• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1993

최근에 치명적인 바이러스, 특히 에이즈를 이르키는 Human Immunodificiency Virus (HIV), 또는 간에 심각한 병을 이르키는 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)와 같은 무서운 바이러스가 환자의 피나 분비물을 통하여 의사에게 전염되는 사례가 늘어감에 따라 이제는 환자의 피나 분비물의 침투를 막기 위해 방수성과 방균성을 가진 수술복 착용이 절대적으로 필요하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 1. 수술가운을 만드는 5가지 대표적인 직물의 방수성과 방균성을 측정하고 2. 세탁시 표백제의 사용유무가 그 직물의 방수성과 방균성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 3. 반복세탁이 그 직물의 방수성과 방균성에 미치는 영향을 알아 보는데 있다. 이 실험을 위해 3가지 재사용 수술가운과 (Gore-tex$^R$, membrane reinforced; Compel$^{TM}$, fabric reinforced; Acep$^{TM}$, non-reinforced) 두 가지 일회용 가운 (Evolution$^R$ gown, fabric reinforced; Evolution$^R$ Specialty, film reinforced)이 사용되었다. 표백제를 사용한 세탁이 직물의 방수성과 방균성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 재사용 가운을 세탁, 건조, 살균을 하였다. 세탁과 살균의 빈도수는 1, 20, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80번 이였다. 방수성 측정방법으로 1. Impact Penetration test (AATCC 42-1985), 2. Elbow Lean test, 3. Synthetic Blood Resistance test (ASTM F 23. 40. 01)가 사용되었고 방균성 측정방법으로 Viral Resistance test (ASTM F 23. 40. 02)가 사용되었다. 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Gore-Tex$^R$ 가운과 Evolution$^R$ Specialty 가운은 방수성과 방균성의 성질을 가졌다. 그러나 표백제를 사용하여 70번 세탁한 Gore-Tex$^R$ 가운은 membrane의 구조가 파괴되어서 방균성을 상실했다. 2. Evolution$^R$ 가운, Acep$^{TM}$ 가운과 Compel$^{TM}$ 가운은 오직 Impact Penetration test만 통과했다. 즉 이 직물들은 큰 압력의 가함이 없는 splash resistance만 가지고있다. 그러나 Acep$^{TM}$ 가운과 Compel$^{TM}$ 가운은 20번과 60번 세탁 후 각각 그들의 splash resistance 마져도 상실했다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.75-77
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• 2000

Retaining migratory activity is a prerequisite for the manipulation and use of PGCs. This study was conducted to examine whether migratory activity is retained in the primordial germ cells(PGCs) from gonads at the later embryonic developmental stage. In the present study, gonads were dissected from 5-, 6- and 10-day-old quail embryos and treated with trypsin-EDTA for the degradation of gonadal tissue. Gonadal PGCs (gPGCs) were purified by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and labeled with PKH26 fluorescent dye. The PKH26-labeled gPGCs were microinjected into the blood vessels of recipient quail embryo. After further incubation of 3 days, the manipulated recipients were embedded in paraffin and sectioned. The gPGCs were detected by their fluorescence under the fluorescent microscopy and the confocal laser microscopy. As a result, 10-day-old quail gPGCs as well as 5-and 6-day-old gPGCs, could migrate to recipient embryonic gonads and settle down. These results suggest that the 10-day-old gPGCs have the properties of circulating PGCs at early stage. Therefore the PGCs from 10-day old embryonic gonads can be used for the tools of genetic manipulation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.474-480
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• 2018

Most angiogenesis assays are performed using endothelial cells. However, blood vessels are composed of two cell types: endothelial cells and pericytes. Thus, co-culture of two vascular cells should be employed to evaluate angiogenic properties. Here, we developed an in vitro 3-dimensional angiogenesis assay system using spheroids formed by two human vascular precursors: endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). ECFCs, MSCs, or ECFCs+MSCs were cultured to form spheroids. Sprout formation from each spheroid was observed for 24 h by real-time cell recorder. Sprout number and length were higher in ECFC+MSC spheroids than ECFC-only spheroids. No sprouts were observed in MSC-only spheroids. Sprout formation by ECFC spheroids was increased by treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or combination of VEGF and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Interestingly, there was no further increase in sprout formation by ECFC+MSC spheroids in response to VEGF or VEGF+FGF-2, suggesting that MSCs stimulate sprout formation by ECFCs. Immuno-fluorescent labeling technique revealed that MSCs surrounded ECFC-mediated sprout structures. We tested vatalanib, VEGF inhibitor, using ECFC and ECFC+MSC spheroids. Vatalanib significantly inhibited sprout formation in both spheroids. Of note, the $IC_{50}$ of vatalanib in ECFC+MSC spheroids at 24 h was $4.0{\pm}0.40{\mu}M$, which are more correlated with the data of previous animal studies when compared with ECFC spheroids ($0.2{\pm}0.03{\mu}M$). These results suggest that ECFC+MSC spheroids generate physiologically relevant sprout structures composed of two types of vascular cells, and will be an effective pre-clinical in vitro assay model to evaluate pro- or anti-angiogenic property.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.158-172
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• 2017

