• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.213-225
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• 2022

Schisandra chinensis is widely known to regulate fatigue recovery, lowering blood pressure, and contains several bioactive compounds such as schizadran. In this study, we obtained basic data for the development of health food by measuring the schizandrin content, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity, and enzyme activity of the hot water extract (SCW) and 40% ethanol extract (SCE) of S. chinensis grown in Sunchang-gun, Korea. Schizandrin content was measured as 7.87 ± 0.01 mg/g for SCW and 10.38 ± 0.05 mg/g for SCE. SCE had higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity than SCW, and the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were also higher. Both SCW and SCE (500 ㎍/mL) exhibited more than 55% protective effects against oxidative stress in HepG2 cell lines. Anti-inflammatory efficacy was assessed using RAW 264.7 and Caco-2 cells and both SCW and SCE do not have cytotoxic effects. Anti-inflammatory results showed concentration-dependent NO activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) inhibition. The antibacterial activity increased with increasing dose concentrations of SCW and SCE, and the MIC was 25 mg/mL for L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium, and 75 mg/mL for H. pylori. In addition, amylase and protease enzyme activity was observed in both SCW and SCE.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.29-40
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• 2022

Objective : This study assessed the effect of a combination of Korean medicine on a thyroid papillary cancer patient who was diagnosed with local lymph node metastasis after thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection but did not want surgery. Methods : Gami-Palmultang administration and moxibustion(large Bmoxa cautery) were performed for six years. Treatment outcomes were evaluated with Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), blood test/ CT imaging results, and patient's statements. Results : After the treatment, all symptoms have been alleviated, the quality of life has increased, and it has been maintained without further metastasis of tumors for six years. Conclusion : Korean medicine treatment along with active observation can be an alternative to patients who do not want surgical treatment after recurrence of local lymph nodes in thyroid papillary cancer, and can have positive results in improving the quality of life.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.14
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• pp.17.1-17.23
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• 2023

Menopause is a physiological phase experienced by all women as part of normal aging known as menopause. Per se, menopause is not a disease, but hormonal imbalance may lead to menopausal symptoms in some women. The unani physician described that in Sinn-i-Inḥiṭāṭ/ Sinn al-Yās, Burūdat (coldness) increases lead to Ihtibās al-Tamth (amenorrhea) that can occur naturally. Besides, Khilt Dam (blood) production decreases from the liver, slight production occurs, tends towards Burūdat. Therefore, at this age, Ihtibās al-Tamth is associated with Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās(menopausalsymptoms) including weight gain, loss of appetite, hirsutism, fatigue, headache, backache, arthralgia, neck pain, general myalgia, nervousness, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The traditional Unani manuscripts are enriched with knowledge for the management of Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās. Consequently, an extensive exploration of classical texts concerning the management of Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās was undertaken. Moreover, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and other indexing databases were thoroughly explored for evidence-based approaches to managing menopausalsymptoms. The principle management as per Unani texts is to treat the cause of Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās. Unani medicines with emmenagogue, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties are beneficial for the amelioration of Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās. Unani Herbs such as Asgandh, Aslusūs, Khārkhasak, Tagar, Shuneez, Ustukhuddus, Zafran, and Majūn Najāh possess properties and are proven scientifically for their efficacy in Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās. Hence, the substantiation and preservation of traditional knowledge assume paramount importance in facilitating prospective research and proving invaluable in the modern era. Moreover, the conduct of randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses becomes imperative.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Although there have been several attempts to use virtual reality (VR) in the treatment of depression, the results have been inconsistent and existing studies have mostly relied on subjective measures to assess the effectiveness of VR in improving depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nature experience-based VR intervention on depressive symptoms in a young population using both subjective and objective measurements. The study population included 15 participants who had more than 14 identifiers of the Korean Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI)-II. Participants received three weeks (four times per week) of VR intervention. The effectiveness of VR was assessed through changes in K-BDI-II scores and depression-related blood biomarkers. Nature experience-based VR intervention led to an approximately 50% reduction of K-BDI-II score (before 25.7±7.7 vs. after 12.5±8.3 (P<0.001)). Of these, loss of pleasure and fatigue showed the largest amount of improvement. However, levels of cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and interleukin-6 did not differ from those at baseline. The findings of our pilot study suggest that nature experience-based VR can be a useful adjunctive treatment method for improving depressive symptoms in individuals who have difficulty accessing the real outside natural environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.4
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• pp.626-634
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of persimmon vinegar as a functional beverage by analyzing the effects of persimmon vinegar ingestion on the energy substrate during endurance exercise. The healthy male adolescents (n=8) drunk persimmon vinegar ingested trial (PSV) or purified water ingested trial as the control trial (CON) 1 h prior to the exercise with the 60% of maximal oxygen uptake ($\dot{V}O_{2max}$) for 1 h. The exercise intensity was increased to the 80% of $\dot{V}O_{2max}$ and remained until exhaustion. And, the physiological variables, blood components, and amounts of energy oxidation were analyzed. There was no significant difference between trials in physiological variables, and the heart rates after exhaustion were higher in PSV compared to CON. There was no significant difference between trials in blood glucose level, while the blood lactic acids decreased significantly in PSV 30 and 60 minutes after onset of exercise. The free fatty acids concentration increased significantly in PSV from 15 minutes to 60 minutes after onset of exercise. The carbohydrate oxidation decreased significantly in PSV from 45 minutes after exercise and, on the contrary, the fatty acids oxidation increased significantly for the same period. And, fatty acids oxidation was higher in PSV compared to CON even after exhaustion. The respiratory exchange ratio was lower significantly in PSV compared to CON from 30 minutes to 60 minutes after exercise, whereas lower in CON after total exhaustion. The exercise time to exhaustion was 41% longer in PSV compared to CON. These results showed that the persimmon vinegar increase the level of lipids metabolism and decrease sense of fatigue by inhibiting carbohydrate oxidation during moderate intensity exercise, suggesting the possibility of using of persimmon vinegar as exercise functional beverage when ingested 1 h prior to the endurance exercise performance.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.453-459
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• 2009

