• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.368-374
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• 1998

The study was conducted on six multiparous Murrah buffaloes which were earlier artificially induced into lactation. During the experimental period of 15 days, buffaloes were managed in a loose housing system. All the buffaloes were administered a single injection of bromocryptine (@ $100{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) subcutaneously in the neck region at 08:30 A.M., 50 days postpartum (early lactation). Blood samples were collected from four buffaloes for a period of 5 days before the administration of bromocryptine i.e. on days -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, on day of treatment (day 0) and thereafter daily for a period of 9 days i.e 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 to determine the hormones and blood metabolites. Homogeneous milk samples from all the buffaloes were collected at morning and evening milkings on days coinciding with the days of blood sampling for analysis of milk constituents. Administration of bromocryptine resulted in a significant inhibition of plasma prolactin within 24 hrs of treatment, but the response in all the buffaloes was not uniform. The effect of bromocryptine on plasma prolactin hormone lasted for 1-4 days but Cortisol concentration were not altered. Administration of bromocryptine neither affected blood glucose nor plasma non-esterified fatty acids concentration. Irrespective of level of milk production from different buffaloes, there was no effect of bromocryptine on milk yield which indicated that prolactin is not required for milk secretion during early lactation in buffaloes. Milk constituents like fat, protein and lactose were not affected by bromocryptine may be due to no effect of bromocryptine of milk yield.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate changes of blood metabolites and enzyme activities at different slaughter ages of Hanwoo cattle. Blood samples were taken from six hundred thirty two steers (24~33 months of age) and one hundred twenty eight bulls (17~24 months of age) by venipuncture from caudal vein immediately prior to slaughter. Glucose concentrations were linearly increased (P<0.001) with increases of the slaughter age in steers, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were linearly decreased (P<0.001) with increases of the slaughter age in steers. Likewise, glucose and albumin concentrations in bulls were linearly decreased (P=0.009 and P<0.001, respectively) with increases of the slaughter age. BUN, cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol concentrations were linearly increased (P<0.001, 0.018 and 0.002, respectively), and creatinine concentrations were quadratically increased (P=0.009) with increases of the slaughter age. Activity of gamma glutamyltransferase (${\gamma}$-GT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was linearly increased (P<0.001) with increases of the slaughter age in both steers and bulls, whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was not affected by increasing slaughter age. In addition, the concentrations of ${\gamma}$-GT and AST were higher (P<0.05) for bulls than those of steers at 24 months of age. Increased levels of ${\gamma}$-GT and AST indicate impaired liver function; it may be associated with increases of concentrate level which is a concomitant of the extended fattening periods in Hanwoo feeding. In conclusion, the results in the present study may be one of the useful information for diagnosis of the metabolic disorder in Hanwoo cattle.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2000

The present study was aimed at investigating whether there are changes in the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in relation with the unclipping-induced fall of blood pressure in two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were made 2K1C hypertensive by clipping the left renal artery for four weeks. Sham-clipped rats served as control. The expression of endothelial constitutive (ec) NOS proteins and tissue levels of NO metabolites were determined in the kidney. Systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in clipped rats compared with that in the control. The development of hypertension was associated with decreases in the expression of ecNOS proteins and tissue levels of NO metabolites in the clipped kidney. The blood pressure at twenty-four hours after removal of the renal arterial clip fell to the control level. Accordingly, in the unclipped kidney, the expression of ecNOS proteins and tissue contents of NO metabolites were increased to the control level. The contralateral kidney was not affected by the development or reversal of hypertension. It is suggested that an enhanced expression of ecNOS in the unclipped kidney is an important component in the reversal of renovascular hypertension.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2000

This study evaluates the effect of Dioscorea japonica Thunb subfractions on hyperglycemia and the composition of energy metabolites in diabetic rats. Diabetes emllitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by an injection of streptozotocin(STZ) dissolved in a citrate buffer into the tail vein at a dose of 45㎎/㎏ of body weight. Diabetic rats were assigned to 6 groups; STZ-control, subfraction A, B , C, D and E groups. All groups were fed an AIN-76 diet. The second butanol fraction of Dioscorea administered orally with carboxymethyl cellucose for 10 days after the STZ injection Body weight gain, diet intake and organ weights were monitored Levels of hematocrit, blood glucose, liver and muscle glycogen were measured. Levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids were also assayed. Body weight losses were observed by subfraction A group. Liver and kidney weights were not affected in any of the subgractioned groups. The decrease of blood glucose in daibetic rats which were fed Dioscorea japonica Thunb was significantly greater than the dicrease of blood glucose in the STZ-control group. cholesterol plasma level was not influenced in any subfraction of Dioscorea japonica Thunb. Liver triglyceride levels were significantly lowered in subfraction A compared with the STZ-control group. This study's results suggest that oral administration of subfraction C of Dioscorea japonica Thunb frction is capabl of reducing blood glucose, plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, and therefore Dioscorea japonica Thunb may contain antihyperglycemic compounds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1736-1741
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of forage: concentrate ratio (F:C) on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of housing-feeding yaks. Thirty-two Maiwa male yaks (initial body weight = $207.99{\pm}3.31kg$) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (8 yaks per treatment). Experimental diets were: A, B, C, D which contained 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60 F:C ratios, respectively. Dry matter intake and average daily gain in yaks fed the C and D diets were greater (p<0.05) than yaks fed the A and B diets. No differences were found in ruminal $NH_3-N$, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations. The propionate concentration was increased (p<0.05) in the C and D groups compared with the A and B diets. In contrast, the acetate to propionate ratio was decreased and was lowest (p<0.05) in the C group relative to the A and B diets, but was similar with the D group. For blood metabolites, no differences were found in serum concentrations of urea-N, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase (p>0.05) among treatments. Treatment C had a higher concentration of total protein and high density lipoprotein (p<0.05) than A and B groups. In addition, there was a trend that the globulin concentration of A group was lower than other treatments (p = 0.079). Results from this study suggest that increasing the level of concentrate from 30% to 50% exerted a positive effect on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in yaks.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.861-870
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• 2006

본 연구는 발효사료에 대한 보호처리한 vitamin C+E 및 면실의 첨가가 반추위 발효특성과 거세한우의 증체, 혈중 대사물질 및 호르몬 농도에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 시험구 처리는 발효사료를 급여하는 T1구와 보호처리한 vitamin C+E 및 면실 첨가 발효사료를 급여하는 T2구의 2처리로 하였다. 사료급여 후 3시간의 반추위 pH는 T1구에 비해 T2구에서 낮았으나(p<0.05), 6 및 9시간에는 T1구에 비해 T2구에서 높았다(p<0.05). 사료급여 후 12시간 동안 반추위 ammonia 농도는 T1구에 비해 T2구에서 높았다(p<0.05). 사료급여 후 3시간의 acetate, propionate, butyrate 및 total-VFA 농도는 T1구에 비해 T2구에서 높았으나(p<0.05), 9 및 12시간에는 T1구에 비해 T2구에서 낮았다(p<0.05). 일당증체량과 혈중 대사물질 및 호르몬의 농도는 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 발효사료에 대한 보호처리한 vitamin C+E 및 면실의 첨가는 반추위 pH, ammonia 및 휘발성지방산 농도에는 영향을 미치지만, 거세한우의 증체와 혈중 대사물질 및 호르몬 농도에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 판단된다

• 약학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.319-327
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• 1988

Pharmacokinetic interaction of cimetidine and isoniazid was investigated in the rabbits. Isoniazid was administered orally at a dose of 30mg/kg to six rabbits after 10, 20, and 30mg/kg pretreatment of cimetidine twice a day for 10days. Concentration of the free and the total isoniazid in the blood and the urine was determined by spectrophotometer. Relative bioavailability and biological half-life($t\frac{1}{2}{\beta}$) were increased significantly by cimetidine pretreatment. Overall elimination rate constant and total clearance of isoniazid were decreased significantly by cimetidine pretreatment. The ratio of metabolites to isoniazid in the blood and the urine was decreased significantly by cimetidine pretreatment. Relative bioavailability, INAH to metabolites ratio in the blood and decrease in total clearance were highly correlated with the does of cimetidine pretreated. This result might be due to the inhibition of isoniazid metabolism in the liver by cimetidine pretreatment.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.1043-1049
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• 2016

