• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 1993

Human atria play an important role in extracellular homeostasis through release of atrial natriuretic peptide. To evaluate the relationship between plasma level of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and many changes which can develop during extracorporeal circulation, we studied 16 patients undergoing, 12 cardiac operation and 4 thoracic operation. Plasma level of ANP in cardiac patients group was significantly higher and more changeable than thoracic patients group. After aortic cross clamp release, blood was filled at right atrium and right atrial pressure was rapidly increased. At the same time, plasma level of ANP was rised suddenly. Increase of ANP level was correlated (p<0.05) with the increase of total bypass time, but was not correlated statistical with aortic cross clamp time. ANP level did not fall rapidly after aortic cross clamp while both atria were completely empty. This result was explained by intraoperative hypothermia at that time, which can inactivate plasmal endopeptidase and catalytic receptors of ANP. The ANP level of atrial fibrillation group in cardiac patients were generally higher than normal sinus group, but there was no statistical correlation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1982

The effects of mixture of tween 20 and span 20 or span 80 on griseofulvin absorption in rabbit were studied. The plasma concentration of griseofulvin in blood samples was determined by high pressure liquid chromatographic procedure. Griseofulvin suspension with 0.05% surfactant increased mostly drug absorption and produced about two times higher plasma level of griseofulvin than that of the suspension with 1% and 0.1% surfactant. Surfactants with H.L.B. value 4.3 resulted $2.74{\mu}g/ml$ of maximum plasma levels of griseofulvin at 18 hours after its oral administration and surfactants with H.L.B. value 16.7 resulted $0.56{\mu}g/ml$ of peak plasma levels of griseofulvin at 1 hour after its oral administration.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1967

The mammary excretion of suphamethomidine after intravenous and/or oral administration was investigated in cow. The results show that sulphamethomidine is bound to plasma proteins to a great extent (80~90%). Ay a dosage of 60 mg./kg. maximal concenration in plasma of this sulphonamide was reached 7-10 hours after oral dosing. The sulphonamide concentration in plasma slowly declined after both oral and intravenous administration (fig. 1, 2, and 3) The concentration of sulphonamide in milk was very low and the excretion was completed in 7 days after a single oral dose and 5 days after intravenous injection while in the case of blood plasma it was 11 and 7 days, respectively. In addition, the renal excretion of sulphamethomidine was investigated while under continuous intravenous intravenous infusion. The excretion ratios varies according to self depression (table. 1). Blockade of the tubular secretion with diodone lowered the excretion of sulphamethomidine. It is concluded that the renal excretion of sulphamethomidine in cows occurs by filtration by slight tubular secretion and also by a high rate of back diffusion.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2022

Refractory thin endometrium and recurrent implantation failure are among the most challenging infertility-related factors hindering successful pregnancy. Several adjuvant therapies have been investigated to increase endometrial thickness and the pregnancy rate, but the treatment effect is still minimal, and for many patients, these treatment methods can be quite costly and difficult to approach. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentration of platelets in plasma and has recently been elucidated as a better treatment option for these patients. PRP is rich in cytokines and growth factors, which are suggested to exert a regenerative effect at the level of the injured tissue. Another advantage of PRP is that it is easily obtained from the patient's own blood. We aimed to review the recent findings of PRP therapy used for patients with refractory thin endometrium and recurrent implantation failure.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1974

In order to evaluate the health hazard due to exposure to organophosphorus insecticides, we measured the blood cholinesterase activity ana urinary para-nitrophenol among 56 exposed subjects. They are orchard workers, rice plant workers and smithion factory workers. The clinical symptoms were also checked by physicians. We also measured the blood cholinesterase activity and urinary para-nitrophenol excretion of 20 urban people and 15 rural people who had never been exposed to organophosphorus insecticides in order to compare them according to age, sex and geographical differences. And these results were also compared with those of exposed groups. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The normal plasma cholinesterase activity and cell cholinestrase activity were $0.861{\pm}0.148\;{\Delta}pH/hr$ and $0.822{\pm}0.154\;{\Delta}pH/hr$. And normal para-nitrophenol in urine was $1.21{\pm}0.52mg/liter$. 2. No significant difference was existed in blood cholinesterase activities and urinary para-nitrophenol excre tion according to sex, age and geographical difference. 3. The plasma cholinesterase activity and cell cholinesterase activity of orchard workers, rice plant workers and smithion factory workers were $0.682{\pm}0.189\;{\Delta}pH/hr,\;0.775{\pm}0.160\;{\Delta}pH/hr,\;0.754{\pm}0.123\;{\Delta}pH/hr,\;and\;0.691{\pm}0.082\;{\Delta}pH/hr,\;0.756{\pm}0.117\;{\Delta}pH/hr,\;0.739{\pm}0.117\;{\Delta}pH/hr$. And significant decreses in blood cholinesterase activities were existed among orchard workers and smithion factory workers compared with control group. 4, The urinary para-nitrophenol excretions of orchard workers, rice plant workers and smithion factory workers were $1.33{\pm}0.66mg/liter,\;1.19{\pm}0.88mg/liter\;and\;1.37{\pm}0.67mg/liter$ and there were no significant difference between exposed groups and control group. 5. The clinical symptoms complained during and after organophosphorus insecticides exposure were frequently ranked by headache (67.7%) and vertigo (64.5%) and muscular ataxia and weakness (51.6%).

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.137-155
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• 1989

In order investigate the effect of Boyanghwanotang (BT) on thrombosis, Sprague-Dawley rats injected endotoxin into the caudal vein were oral administrated solid extract of BT-182. 4mg/200g (Sample A) and 364.8mg/200g (Sample B), and then observed Platelet, fibrinogen, prothrombin time and FDP. Another group injected hydrocortisone acetate into the muscular rump were adopted to observe the effect of BT on elevated blood Viscosity, administrated Sample A and Sample B, thereafter measured body weight, body temperature, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, glucose, albumin, total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol and prothrombin time. 1. Platelet was increased significantly in Sample B compared with the control group. 2. Fibrinogen of the trial groups compared with the control group was increased, and revealed a significance in Sample B. 3. Prothrombin time was decreased significantly in the trial groups compared with the control group. 4. FDP was decreased in the trial groups compared with the control group. 5. Body weight was increased significantly in Sample B after 7 days, body temperature revealed a significance in the trial groups after 5 days. 6. Whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity of lower shear rates, both were highly decreased in the trial groupn than the control group. 7. The increase of WBC and decrease of hematocrit, RBC and hemoglobin was showed in the trial groups, and Sample B revealed a significance on the increase of WBC and decrease of RBC. 8. The increase of prothrombin time and decrease of glucose, albumin, total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol was showed in the trial group, and Sample B revealed a Significance on the increase of prothrombin time and decrease of albumin, total protein and triglyceride. 9. As compare with Sample A and Sample B, generally Sample B was highly Significant. According to the above results, it was considered that Boyanghwanotang may be the curative effects for thrombosis and elevated blood viscosity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.698-702
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• 1998

Propentofylline (PPF, 3-methyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-7-propylxanthine) has been reported to be effective for the treatment of both vascular dementia and dementia of the Alzheimer type. The pharmacological effects of PPF may be exerted via the stimulation of nerve growth factor, increased cerebral blood flow, and inhibition of adenosine uptake. The objectives of this experiment are to determine the kinetic behavior of PPF, to identify, and to quantify its metabolite in human. Blood samples were obtained from human volunteers following oral administration of 200mg of PPF tablets. For the identification and quantification of the metabolite, 3-methyl-1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-7-propylxanthine (PPFOH), PPFOH was synthesized and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and $^1H$-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The molecular weight of synthesized metabolite is 308 dalton. The PPF and PPFOH in plasma were extracted with diethyl ether and identified by electron impact GC/MS. The plasma concentrations of PPF and PPFOH were determined by gas chromatography/nitrogen phosphorus detector in plasma and their pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. The mean half-life of PPF was 0.74 hr. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of PPF and PPFOH were 508 and 460ng.hr/ml, respectively. $C_{max}$ of PPF was about 828.4ng/ml and the peak concentration was achieved at about 2.2 hr ($T_{max}$). These results indicate that PPF is rapidly disappeared from blood due to extensive metabolism into PPFOH.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2016

