• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2018

Background: Danggwisusan is a herbal medicine which is used to treat bruises, static blood, external injuries, and somatalgia in Korean medicine. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether Danggwisusan hot aqueous extract had an inhibitory effect upon inflammatory cytokine production and oxidation. Methods: Cytotoxic activity of Danggwisusan extract was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The amount of nitric oxide produced was measured using Griess reagent. Prostaglandin E2 production was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. Inflammatory cytokines ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$) were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The anti-oxidative effect of Danggwisusan was measured by the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl method. The amount of polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured by Folin and Ciocalteauea phenol reagent and aluminum nitrate. Results: Danggwisusan hot aqueous extracts did not show significant toxicity at 10, 20, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$. At a dose of $100{\mu}g/mL$, Danggwisusan hot aqueous extract significantly inhibited nitric oxide and $PGE_2$ production, and significantly reduced $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production. At a dose of $100{\mu}g/mL$, 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging capability was over 50%. Conclusion: This study showed that Danggwisusan hot aqueous extract may have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects on macrophages.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.249-251
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• 2015

In this study, the application of biosensor having a large surface area for more effective and AAO (anomic aluminium oxide) template in order to gain concentration and voltage of anodizing process morphology changes to the control of experiments were conducted. The biosensor surface may increase the response characteristics by having a large surface area. So the entrance to a little more efficient wide depth sensing experiment was carried out to obtain a structure body with a branch shape with a large surface area with increasing. Experimental results from the FE-SEM observation was obtained template morphology. As a result, depending on the anodizing time, the depth of the layer of aluminum oxide was found that it was confirmed that the deepening of the pore size changes according to anodizing condition. And measuring the detection performance according to the conditions in the electrolyte and the reaction because of blood using a biosensor measuring sensing property according to the depth of the pore depth is considered that does not have a significant impact.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.361-366
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• 1996

본 연구는 $^{99}Mo-^{99m}Tc$ 발생기시스템에서 용출될 수 있는 알루미늄이 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP의 표지효율과 생체내 분포에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 보기 위한 실험이다. 알루미늄이온 농도 ($0-62.5{\mu}g/ml$)를 증가시킬수록 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP의 표지효율은 급격히 떨어지며 상대적으로 $^{99m}Tc$ pertechnetate와 hydrolyzed reduced $^{99m}Tc$ 부위의 상대적인 양은 증가되었다. $^{99m}Tc$-MDP는 알루미늄 존재하에서도 상당히 안정하였다. 알루미늄에 의해 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP 반응물이 교질을 형성하는지를 보기 위해 $0.22{\mu}m$ syringe filter로 여과한 액은 여과하지 않은 것과 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 마우스에 대한 생체내 분포실험은 알루미늄에 의해 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP의 표지효율이 떨어지고 $^{99m}Tc$ pertechnetate의 증가로 인해 혈액과 심장의 흡수는 증가하나 간과 뼈의 흡수는 별다른 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 랫트의 골스캔에서는 $5{\mu}g/ml$의 알루미늄농도에서는 영상의 차이가 없으나 $10{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서는 하복부의 흡수가 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 알루미늄이 $^{99}Mo-^{99m}Tc$ 발생기시스템 칼럼의 용출제한량인 $10{\mu}g/ml$이하에서도 MDP의 표지효율에 상당한 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 따라서$^{99m}Tc$-MDP 골스캔시 연조직에의 흡수가 보이는 경우에도 방사성의약품의 방사화학적 순도에 대한 정도관리가 충분히 이루어 졌다면 $^{99}Mo-^{99m}Tc$ 발생기시스템에서 용출되는 알루미늄에 의한 영향은 배제될 수 있다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.673-680
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 PLA를 기반으로 알루미늄, 나무, 구리, 카본, 대리석이 각각 20% 함유된 재질들의 CT number를 분석하고 영상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하고자 하였다. 보급형 3D 프린터를 이용하여 5×30×30 ㎣(두께×직경×높이)의 원기둥 모양 팬텀을 제작하였다. 관전압을 80, 100, 120 kV로 변화시키고, 관전류초를 100, 200 mAs로 변화시켜 테이블 중앙에 놓인 팬텀을 총 6가지 조건으로 횡단 스캔하였다. Image J를 이용하여 원형의 ROI를 설정하고 물질부 CT number의 정량값과 주변부 CNR의 정량값을 구하였다. 물질부의 CT number 평균값은 PLA-나무20%, PLA-대리석20%, PLA-카본20%, PLA-100%, PLA-알루미늄20%, PLA-구리20% 순으로 높아졌고(p<0.05), kV 증가에 따른 CT number는 음의 상관성을 확인하였다. 주변부의 CNR값은 PLA-대리석20%, PLA-구리20%, PLA-카본20%, PLA-나무20%, PLA-알루미늄20%, PLA-100% 순으로 증가 됨을 확인하였다(p<0.05). 각 재료별 HU 값과 유사한 인체 장기는 PLA-구리20%는 치밀골, PLA-알루미늄20%는 해면골, PLA-100%는 응고된 혈액, PLA-카본20%와 PLA-대리석20%는 간, 근육, 비장, PLA-나무20%는 지방과 유사한 값이었다. 또한 모든 재료에서 필라멘트 주변부 영상을 흐리게 하는 흐림 현상을 확인하였고 특히 PLA-100%에서 영상 주변부 흐림 현상이 가장 많은 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 의료용팬텀 제작의 재질을 선정할 때 목표 장기의 HU 값을 반영하고, 팬텀 주변부의 흐림 현상을 고려하는 것이 바람직하다고 판단하며 본 연구가 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.82-92
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• 1993