The purposes of this research were to evaluate the relationships of between characteristics of noise and annoyance of dental hygienist by noise in dental clinic. To investigate the dental clinic workers' reactions to noise when occurred in dental clinic, the noise level test in dental clinic and questionnaire were taken. As a result of noise evaluation, It shows that the range of noise level was 67.7~78.3dB(A) and frequency was very high (more than 4KHz). It's seem to be begins occurrence of stamina-loss, contraction of peripheral blood vessel, decrease of adrenocortical hormones. Most of respondents were affected by noise: 67% of respondents were nervous about noise and the rest of respondents were bearable. Analysis by NR-curve showed that it was exceed the noise permit level in working space. As a result of correlation - test, the more exposed dental hygienist to noise, the more felt the unpleasantness and fatigue. It's hard to sufficient explanation to patients about the dental treatment. So it's thoughts that insufficient explanation will negative impact on the patients' satisfaction and increase competitiveness in dental clinics. To remedy a unpleasantness and fatigue of noise in dental hygienist, it's considered that making an offer the ear protection and choosing the low noise-vib. equipment and using the masking effect. Therefore, It can be provide a pleasant working environment with dental hygienist and It will have a great advantage to dental clinics to improve their competitiveness.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.341-351
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• 2014

Purpose : In this study, the medication effects of Milnacipran and Pregabalin, as well known as fibromyalgia treatment medicine, in fibromyalgia syndrome patients were compared through the change of BOLD signal in pain related functional MRI. Materials and Methods: Twenty fibromyalgia syndrome patients were enrolled in this study and they were separated into two groups according to the treatment medicine: 10 Milnacipran (MLN) treatment group and 7 Pregabalin (PGB) treatment group. For accurate diagnosis, all patients underwent several clinical tests. Pre-treated and post-treated fMRI image with block-designed pressure-pain stimulation for each group were obtained to conduct the statistical analysis of paired t-test and two sample t-test. All statistical significant level was less than 0.05. Results: In clinical tests, the clinical scores of the two groups were not significantly different at pre-treatment stage. But, PGB treatment group had lower Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) score than those of MLN treatment group at post-treatment stage. In functional image analysis, BOLD signal of PGB treatment group was higher BOLD signal at several regions including anterior cingulate and insula than MLN treatment group at post-treatment stage. Also, paired t-test values of the BOLD signal in MLN group decreased in several regions including insula and thalamus as known as 'pain network'. In contrast, size and number of regions in which the BOLD signal decreased in PGB treatment group were smaller than those of MLN treatment group. Conclusion: This study showed that MLN group and PGB group have different medication effects. It is not surprising that MLN and PGB have not the same therapeutic effects since these two drugs have different medicinal mechanisms such as antidepressants and anti-seizure medication, respectively, and different detailed target of fibromyalgia syndrome treatment. Therefore, it is difficult to say which medicine will work better in this study.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the recovery time of biochemical changes of body after half-course marathon running. Materials and methods: Thirteen amateur half course marathon runners (12 males and 1 females) were studied. Their average age was 44 years old (range: $38{\sim}54$). Biochemical parameters with blood test including AST, ALT, CK-MB, Treponin, BUN, Cr Na, K were evaluated at finish line, 2nd days, 2nd weeks after running. Results: All the biochemical changes were within normal range throughout recovery time, AST reached its maximum level at finish line and continued until 2nd day after running and returned its pre-running level at 2nd week's test. CK-MB reached its maximum level 2nd day after running and recovered at 2nd week's test. Na, K, BUN and Cr reached to the maximum level at finish line, and recovered to pre-running level at 2nd day's test. Conclusion: In case of half-course marathon, the changes of the kidney enzymes due to dehydration were recovered after 2nd day. And the biochemical indicators of muscle fatigue recovered after 2nd week. It needs at least 2 weeks rest after half-course marathon to recover all the biochemical parameter of the body.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.57-64
