 증상이었다. 급성위장염 환아에서 중요하다고 생각하거나 가능하면 해보고 싶은 검사는 대변 검사(로타 바이러스 항원, 적혈구, 백혈구), 복부 방사선 검사, 혈청 전해질 검사 등이었다. 대부분의 의사들이 로타 바이러스 백신에 대해 긍정적인 관심을 가지고 백신이 도입될 경우 사용하겠다고 하였으며, 백신사용을 결정할 때 중요하게 생각하는 점으로는 예방효과와 부작용이었다. 결 론 : 전라북도 소아과 개원의들의 급성 위장염 환자에 대한 인식은 대체로 긍정적인 것으로 판단되었으며, 앞으로 보다 적극적인 검사방법의 개발과 이용이 중요할 것으로 생각된다.

신생아와 영유아 로타바이러스 위장염의 임상 경과에 대한 비교 (Comparison of Clinical Manifestations of Rotaviral Gastroenteritis between Neonates and Infants)

  • 박민경;박재옥;김창휘
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.153-161
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    • 2006
  • 목 적: 로타바이러스는 영유아 급성 설사증의 대표적인 원인 병원체로써 전 세계에 걸쳐 분포한다. 신생아에서의 로타바이러스 감염은 1975년에 Chrysite 등에 의해 처음 보고된 후 원내 장염의 중요한 원인체로 알려졌으며, 신생아는 영유아와 다른 임상 양상을 보이는 경우가 많다. 신생아의 로타바이러스 감염증의 임상적 고찰에 대한 연구가 부족하여 저자는 로타바이러스 감염으로 입원한 신생아와 영유아를 대상으로 임상 양상의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2001년 2월 1일부터 2003년 1월 31일까지 순천향대학교 부천병원에 장염으로 입원하여 시행한 로타바이러스 항원 검사 양성인 신생아 104명, 영유아 250명을 대상으로 성별, 계절별 분포, 임상 증상, 동반된 질환, 수유 방법에 따른 발생 빈도 등을 비교하였다. 결 과: 계절별로 보면 영유아에서는 2~6월 사이에, 신생아는 10~12월 사이에 발생률이 높았다. 임상 증상은 영유아에서는 설사, 구토, 발열이 가장 흔했고, 경련이 발생한 경우가 있었으며, 신생아에서는 발열과 설사 증상 외에 탈수와 동반된 대사성 산증, 황달, 보챔, 무호흡, 혈변, 위 잔류, 끙끙거림의 비특이적인 증상이 통계학적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 그밖에 통계학적인 유의성은 없으나 수유량 감소, 기면, 구토 등의 증상도 보였다. 동반된 질환으로 영유아는 상기도 감염, 폐렴, 기관지염 등의 호흡기 질환이 많았으며, 그밖에 요로감염, 장중첩증, 출혈성 위염, 간염, 가와사키병이 동반되었다. 신생아에서는 괴사성 장염이 의미 있게 동반되었고, 그밖에 상기도 감염, 폐렴, 요로감염이 있었다. 수유 방법에 있어서는 로타바이러스 감염 환아 중 신생아와 영아 모두 분유 수유아가 모유 수유아보다 많았으나 통계학적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 결 론: 신생아에서의 로타바이러스 감염은 영유아와 달리 황달, 보챔, 무호흡, 혈변, 위 잔류, 수유량 감소, 기면 등의 비특이적인 증상이 발생하는 경우가 많으므로 염두에 두고 진단하려고 노력해야 한다. 로타바이러스는 영유아는 물론 신생아에서도 중요한 원인체로 밝혀지고 있으므로 향후 로타바이러스 감염의 보다 쉽고 간편한 진단 방법, 병원체 분리, 감염 경로, 면역 반응 및 예방과 치료에 대한 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

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Experimental In Vivo Models of Bacterial Shiga Toxin-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

  • Jeong, Yu-Jin;Park, Sung-Kyun;Yoon, Sung-Jin;Park, Young-Jun;Lee, Moo-Seung
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제28권9호
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    • pp.1413-1425
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    • 2018
  • Shiga toxins (Stxs) are the main virulence factors expressed by the pathogenic Stx-producing bacteria, namely, Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and certain Escherichia coli strains. These bacteria cause widespread outbreaks of bloody diarrhea (hemorrhagic colitis) that in severe cases can progress to life-threatening systemic complications, including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) characterized by the acute onset of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and kidney dysfunction. Shiga toxicosis has a distinct pathogenesis and animal models of Stx-associated HUS have allowed us to investigate this. Since these models will also be useful for developing effective countermeasures to Stx-associated HUS, it is important to have clinically relevant animal models of this disease. Multiple studies over the last few decades have shown that mice injected with purified Stxs develop some of the pathophysiological features seen in HUS patients infected with the Stx-producing bacteria. These features are also efficiently recapitulated in a non-human primate model (baboons). In addition, rats, calves, chicks, piglets, and rabbits have been used as models to study symptoms of HUS that are characteristic of each animal. These models have been very useful for testing hypotheses about how Stx induces HUS and its neurological sequelae. In this review, we describe in detail the current knowledge about the most well-studied in vivo models of Stx-induced HUS; namely, those in mice, piglets, non-human primates, and rabbits. The aim of this review is to show how each human clinical outcome-mimicking animal model can serve as an experimental tool to promote our understanding of Stx-induced pathogenesis.