Paeoniflorin (PAE) is the most abundant compound in Xuebijing injection widely used to treat sepsis. We aimed to investigate effect of PAE on expression of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in a rat model of sepsis. Wistar rats were divided into Normal, Model, and PAE groups (n=20 each). Endotoxin was administrated at 5 mg/ml/kg in Model and PAE rats to establish rat sepsis model. 1 h after endotoxin administration, PAE was administrated at 4 ml/kg in PAE group once per day for 3 days. Routine blood tests and biochemical indexes were assessed, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). The plasma sTREM-1 level was measured using quantitative ELISA. At the end of experiment, the small intestine, liver, kidney and lung were subjected to pathological examinations. A rat model of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was established successfully with endotoxin administration (5 mg/ml/kg), evidenced by histo-pathological examinations, routine blood tests and biochemical indexes: platelet count decreased and white blood cell count increased (p<0.05), CK-MB and AST increased (p<0.05). PAE treatment significantly reduced the plasma levels of AST, CK-MB, and sTREM-1, compared to Model group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, sepsis-induced damages in the liver, lung, stomach and intestinal mucosa were also markedly ameliorated by PAE treatment. PAE demonstrated a significantly protective effect in a rat model of sepsis by decreasing plasma sTREM-1 level, reducing inflammation, preventing MODS and protecting organ functions.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.153-171
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• 2005

Objective : This experiment has been done to evaluate the effects of Gamisogunjung-tang(GST) on antioxidant capability and lipidic concentration in blood which are presumed to be related to aging. Method : In this study, we divided 14 weeks old SD rats into normal group, control group and GST group. Control and GST group were induced aging by D-galactose. At the same time GST group were administered extract of Gamisogunjung-tang for 6 weeks. After then we took blood, and measured the activities of SOD, GSH-px, catalase in erythrocytes and measured TBARS values, concentrations of total lipid, tryglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol in plasma. Results : The activities of SOD, GSH-px, catalase in erythrocytes increased significantly in GST group compared with control group. The value of TBARS and the concentration of total lipid, total cholesterol in plasma decreased significantly in GST group compared with control group. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol increased significantly in GST group compared with control group. The concentration of triglyceride were not noticeable. Conclusion : it is considered that Gamisogunjung-tang has an influence on control aging by activation the antioxidative enzyme systems in erythrocytes and decreasing the concentration of lipid in blood plasma.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2018

Recently, the pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT) is being used in studies as a method of using satellites for monitoring organisms. Because PSATs are attached directly on the organism being monitored, it is used mostly on larger species since the health of the organism is an important concern. For this reason, PSAT-based surveys are lacking in Korea with no studies on the physiological responses of organisms with PSAT attached. Accordingly, as a basic biomonitoring study using PSAT, the present study investigated the physiological changes in fish in response to the attachment of PSAT. The present study used red seabream (Pagrus major) and Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) as the experimental fish. The PSAT was attached to the muscle below the experimental fish's dorsal fin using a mono filament (n = 3). To investigate the changes in physiological responses according to PSAT attachment, blood samples were collected from all experimental fish, including the control (n = 3), at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after the attachment. Upon blood sample collection, whole blood was used to measure hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. After separating the plasma, the separated plasma was used to measure the GOT, GPT, glucose, total protein, and cholesterol levels. Meanwhile, the plasma cortisol, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels were measured using the ELISA method. The results showed that attaching the tag did not have any impact on the immunity and stress response of the experimental fish. The findings in this study also demonstrated the possibility of using PSAT for studying relatively smaller species living in the coastal waters of Korea.