A total of 16 growing pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc, average weight $71{\pm}2kg$) were used in this experiment for 24 days to determine the effect of replacing ground corn with barley varieties on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites. Each pig was housed individually in a metabolic cage with a nipple waterer and feeder. Four dietary treatments included control (a corn and soybean meal-based diet) and 3 barley varieties (Youngyang, Wooho, or Yuyeon barley replacing 40% of ground corn). Growth performance and nutrient digestibility were not affected by replacement of 40% of ground corn with one of the three barley varieties (p > 0.05), but final body weight was. As for blood characteristics, pig treated with all of the barley treatments had no effect (p > 0.05) on total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and glucose in comparison with control; however, there was a difference in high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels between the control and all of the barley replaced treatment groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in spite of statistically significant differences, each of the three barley varieties is a suitable substitute for ground corn in the diet of growing and fattening pigs without adverse effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood characteristics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.963-967
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• 2002

Eighteen crossbred goats were selected from the Institute's goat herd to determine the changes in hormones, blood metabolites and yield and composition of milk during lactation. The blood and milk samples were collected from each goat in a heparinized vacutainer tubes at fortnightly interval for a period of 150 days. In milk samples, fat, protein and lactose contents were estimated while in blood plasma hormones viz., prolactin, GH, cortisol, insulin, $T_4$ and $T_3$ were measured using radioimmunoassay methods. The plasma concentration of prolactin, GH and cortisol were high during early lactation when the goats acquired peak milk yield. During remainder of lactation their concentration varied. The high NEFA concentration during early lactation indicated mobilization of body reserves as the body weights also decrease during early lactation. However, with the advancement of lactation, the body weights of the goats and the concentration of NEFA declined which indicated utilization of NEFA for energy yielding purposes in addition to fatty acid synthesis. The ambient temperatures did not influence plasma concentration of prolactin, GH, insulin, $T_3$ and $T_4$ during the lactation cycle. The fat content of milk varied significantly (p<0.01) but protein and lactose content of milk remains unchanged during different stages of lactation. Growth hormone was positively correlated with insulin (p<0.05) during lactation while prolactin had a positive correlation with lactose and plasma NEFA (p<0.01) and negative correlation with $T_3$ (p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.370-378
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• 2017

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a specific mixture of essential oils (MEO), containing thyme, clove and cinnamon EO, on rumen microbial fermentation, nutrient apparent digestibility and blood metabolites in fistulated sheep. Methods: Six sheep fitted with ruminal fistulas were used in a repeated measurement design with two 24-d periods to investigate the effect of adding MEO at 0 (control), 0.8, and 1.6 mL/d on apparent nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial population and blood chemical metabolites. Animals were fed with a 50:50 alfalfa hay:concentrate diet. Results: Ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, molar proportion of individual VFA, acetate: propionate ratio and methane production were not affected with MEO. Relative to the control, Small peptides plus amino acid nitrogen and large peptides nitrogen concentration in rumen fluid were not affected with MEO supplementation; while, rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen concentration at 0 and 6 h after morning feeding in sheep fed with 1.6 mL/d of MEO was lower (p<0.05) compared to the control and 0.8 mL/d of MEO. At 0 h after morning feeding, ammonia nitrogen concentration was higher (p<0.05) in sheep fed 0.8 mL/d of MEO relative to 1.6 mL/d and control diet. Ruminal protozoa and hyper ammonia producing (HAP) bacteria counts were not affected by addition of MEO in the diet. Relative to the control, no changes were observed in the red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentration. Apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude proten, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber were not influenced by MEO supplementation. Conclusion:The results of the present study suggested that supplementation of MEO may have limited effects on apparent nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and protozoa and HAP bacteria count, blood cells and metabolites.