Nigella sativa (N. sativa, family Ranunculaceae) is a medicinal plant that has been widely used for centuries throughout the world as a natural remedy. A wide range of chemical compounds found in N. sativa expresses its vast therapeutic effects. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main component (up to 50%) in the essential oil of N. sativa. Also, pinene (up to 15%), p-cymene (40%), thymohydroquinone (THQ), thymol (THY), and dithymoquinone (DTQ) are other pharmacologically active compounds of its oil. Other terpenoid compounds, such as carvacrol, carvone, 4-terpineol, limonenes, and citronellol, are also found in small quantities in its oil. The main pharmacological characteristics of this plant are immune system stimulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-cancer, hypoglycemic, anti-tussive, milk production, uricosuric, choleretic, anti-fertility, and spasmolytic properties. In this regard, we have searched the scientific databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar with keywords of N. sativa, anti-cancer, apoptotic effect, antitumor, antioxidant, and malignancy over the period from 2000 to 2017. The effectiveness of N. sativa against cancer in the blood system, kidneys, lungs, prostate, liver, and breast and on many malignant cell lines has been shown in many studies, but the molecular mechanisms behind that anti-cancer role are still not clearly understood. From among the many effects of N. sativa, including its anti-proliferative effect, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, ROS generation, anti-metastasis/anti-angiogenesis effects, Akt pathway control, modulation of multiple molecular targets, including p53, p73, STAT-3, PTEN, and $PPAR-{\gamma}$, and activation of caspases, the main suggestive anti-cancer mechanisms of N. sativa are its free radical scavenger activity and the preservation of various anti-oxidant enzyme activities, such as glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and the anti-cancer effects of N. sativa, with a focus on its molecular targets in apoptosis pathways.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.167-179
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• 2016

The detailed study of acute and sub-acute toxicity of the complex polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP 20 kDa)-wrapped fullerene $C_{60}$ after intraperitoneal (ip) administration was carried out on adult male Wistar rats. The $LD_{50}$ value of $C_{60}/PVP$ complex was found to be 7, 8 g/kg. In sub-acute study which lasted for 30 days the rats were exposed to daily administration of the complex in the doses of 350 or 700 mg/kg. All animals survived during the study and had no significant changes in clinical signs, organ weight, hematological and biochemical parameters of blood. The electrophysiological properties of myocardium and the excretory function of kidneys remained normal. Histological analysis of liver, kidney and spleen at the end of the study also did not demonstrate toxic alterations. It was thus established that intraperitoneal administration of complex $C_{60}/PVP$ has no toxic effect. These results suggest that $C_{60}/PVP$ has no acute and sub-acute toxicity and is a perspective substance for potential application in biology and medicine.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2011

Botryosphaeran, a water-soluble exopolysaccharide of the ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3;1{\rightarrow}6)$-D-glucan type that has been isolated from the culture medium of Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 grown in submerged fermentation using glucose as the sole carbon source, was previously demonstrated to be non-genotoxic in peripheral blood and bone marrow, and exhibited strong anticlastogenic activity. In the present study, the effects of botryosphaeran were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as well as in high-fat diet-fed hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. The plasma glucose level was reduced by 52% in the diabetic group of rats after administration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg body weight of the rats (b.w.)/day by gavage over 15 days. A reduction in the median ration intake was accompanied by an increase in the median body weight gain, as well as the efficiency of food conversion. These results demonstrate that botryosphaeran has protective effects by reducing the symptoms of cachexia in Diabetes mellitus. Botryosphaeran administered by gavage at a concentration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg b.w./day over 15 days also reduced the plasma levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol by 18% and 27%, respectively, in hyperlipidemic rats. Based on these findings, we conclude that botryosphaeran possesses hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic properties in conditions of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, respectively, and may be used as an oral anti-diabetic agent.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

