• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.9-20
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• 2021

A technology to replace the traditional blood sampling method for glucose monitoring has been sought for a long time. It is now possible to measure the blood glucose change rate continuously for more than 24 hours using a minimally invasive method that does not involve blood collection. Furthermore, various technology development efforts are being made for innovative diabetes management through intermittent or continuous blood glucose monitoring in a non-invasive manner. In this paper, we present an overview of diabetes and the need for continuous blood glucose measurement techniques., and then introduce various non-invasive blood glucose measurement techniques currently being studied. In addition, through research and analysis of the recent commercialization development status of minimally invasive, non-invasive, and wearable continuous blood glucose measurement technologies, we examine global development trends of future technologies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.201-203
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• 2022

Over the past five years, the number of patients treated for diabetes has increased by 27.7% to 3.22 million, and since blood sugar is still checked through finger blood collection, continuous blood glucose measurement and blood sugar peak confirmation are difficult and painful. To solve this problem, based on blood sugar data measured for 14 days, three months of blood sugar prediction data are provided to diabetics using artificial intelligence technology.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1536-1545
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• 2023

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of UV-B irradiated vitamin D-enriched yeast supplementation on milk yield, milk composition, vitamin D in milk, milk fatty acids, blood chemistry, and 25(OH)D status in dairy cows. Methods: Six Thai Friesian cows (milk production, 11.2±2.0 kg/d; body weight, 415.0±20.0 kg; and days in milk, 90.0±6.0) were allocated to each treatment in a 3×3 Latin square design, with three treatments and three periods. Each period of the Latin square lasted 49 days consisting of 14 days for diet adaptation and 35 days for sample collection. Dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: i) feeding a basal diet without yeast (CON); ii) basal diet + 5 g of live yeast (75 IU/head/d of vitamin D₂; LY); and iii) basal diet + 5 g of UV-B irradiated vitamin D enriched yeast (150,000 IU/head/d of vitamin D₂; VDY). Feed intake and milk production were recorded daily, milk sample collection occurred on days 14 and 35 of each collection period, and blood plasma was collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 of each collection period. Results: The results show that after a trial period of 14 and 35 days, the VDY group had significantly higher vitamin D content in milk than the LY and CON groups (376.41 vs 305.15, 302.14 ng/L and 413.46 vs 306.76, 301.12 ng/L, respectively). At days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 of the experiment, cows fed the VDY group had significantly higher 25(OH)D₂ status in blood than the CON and LY groups (51.07 vs 47.16, 48.05 ng/mL; 54.96 vs 45.43, 46.91 ng/mL; 56.16 vs 46.87, 47.16 ng/mL; 60.67 vs 44.39, 46.17 ng/mL and 63.91 vs 45.88, 46.88 ng/mL), respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, UV-B irradiated vitamin D-enriched yeast supplementation could improve vitamin D content in the milk and 25(OH)D status in dairy cows during the lactation period.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.201-220
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• 2011

Objectives : This study is designed to improve the practical possibility using Blood-Letting therapy through reviewing the literature recorded in the Donguibogam. Methods : Records on Blood-Letting therapy have been extracted from Donguibogam. First all articles containing the key words 'Hyul (血)' and 'Rak (絡)' have been extracted. Of them, records associated with Blood-Letting therapy had been sited and classified in terms of searching patterns for the Blood-Letting area, instruments for Blooding-Letting, cautions and side effects for the practice, applicable symptoms, acupoints/extraordinary acupoints, and Blood-Letting areas. Results : The regions capable of Blood-Letting are generally engaged with abnormal skin color such as black, bluish red, dark purple, dark blue, etc, and localized collection of fibrous exudate. There are several instruments used for Blood-Letting therapy; Samreongchim (三陵鍼), Chogyong (草莖), Pichim (鈹鍼), Lodaeguan (蘆管尖), Sachim (砂鍼), Saechim (細鍼), Gichim (?鍼), Eunjam (銀簪), nail, etc. Several cautions and side effects of the Blood-Letting therapy are presented. The Blood-Letting therapy could be applied to broad spectrum of symptoms. Body parts being applied were not only several acupoints but also effective points of the body. Conclusions : This study shows that Donguibogam represents Blood-Letting therapy in clear fashion so as to enhance the convenience and its practicality.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.231-240
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• 2017

Objectives : This study was designed to establish the basis for expanding the indications for Blood-letting therapy by reviewing the contents recorded in the Zhenjiudacheng. Methods : Articles associated with the Blood-letting therapy were categorized according to the factors such as the characteristics of the treatment site, the used instruments, the caution, the side effects, the diseases, the acupoints, etc. Results : 1. The characteristics of treatment site were the red, purple, purplish red, purplish black color and the localized collection of fibrous exudate. 2. There were several instruments used for Blood-letting therapy; Samreongchim, Sochim, Loguan, Stone needle, Jukyeop, etc. 3. Several cautions and side effects of the Blood-letting therapy were recorded in the Zhenjiudacheng. 4. The Blood-letting therapy could be performed for a broad spectrum of symptoms such as headaches, backaches, schizophrenia, hyperemia, etc. 5. Not only acupoints but also extra points were used for blood-Letting therapy. 6. In addition to the usual Blood-letting region, Blood-letting therapy was performed directly on the pathologic site and pathologic reaction site. Conclusions : In the Zhenjiudacheng, Blood-letting therapy was described in a concrete and substantive manner in order to enable practical clinical application.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.399-410
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the incidence of blood hemolysis and repeated blood sampling and to identify factors contributing to hemolysis and repeated blood sampling in the emergency department. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Participants were the patients who came to emergency department and are required a blood sampling for electrolyte level. All blood samples were collected by emergency department nurses and determined for hemolysis by experienced laboratory technologists. Data were analyzed using $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney u test and Binary Logistic Regression to determine significant differences. Results: A total of 402 valid samples were collected. Of these, 30 blood samples (7.5%) were found to be hemolyzed and 9 (2.2%) to be recollected. Statistically significant factors affecting on hemolysis and repeated blood sampling included the time of bloods sampling (night), the time of tourniquet application, and too-fast blood draw into the test tube. Conclusion: We recommend that nurses who take the blood sampling to consider the findings of the study and take the related factors into account as they set up the standardized care protocol in order for nursing quality improvement.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