A comparative study was undertaken to evaluate the contact Neo-dymium : yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG) laser system for vascular anastomosis of small caliber blood vessels(diameter 0.5-1.2 mm) in the animal model. In this study 40 femoral arteries and 40 femoral veins of Sprague-Dawley rats were anastomosed by contact laser assisted microvascular anastomosis(LAMA) utilizing 3 stay sutures which were placed 120 degrees apart and the intervals welded with contact Nd:YAG laser unit, conventionally sutured anastomosis(CSA) served as controls. The time needed for vascular anastomosis, patency rate(immediate postoperative, postoperative 2nd day, postoperative 1 week, postoperative 4 weeks), gross and microscopic evaluations were compared to conventional microsurgical suture technique. The results are as follows: 1. Postoperative patency rate was 82.5% for femoral artery and 75% for femoral vein by contact LAMA technique compared to 90% and 75% by CSA technique at postoperative 4 weeks. 2. Less time-consumed for arterial anastomosis by 6 minutes 23 seconds and venous anastomosis by 8 minutes 55 seconds with contact LAMA technique compared to CSA technique. 3. Grossly almost complete healing had taken place by postoperative 1 week by contact LAMA technique. 4. Aneurysm formation was 5% for femoral artery and 15% for femoral vein by contact LAMA technique compared to 5% and 10% respectively by CSA technique. 5. Microscopically, re-endothelization was complete by postoperative 7th day by contact LAMA technique. There was less medial hypertrophy and hyperplasia and also less inflammatory response compared to CSA.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.921-925
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• 2015

매년마다 신장질환으로 고통 받는 사람들이 증가하는 추세이다. 가장 흔한 치료법 중 하나는 혈액 투석인데, 이 방법은 많은 시간이 걸리고, 비용이 많이 드는 방법이다. 이러한 이유 때문에, 인공신장 연구의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 혈액에서 크레아티닌을 여과하는 것은 신장의 주요 기능 중 하나이다. 우리는 이 기능에 초점을 맞춘 새로운 2 채널 마이크로 플루이딕 칩을 고안하였다. 두 개의 PDMS 층을 결합하기 위하여, 아크릴을 가공한 하우징 시스템이 개발하였으며, 이 방법은 여과막을 쉽게 바꿀 수 있다는 이점이 있다. 우리는 알루미늄 양극 산화물(AAO)을 여과막으로 사용하였다. 여과된 용액은 자페반응(Jaffe reation)을 이용하여, 크레아티닌 농도별 흡광도 차이를 분석하였다. 크레아티닌의 양에 대한 표준식을 만들어, 측정한 데이터를 보간하여 여과된 용액의 농도를 확인하였다. 실험을 통하여 유량 및 크레아티닌 농도에 따른 여과율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1067-1075
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• 2007