This study carried out to investigate the genital tract bacterial flora of Thoroughbred mare in Jeju province during March and July, 2006. The specimens were collected from vaginal ucosa and clitorial fossa using a culture swab (BBL, USA) from 100 Thoroughbred mares. Colonies were selected blood and MacConkey agar plate, and identified as standard biochemical properties using Biolog system (Thermo, USA). In this study, 470 gram-negative strains were isolated more frequently than 249 gram-positive strains. We were Isolated Escherichia coli (19.8%), Proteus mirabillis (14.9%), Enterobacter nimipressuralis (7.4%), Enterobacter mobilis (4.7%), Aeromonas encheleia (4.3%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (3.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.2%), Coagulasenegative Staphylococcus spp. (10.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.2%), Enterococcus faecium (8.0%), Actinomyces viscosus (7.2%), Micoroccus diversus(6.8%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis(5.2%), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (3.2%), Other non-beta hemolytic Streptococcus spp. (2.0%) and many others from vaginal mucosa and clitorial fossa in Thoroughbred mares. No significant bacteria (Taylorella equigenitalis and Klebsiella pneumonia) were isolated from the mare genital tract. In antimicrobial agents susceptibility test, it shows a high sensibility in the antibiotics of the most which excepts the streptomycin and neomycinm, kanamycin, spectinomycin, compound sulfonamides. Especially, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were visible a high sensibility in the all antibiotics. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. and E. coli were showed a high antibiotic resistance patterns. These results may provide the basic information to establish strategies for the treatment and prevention of reproductive disease in Thoroughbred mares in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 2008

Biochemical characterization including hemagglutination of erythrocytes, molecular weight, optimum temperature, thermal stability, optimum pH, carbohydrate specificity, and inhibitory effect of metal ion were studied in lectin of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruit prepared by ammonium sulfate fractionation and affinity chromatography. This lectin was agglutinated by trypsin-treated rat blood erythrocyte. The molecular weight of this lectin by SDS-PAGE was estimated to be approximately 19.3 kDa of a single band. This lectin has no activity by 7 carbohydrates containing D-glucose. The optimum range of temperature and pH were $10-20^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.2-7.2, respectively. This lectin was relatively stable at $20-70^{\circ}C$. And the activity of this lectin was not inhibited by $Ca^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}$, and $Mn^{2+}$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.577-584
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• 2018

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is a widely used traditional herbal supplement that possesses various health-enhancing efficacies. Various ginseng products are available in market, especially in the Korean peninsula, in the form of drinks, tablets, and capsules. The different ginseng types include the traditional red ginseng extract (RGE), white ginseng, and black red ginseng extract (BRGE). Their fermented and enzyme-treated products are also available. Different treatment regimens alter the bioavailability of certain compounds present in the respective ginseng extracts. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the antioxidant and immune-stimulating activities of RGE, BRGE, and fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE). Methods: We used an acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress model for investigating the reduction of oxidative stress by RGE, BRGE, and FRGE in Sprague Dawley rats. A cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression model was used to evaluate the immune-stimulating activities of these ginseng extracts in BALB/c mice. Results: Our results showed that most prominently, RGE (in almost all experiments) exhibited excellent antioxidant effects via increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in the liver and decreasing serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels compared with the groups treated with FRGE and BRGE. Moreover, RGE significantly increased the number of white blood cells, especially T and B lymphocytes, and antibody-forming cells in the spleen and thymus, and it also activated a number of immune cell subtypes. Conclusion: Taken together, these results indicate that RGE is the best supplement for consumption in everyday life for overall health-enhancing properties.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2006

The protective properties of Satureja hortensis L. on the rat lymphocytes DNA lesions were tested. Lymphocytes were isolated from blood samples taken from healthy rats. DNA breaks and resistance to $H_{2}O_{2}$-induced damage were measured with the comet assay. Rat lymphocytes were incubated in S. hortensis ethanolic extract (SHE) (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 mg/mL), essential oil (SHEO)(0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 ${mu}L/mL$), $H_{2}O_{2}$ (50, 100, and 200 ${\mu}M$), a combination of $H_{2}O_{2}$ (200 mM) with either SHE (1.0, 2.5 mg/mL) or SHEO (1.0, 2.5 ${\mu}L/mL$) at $4^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, and the extent of DNA migration was measured using a single-cell microgel electrophoresis technique under alkaline conditions. Treatment of rat lymphocytes with SHE or SHEO resulted in significant reduction of $H_{2}O_{2}$-induced DNA damage compared to controls. SHE exhibited a significant (P<0.01) inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage at 2.5 mg/mL. SHEO (1.0 and 2.5 ${\mu}L/mL$) also showed significant inhibitory effects (P<0.01) on $H_{2}O_{2}$ induced chromosomal damage. In conclusion both the ethanolic extract and the essential oil of the plant reversed the oxidative damage to rat lymphocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide.