• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.217-223
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• 1995

Adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate (ATPP) was identified and quantified in extracts of rabbit platelets by elution of extracts containing authentic adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate and comparison of retention time with nucleotide standards using high-performance liquid chromatography technique. The amount of adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate was $0.62\;nmoles/10^{9}$ cells which was 62-fold lower than that of ATP but only 10-fold lower than that of ADP. During platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate was released to a relatively high extent. The degradation rates and halflives of adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate were measured during incubation of platelets in whole blood, erythrocyte suspension and plasma, respectively. The results suggest that plasma contributes more than blood cells to the catabolism of adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate. The pattern of degradation indicates that ATPP may be degraded mainly to AMP by soluble enzymes in plasma and very slowly to ADP and/or AMP by ectoenzymes on blood cells such as erythrocyte. The nature of the enzymes responsible fer the degradation of adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate is yet to be identified.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1998

A large body of epidemiologic evidence suggests inverse relationships between ischemic heart disease and plasma vitamin C and E concentrations. Smokers have lower plasma concentrations of these vitamins than do nonsmokers. Smokers therefore need antioxidant vitamin supplementation . The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on blood composition in smoking college men. 24 subjects were divided into 3 groups of which were the vitamin C supplementation group(n=8), the vitamin E supplementation group(n=8), and the vitamin C+E supplementation group(n=8). The vitamin supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid, the vitamin E supplementation group consumed 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol , and the vitamin C+E supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid +200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol for 4 weeks. We examined the blood compositions of the volunteers bofore and after vitamins were supplemented . The results obtained were as follows ; intakes of energy , carbohydrate , fat protein , vitamin C and vitamin E were not significantly affected by vitamin supplementation in all groups. Blood glucose concentrations were not significantly affected by vitamin supplementation in all groups. Concentrations of plasma uric acid and alkaline phosphatase activity were decreased significantly (p<0.05) with vitamin E supplementation. The results of this study show that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers has a tendency to decrease coronary heart disease risk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2000

Daily variation in the serum concentrations of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I and in the plasma concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine were evaluated in ewes fed 30%, 100% and 200% of theoretical maintenance energy requirements. The single daily meal has had significant effects (p<0.05) on almost all profiles. In general, serum or plasma hormone concentrations have increased after the meal, in particular at the two higher levels of energy intake. In the group submitted to the lowest level of energy intake, the consequences of the meal on circulating levels were almost imperceptible. The effects of feeding levels on serum or plasma concentrations have widely varied among hormones, not showing any objective pattern or relationship. Because these variations may affect the interpretation of these blood indicators, knowledge of daily profiles and of the effect of feed level must be considered. In order to maximize the diagnostic value of those indicators, the most suitable times for blood collection seem to be 16 h after the meal and (or) just before the meal. The collection 16 h after the meal apparently allows the characterization of a relatively steady metabolic state, intermediate between the close effects of food intake and the final phase of the intensification of body reserves mobilization. The collection just before the meal will give a good indication of the level of activity of those mobilization mechanisms.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제2회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.75-75
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• 1993

The general pharmacological profiles of SKI 2053R were investigeted on the central nervous system, autonomic nervous system, respiratory-cardiovascular system, digestive system and other systems. SKI 2053R had no significant pharmacological effects. Pharmacokinetic studies on time-course of blood levels, tissue distribution and excretion of SKI 20S3R were performed in rats and beagle dogs after intravenous administration of $^{14}$ C-labeled SKI 2053R. The blood level of radioactivity decreased in bi-or tri-exponential manners: rapidly decreased at $\alpha$-phase but slowly decreased at $\beta$-or ${\gamma}$-phase. $^{14}$ C SKI 2053R was well distributed to all tissues except central nervous system. Tissue concentration profiles of radioactivity were almost consistent wi th those of blood, but higher than those of plasma from 1 to 168 hrs after administration. Also, these results were consistent wi th those of whole body ARG study. The urinary and fecal excretions of radioactivity within 168 hr after administration were 84-87 and 9-11 ％ of total radioactivity of $^{14}$ C-SKI 2053R administered. In lactating rats, the levels of radioactivity in the milk were significantly lower than that in the blood, but slightly higher than that in the plasma. The disapperance of the radioactivity from the milk was similar as that in the plasma.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.222-224
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• 2017

A retrospective study was designed to determine whether there were any differences in prepartal blood biochemical parameters between cows developed subclinical ketosis (SCK) and non-SCK cows. Data on blood biochemistry from 33 Holstein parturient cows (15 SCK and 18 non-SCK cows) in one farm for one year, were compared. Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acid and glucose concentrations were utilized in the diagnosis of SCK and showed significant differences between SCK and non-SCK cows after calving. Before calving, however, only plasma total cholesterol concentration in SCK cows was significantly lower than that in non-SCK cows. Consequently, it seems that lower plasma total cholesterol concentration before calving is related to the occurrence of SCK immediately after calving.

• 약학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.149-160
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• 1984

In order to certify the diuretic mechanism of dopamine, this study was performed in dog. The following results were obtained. Dopamine, when given intravenously, produced diuresis, and increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and amount of sodium excreted in urine. When infused directly into a renal artery, dopamine elicited a marked diuresis confined only to the infused side, with concomitant rises in osmolar clearance and sodium excretion as well as a slight increase in free water clearance. Simultaneously total renal plasma flow and medullary plasma flow increased markedly with a increase of glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. Medullary concentration gradient of sodium also markedly lowered in the infused kidney. These changes were not observed during mannitol diuresis and renal action of dopamine were not apparent in dog pretreated with haloperidol. From the above experimental results, it is thought that dopamine, when given into a vien or infused directly into a renal artery, induces diuresis, and the mechanism of its action is due to dual actions which are hemodynamic effect along with glomerular filtraction rate, and the increased response in the medullary blood flow.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.326-332
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• 1998

The effect of mushroom extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes on carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. Rats were administered orally each mushroom extract at the dose of 150mg/kg, foolwed by treatment with CCl4. Liver damage was produced in male Sprague-Dawley rats, after 21hrs from dosing with CCl4(0.25ml/kg) which were given intraperitoneally. Liver damage without renal injury was confirmed by measuring plasma enzyme, creatinine and blood analysis and liver analysis. Plasma aminotransferase activity, and levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were analyzed. Plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were decreased by 34% and 61.5% in pretreatment group of Lentinus edodes compared with CCl4 treated group, respectively. The adminstration of all mushroom extracts led the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decrease more than the CCl4-treated rats. These results suggest that Lentinus edodes extract protect liver from damage induced by CCl4.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1180-1187
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• 1997

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis and has been reported to contain an abundance of free radical species which could be expected to deplete antioxidants such as vitamin C . The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between smoking, plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentration, and plasma vitamin C level. Fifty-five healthy male smokers and 32 non-smokers were investigated in the study. Mean age, body weight , BMI and blood pressure made no differences in both smokers and non-smokers. Significantly, smokers has higher plasma total cholesterol and LDL-C , and lower HDL-C /LDL-C ratio compared with non-smokers. Plasma level of thiobartiturin acid reactive substances(TBARS), indicator of lipid peroxidation and increased susceptibility of LDL towards lipid perosidation, were elevated in smokers(p<0.001), while the plasma vitamin C level of smokers was significantly lower than that of non-smokers(p<0.05), indicating that elevated lipid peroxidation are associated with decreased plasma vitamin C content. In non-smokers a significantly positive correlation was observed between dietary vitamin C intake and plasma levels, but no such association observed in smokers. Lack of such a relationship and the decreased plasma vitamin C level in the smokers suggest that smoking may cause increased turnover of the plasma antioxidant. Consuquently, the sustained free radical load derived from smoking causes an imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant status and it could be expected that cigarette smoking renders plasma LDL more susceptible to oxidative modification . In the present study the possible explanations for that cigarette smokers have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease include the changes of blood lipid and lipoprotein concentration, and plasma vitamin C status which might have protective functions against free radicals -medaited lipid peroxidation.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2005

By measuring changes in blood lactate and plasma enzyme (CPK, GOT, GPT) with electrical stimulation applied at two duty cycles, this study is intended to look into which type of duty cycle may have more effects on blood lactate and plasma enzyme constituents through animal experiment so as to determine any duty cycle appropriate for electrical treatment. In this study, electrical stimulation was applied to total 20 Korean house rabbits (weight: 3~3.5 kg) by means of an electrical therapeutic apparatus called TS6000 (made in Netherlands) at duty cycle of 50% and 20% respectively for 30 minutes. Here, 5 cc of blood was collected from their carotid artery before stimulation and in 30 minutes after stimulation respectively to carry out biochemical experiment and analysis. As determined through the above experiment, blood lactate rate was increased to 333.07% at 50% duty cycle after experiment and 185.71% at 20% duty cycle after experiment respectively. In both cases, blood lactate rate was significantly increased to higher level after electrical stimulation than before. Moreover, the rate of change in the average of blood lactate rate at both duty cycles also showed significant differences. CPK rate was boosted to 301.82% at 50% duty cycle after experiment and 321.35% at 20% duty cycle after experiment respectively. In both cases, CPK rate was remarkably boosted to higher level after stimulation than before (p<.05). However, there was not any significant difference in the rate of change in average CPK at both duty cycles (p<.05). GOT rate was significantly boosted up to 38.97% at 50% duty cycle after experiment (p<.05), while it was slightly increased to 1.68% at 20% duty cycle after experiment without any significant difference. Rather, GPT rate dropped slightly at both duty cycles after experiment, but there was not any significant difference. Although blood lactate and GOT were relatively less generated at 20% duty cycle after electrical stimulation than at 50% duty cycle, the change of duty cycle didn't have any significant influence on CPK rate. In this regard, this study failed to come any consistent conclusion about the association between change of duty cycle and muscle fatigue. Therefore, it is advisable that follow-up studies seek various ways to a little more effectively apply electrical stimulation to laboratory animals by avoiding their muscle fatigue. GOT rate was significantly boosted up to 38.97% at 50% duty cycle after experiment (p<.05), while it was slightly increased to 1.68% at 20% duty cycle after experiment without any significant difference. Rather, GPT rate dropped slightly at both duty cycles after experiment, but there was not any significant difference. Although blood lactate and GOT were relatively less generated at 20% duty cycle after electrical stimulation than at 50% duty cycle, the change of duty cycle didn't have any significant influence on CPK rate. In this regard, this study failed to come any consistent conclusion about the association between change of duty cycle and muscle fatigue. Therefore, it is advisable that follow-up studies seek various ways to a little more effectively apply electrical stimulation to laboratory animals by avoiding their muscle fatigue.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.538-546
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• 2008

Large-type goats eating dry forage secreted large volumes of saliva which resulted in the loss of $NaHCO_3$ from the blood and decreased plasma volume (hypovolemia). This research investigated whether or not the loss of $NaHCO_3$ from the blood and hypovolemia brought about by dry forage feeding actually depresses feed intake in large-type goats under free drinking conditions. The present experiment consisted of three treatments (NI, ASI, MI). All treatments in this experiment were carried out under free drinking conditions. In the NI control (NI), a solution was not infused. In the ASI treatment, i.v. infusion of artificial saliva was initiated 2 h before feeding and was continued for a total of 3 h concluding 1 h after the commencement of the feeding perod. In the MI treatment, mannitol solution was infused to replenish only water lost from the blood in the form of saliva. The hematocrit and plasma total protein concentrations during feeding in the NI control were observed to be higher than pre-feeding levels. This indicated that dry forage feeding-induced hypovolemia was caused by the accelerated secretion of saliva during the initial stages of feeding in freely drinking large-type goats. Increases in hematocrit and plasma total protein concentrations due to dry forage feeding were significantly suppressed by the ASI treatment. While hematocrit during feeding in the MI treatment was significantly lower than the NI control, plasma total protein concentrations were not different. From these results, it is clear that the MI treatment was less effective than the ASI treatment in mitigating the decreases in plasma volume brought about by dry forage feeding. This indicates that plasma volume increased during dry forage feeding in the ASI treatment which inhibited production of angiotensin II in the blood. The ASI treatment lessened the levels of suppression on dry forage feeding, but the MI treatment had no effect on it under free drinking conditions. The results indicate that despite the free drinking conditions, increases in saliva secretion during the initial stages of dry forage feeding in large-type goats caused $NaHCO_3$ to be lost from the blood into the rumen which in turn caused a decrease in circulating plasma volume and resulted in activation of the renin-angiotensin system and thus feeding was suppressed.