Twenty eight 3-4 month old castrated Black Bengal kids (Capra hircus) were used to determine the effects of source and level of dietary copper (Cu) concentration on their performance and nutrient utilization. Cu was supplemented (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg diet DM) as copper sulfate ($CuSO_4$, $5H_2O$) or copper proteinate (Cu-P). Kids were fed a basal diet containing maize (19.5%), soybean (17.0%), deoiled rice bran (56.5%), molasses (4.0%), di-calcium phosphate and salt (1.0% each) and mineral and vitamin mixture (0.5% each) supplements at 3.5% of body weight to meet NRC (1981) requirements for protein, energy, macro minerals and micro minerals, excluding Cu. The basal diet contained 5.7 mg Cu/kg, 122.5 mg Fe/kg, 110 mg Zn/kg, 0.26 mg Mo/kg and 0.32% S. $CuSO_4$ or Cu-P was added to the basal diet at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg. Kids were housed in a well ventilated shed with facilities for individual feeding in aluminum plated metabolic cages. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 0, 30, 60 and 90 to determine hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC) and serum enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, alanine transferase and aspertate transferase). A metabolism trial of 6 days duration was conducted after 90 days of experimental feeding. Statistical analysis revealed that source and level of Cu supplementation improved live weight gain (p<0.04) and average daily gain (p<0.01). No significant contribution of source and level of Cu to alter serum serum enzymes was evident. Goats fed Cu-P tended to have higher Hb, PCV and TEC than with $CuSO_4$ supplementation. Cu-P increased digestibility of ether extract (EE, p<0.02) and crude fiber (p<0.05) and showed an increasing trend (p<0.09) for digested crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF). Supplemental dose of Cu linearly improved (p<0.02) digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), EE and nitrogen free extract (NFE). Though the absorption of nitrogen (N) was not affected (p>0.10) by both source and dose of Cu, N retention was affected (p<0.04) and there was a significant $Source{\times}Dose$ interaction (p<0.05). Final body weight (BW) was not influenced (p>0.10) by the source of Cu but increasing dose of Cu increased (p<0.04) the BW of kids. TDN intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$) was higher (p<0.05) with the increased dose of Cu and there was a significant $Source{\times}Dose$ interaction. It was concluded that supplementation of Cu from different sources and varying dose level in a concentrate based diet may improve performance, nutrient utilization and plane of nutrition in castrated Black Bengal kids. The effects on performance and nutrient utilization are more pronounced with Cu-P than $CuSO_4$ supplementation. Higher dose of Cu showed better result than lower dose.

• 분석과학
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2010

사건현장 증거물에 존재하는 지문으로는 혈액, 페인트, 잉크와 같이 색을 보유한 물질에 접촉한 후 증거물에 유류되어 육안확인이 가능한 현재지문(visible fingerprint)과 비누, 왁스와 같은 부드러운 증거물에 압착 유류되어지는 압착지문(plastic fingerprint), 땀성분이나 생활속에서 유지류(oil)등에 오염되어 육안확인이 어려운 잠재지문(latent fingerprint)형태로 존재한다. 그 중 유지문(oil-contaminated fingerprint)은 식용유(soybean oil), 자동차 엔진오일(engine oil)을 비롯한 공업용 윤활유인 합성윤활유 및 산업현장 기계류에 사용되는 그리스와 같은 유지류에 의해 오염된 지문이 증거물에 유류되어 육안으로 식별하기 어려운 지문이며 이의 현출법에 대한 표준화 현출법은 미비하다. 이에 본 연구는 사건현장에서의 다빈도 채택증거물인 유리, 플라스틱, 알루미늄 대상물질에 식용유, 총기윤활유(LSA), 엔진오일로 오염된 유지문을 ultraviolet 광원을 이용한 광학적인 방법과 분말법 및 화학적 현출법으로 현출하기전 동결전처리법을 시도하고 분말법, cyanoacrylate (CA) fuming법, 형광발색법을 이용한 연속적 재처리법을 이용하여 최적 현출법을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2006