Peripheral bood stem cell collection (PBSCC), including peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT), has been utilized worldwide as a very beneficial treatment method instead of allogenic Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) because it has many advantages such as rapid bone marrow engraftment and hematopoietic recovery, easy and safe accessibility and lower risk of rejection compared with allogenic BMT. In order to identify most the observable parameter in PBSCC, we analyzed various hematological parameters before and after PBSCC, and evaluated the correlation between the time of bone marrow engraftment and the number of CD34+ cells. Thirteen patients, who underwent 54 PBSCCs from January, 2003 to August, 2004 at Chungnam National University Hospital due to various systemic neoplasms, were analyzed in aspects of various hematological parameters including CD34+ cells using by Flow Cytometry (FCM). PBSCC harvests are described below: Mononuclear cells (MNC) $2.3{\pm}1.4{\times}10^8/kg$ and CD34+ cells $0.63{\pm}0.35{\times}10^6/kg$ on average, respectively. There was a statistical significance in Hb and Hct before and after PBSCC, but not in WBC and platelet counts. The period to reach the hematological bone marrow engraftment was 13.4(10~21) days and 19.5(11~38) days according to the criteria of absolute neutrophile counts (ANC) ${\geq}500/uL$ and platelet counts ${\geq}50,000/{\mu}L$ in peripheral blood, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the numbers of CD34+ cell and ANC (p<0.05), and a borderline significance between MNC and ANC (p=0.051). We found that a group of patients, who were infused with CD34+ cells more than $3.5{\times}10^6/kg$, reached more rapidly the period of bone marrow engraftment in platelet counts (p=0.040). This present study suggested that Hb and Hct were the most useful parameters and should be closely monitored before and after PBSCC, that a PBSCT with the dosage of more than $3.5{\times}10^6/kg$ of CD34+ cells was needed to perform successful bone marrow engraftment, and additionally that platelet counts could be more useful in indicating bone marrow engraftment than ANC.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2023

Purpose The reference range described in Adrenocorticotropic Hormone reagent used in our laboratory is 10-60 pg/mL at 8 a.m. to 10 a.m., and 6-30 pg/mL at 8 p.m. to 10 p.m. However, in the case of outpatients, blood is mainly collected between 10 a.m. and 6 p.m., accounting for 57.8% of the total. Therefore, This study is intended to help make a more accurate diagnosis by reevaluating the reference range provided by the manufacturer of the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone reagent and setting split-timed reference range. Materials and Methods The patients collected blood before 10 a.m. were group A (68 people), and the patients collected blood after 10 a.m. were set to group B (80 people). A T-test was performed between groups to test their significance. And it was confirmed whether it was necessary to set the gender classification as a subgroup. The method of setting the reference range was calculated by the Bayesian's method and the Hoffmann's method. Results The reference range of Group A was 8.6 to 60.6 pg/mL by the Bayesian's method, and the Hoffmann's method was 3.6 to 61.3 pg/mL. The reference range of Group B was 6.9 to 50.5 pg/mL when applying the Bayesian's method, and the Hoffmann method's was 2.3 to 48.9 pg/mL. Conclusion This study was concluded that it was necessary to set the split-timed reference range. Through this study, the later the blood collection time, the lower the level of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, indicating that blood collection time is important for patients with clinical significance. If a large number of subjects are selected and supplemented in the future, it is believed that systematic and accurate reference range can be set.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.194-201
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the valid time for accurate detection of complete blood cell count (CBC) in pig blood using an automatic blood corpuscle analyzer (Hemavet 950FS). Blood samples were collected from 34 pigs (Duroc) with a 60 kg (${\pm}3.5$) body weight. Ten specimens with CBC parameters in normal range and with no hemolysis were selected among 34 samples and used in this study. Regarding leukocytes parameters, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NE), and lymphocyte (LY) counts showed a low daily variation (coefficient of variation, CV), whereas monocyte (MO), eosinophil (EO), and basophil (BA) CVs were significantly high (19.7, 56.9, and 53.3%, respectively). On the other hand, all parameters of erythrocytes and thrombocytes showed stable daily variation. All parameters of leukocytes and thrombocytes were significantly reduced as storage time passed (P<0.01 or 0.001), except for lymphocytes (P=0.535). However, no significant differences were observed in parameters of erythrocytes from blood up to 120 hours. From above results, we assert that Hemavet 950FS is useful in analyzing CBC, except for MO, EO, and BA. For accurate detection of leukocyte and thrombocyte parameters, analysis should be performed within 4 hours after blood collection when using Hemavet 950FS. On the other hand, parameters of erythrocytes could be stably detected for at least 120 hours after blood collection.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.429.1-429.1
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• 2002

In the patients with hematologic and solid tumors. clinical application of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) increases to reconstitute hematopoiesis after high-dose chemotherapy. To mobilize PBSCs. the hematopietic growth factors have been widely used as single treatment or after chemotherapy. The important issue in the collection of PBSCs is to predict their potential capability to reconstitute hematopoiesis. which depends on optimal time of leukapheresis and the quantity of collected PBSCs. (omitted)