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate risk factor found in the patients with stroke in physical therapy. A questionnaire survey was carried out for 130 the patients, who had comparatively alert mentality, hospitalized in kyung hee oriental medical hospital with stroke from January, 1st to May 31st, 1996. Major findings of this stuty were as follows. 1. The stroke patients 67(51.5%)were males and 63(48.5%) femals. The age groups of 50 to 69 years accounted for 67.6% of the total stroke patients are the highest. The job groups of commerce and business of patients 58.5%. The living groups of major citys of the revealed the highest incidence(40.8%). 2. There were 40 patients (30.8 %) who had hemorrhage related condions as the direct cause of their stroke, and 90 patients (69.2 %) who had cerebral infarction with no hemorrhaging as the cause. of the disease that the patients suffered from before their stroke, blood pressure related problems were most numberous 76 patients(58.5%) had such problems. 3. A month before their attack of stroke, were asked what thay thought could become the causes of their strokes. The most frequently mentioned answers were fatigue, drinking too much, and smoking, as chosen by 45 patients(34.6 %). 4. In regarding the relation between stress and stroke, (37.7%), of the surveyed belonged to the most numerous group had of people who said they were not under stress. Yet this group had a large number of parents. And 22.3 % of the surveyed named conflicts among parents, siblings, and relatives. 5. Questions were asked to find out the relationship between complications of stroke and smoking or drinking. It was surprising to see a high rate of attack among the 55.4 % majority who answered that they did not smoke nor drink. 6. To sum up the affect of food on attack of stroke, 42.5% of the people who had a sprcey and salty diet had a higher rate of attack then the group of people with leisurely nature. 7. Looking at the family history, 40.4% of the patients said their parents also suffered the disease. This percentage is the highest. And 40.0% answered that there is no one who suffered in their family history. Judging from the percentages and family.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.112-127
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• 1987

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission function disorder characterized by fatigue and weakness of voluntary muscles. This muscular weakness is intensified by activity and stress, and improved by the use of anticholinesterase compounds. It was initially described by Erb in 1879 and later named myasthenia gravis by Jolly in 1895. Although the pathogenesis is Known to be an autoimmune related reduction in the number of available acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions, the role of thymus in myasthenia gravis is still unclear and under investigation. Thymectomy in the management of myasthenia gravis has become increasingly important since Dr. Blalock observed in 1939 that some patients with thymic tumors and myasthenia gravis improved following thymectomy. A clinical study of 102 cases of myasthenia gravis was performed at Yonsei University College of Medicine. Seoul, Korea from Jan. 1976 to Jun. 1986. In order to determine which factors are of prognostic significance, attention is focused upon pre-operative patient evaluation, problems in operative and post-operative care, and long-term follow-up observations. The results were as follows: 1. The sex distribution was 67 females and 35 males, the mean age of onset was 28.95*1.69 years, and the maximal incidence occurred between 21 and 40 years of age [56 cases: 54.9%]. 2. Clinical manifestations of ocular symptoms were seen to 70 patients [68.6%] extremities weakness in 33 [32.3%], bulbar weakness in 29 [28.4%], and dyspnea in 13 [12.7%]. 3. Study cases more than two thirds were classified as mild types [MG 1 and MG 11A] and 6 cases as grave [MG 1V] based on the modified Osserman`s classification system, 4. Thymectomy was performed in 19 cases which presented in severe myasthenia symptoms and showed no improvement with cholinergic drugs. Histologic examination of the excised thymus glands revealed no abnormalities in 4 cases, thymic hyperplasia in 5, benign thymoma in 5, and malignant thymoma in 5. 5. Immediate post-operative complications included 2 cases of pneumothorax which were treated by tube thoracostomies, there was no operative mortality. 6. The response to cholinergic drugs in 36 cases younger than 20 years old and in 27 cases older than 40 years was relatively poor, while that in 35 cases between the ages of 21 and 40 years old was good. 7. Thirty of 39 cases in groups IIB, III & IV improved markedly with medical or surgical management while only 16 of 59 cases in the mild groups [I and IIA] improved, almost all surgical cases improved in all categories. 8. There were 5 deaths. occurring between 7 months and 3 years 3 months of treatment of myasthenia gravis. The causes of death were myasthenic crisis in 2 cases, respiratory failure due to candidiasis & radiation pneumonitis in one case, cerebral hemorrhage due to high blood pressure in two case.