In order to search the availability of the lectin extracted from Korean mistletoe(Viscum album coloratum) as an adjuvant for the avian vaccines, attempts were made to determine toxicity of the lectin in chicks and its immunostimulating activity on the inactivated vaccines against Newcastle disease virus(NDV). For the determination of toxicity, the lectin was injected into the thigh muscle of SPF chicks(Charles River) of 1-week-old and observed hematologically and pathologically. For the determination of immunostimulating effects, lectin-adjuvanted, inactivated NDV vaccines were injected into the thigh muscle of SPF chicks in the same age group. Sera of the chicks were examined for the hemagglutination-inhibition(HI) antibodies induced, their HI titers and reaction to the NDV antigens. The data were further compared with those from aluminum hydroxide [$Al(OH)_3$]-adjuvanted vaccines and vaccines without adjuvant, and the results are as follows. There were no significant changes observed in the values of RBC, WBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine and total proteins in the chicks administered with lectin of 1.1, 2.2 and $22.2{\mu}g/kg$ body weight, which means the lectin has no effects on blood values and functions of liver and kidney. In histopathologic observation, no lesions were observed in the brain, heart, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, thymus and bursa of Fabricius of the chicks administered with lectin of 1.1, 2.2 and $22.2{\mu}g/kg$ body weight. There were inflammatory lesions, such as congestion, hemorrhage, edema, infiltration of macrophages and coagulation necrosis observed in the thigh muscle of chicks administered with lectin of $22.2{\mu}g/kg$ body weight, whereas no changes were observed in 1.1 and $22.2{\mu}g/kg$ lectin administered chicks. In chicks immunized with lectin($4.4{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight)-adjuvanted B1, LaSota and Ulster 2C vaccines, HI titers in reciprocal values for $log_2$ were 1.8-2.2 at 1 week after vaccination, which was similar with those of 1.5-2.9 by $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccines. The HI titers by the lectin-adjuvanted vaccines reached to 3.9-5.3 at 4 weeks, whereas those by the $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccines were more high as 7.3-9.3. Meanwhile, the immunostimulating effects of the lectin were recognized while compared to the HI titers with 2.4-3.7 in chicks immunized with vaccines without adjuvants at 4 weeks after vaccination. The chicks immunized with lectin-adjuvanted vaccines were enough to resist challenges by Kyojeongwon strain, a very virulent NDV at 4 weeks after vaccination as well as chicks immunized with $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccines. The HI titers by the lectin-adjuvanted vaccines reached to high level as 8.7-10.3 as those with 8.2-9.6 by the $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccines at 6 weeks after vaccination, which may be the booster effects by the challenge virus. Antibodies specific to the HN and F antigens of NDV were observed in the sera of both chicks immunized with lectin-adjuvanted vaccines and $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccines.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 1972

Zinc is one of the essential trace elements in the living organism for growth and health. The first identified metalloenzyme, carbonic anhydrase, is a zinc compound and several others have been described since. Among zinc deficiency syndromes in animals porcine parakeratosis has been successfully treated with zinc supplements, and in man a syndrome of anemia, hypogonadism, hepatosplenomegaly, and dwarfism, prevalent in parts of Iran and Egypt, has been ascribed to lack of zinc in the diet. Dietary zinc excess in the rat is manifested by a hypochromic, microcytic anemia, poor growth, reduction in liver catalase and cytochrome oxidase. The present study is an attempt to delineate the changes of tissue contents of trace elements, especially of iron, copper and zinc in liver and kidneys of the rats. Weanling albino rats, weighing 60 to 80gm. were used in this experiments. The rats were housed in cages with aluminum floors and received feed and distilled water ad libitum. Animals were divided into three groups, control, low zinc diet and high zinc diet groups. The high zinc diet group was subdivided into 0.5% Zn and 0.7%Zn groups. The supplementary copper or iron was added to the high dietary zinc groups. The animals were sacrificed and the tissues were washed several times with deionized water. The wet digested samples were analyzed by Hitachi Model 207 atomic absorption spectro-photometer for the determination of iron, copper and zinc in the liver and kidney. Hemoglobin level in the blood was measured by cyanmethemoglobin method. The results of this study are as follows: 1) All rats fed high zinc diets and low zinc diets gained less weight than control. Weight gain was not improved by the supplementary copper or iron and both. 2) Hemoglobin concentration was decreased significantly in the rats fed high zinc diets and less in the low zinc diet. Supplementary copper and iron to the higher zinc diet appeared to give some improvement of anemia. 3) The iron contents of the liver and kidneys were significantly decreased in the high zinc groups and the reduction was more significantly in the rats receiving higher zinc diet (0.7%). The supplementary copper caused a further depression of liver iron. On the other hand, the iron, added to the high zinc diet lessoned the severity of the decrease in liver iron and caused kidney iron to be maintained almost at the level found in the rats fed by zinc and supplementary copper diet. 4) High zinc diets did not change copper content of the liver and kidney. Supplementary copper elevated the concentration in the liver and kidney and added iron had no effect on the accumulation of copper in the liver and kidneys. 5) The high zinc diets caused marked increases of zinc content in the liver and kidney. Supplementary iron to the high zinc diet caused increases of zinc contents of liver and kidneys.