• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.625-638
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship of dietary factors to blood pressure in 5th and 6th grade school children. Salt threshold, salt preference and nutrition knowlege about blood pressure were tested. Twenty-four hour urines were collected for the measurements of the volume and concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and urea nitrogen. 1) Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of elementary school children were 106.8/67.6mmHg in males and 108.7/69.5mmHg in females. Seven children(4%) of total subjects were found to be hypertensive. Their mean blood pressure was 130.0/86.4mmHg. 2) Urinary excretions of creatinine and urea nitrogen during twenty-four hours were 621.1mg and 1524mg, respectively. The mean daily urinary sodium excretion was 2940mg, which is equivalent to 7.37g NaCl. 3) The daily urinary excretions of other minerals were as follows; potassium was 1301mg, chloride, 4991mg, calcium, 55.7mg and phosphorus, 700.03mg. 4) Salt preference of hypertensive children90.473$\pm$0.275) was significantly higher than those of normotensive children(0.473$\pm$0.213%), but salt threshold was lower in hypertensives(0.105$\pm$0.04%) than normotensives(0.081$\pm$0.022%) (p<0.05). INdices for assessing obesity, such as body weight, triceps skinfold, weight for heigth and body surface area, were high in hypertensive children than normotensive children(p<0.05). But there was no significant difference in energy and nutrient intakes between two groups. 5) Various anthropometric measurements had positive correlations with blood pressure, but body muscle mass(%) had a negative correlation with blood pressure. And daily energy and nutrient intakes were not related to blood pressure. 6) Blood pressures-both systolic and diastolic-were significantly correlated with urinary excretions of potassium and chloride. Daily sodium excretion was related to systolic blood pressure, but no related to diastolci blood pressure. There was no relationship of salt threshold to salt preference, and neither threshold nor preference was related to blood pressure. Results of this study suggest that nutrition education program for children including the information about desirable food habits for the prevention of hypertension should be developed.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2011

It is well recognized that conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (ONCAB) often leads to major organ dysfunction including renal injury. Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of nephropathy and poor clinical outcomes. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the occurrence of adverse outcomes including renal impairment between diabetic (n=75, DM group) and non-diabetic patients (n=72, Non-DM group) underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (OPCAB). Fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, fructosamine, fibrinogen and serum osmolality levels in the DM group were higher than those of the Non-DM group at pre-operative (Pre-OP) period ($P$ <0.05). History of hypertension and renal impairment in the DM group was higher than that of the Non-DM group ($P$ <0.05). Potassium ($K^+$), blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were higher, whereas sodium ($Na^+$) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) levels were lower in the DM group than the Non-DM group at peri-operative period ($P$ <0.05). Fasting glucose levels at Pre-OP period had positive correlations with blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels at peri-operative period, but negative correlations with GFR levels at peri-operative period in the DM group ($P$ <0.05). Incidences of renal impairment, diuretic therapy or continuous renal replacement therapy and fever in the DM group were higher than those of the Non-DM group at post-operative period ($P$ <0.05). These results suggest that blood glucose level should be tightly controlled at peri-operative period to avoid renal dysfunction in diabetic patients.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2016

Background: Ginsenoside Rd (GSRd), a main component of the root of Panax ginseng, exhibits anti-inflammation functions and decreases infarct size in many injuries and ischemia diseases such as focal cerebral ischemia. M1 Macrophages are regarded as one of the key inflammatory cells having functions for disease progression. Methods: To investigate the effect of GSRd on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and macrophage functional status, and their regulatory role on mouse polarized macrophages in vitro, GSRd (10-100 mg/kg) and vehicle were applied to mice 30 min before renal IRI modeling. Renal functions were reflected by blood serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen level and histopathological examination. M1 polarized macrophages infiltration was identified by flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence staining with $CD11b^+$, $iNOS^+$/interleukin-12/tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ labeling. For the in vitro study, GSRd ($10-100{\mu}g/mL$) and vehicle were added in the culture medium of M1 macrophages to assess their regulatory function on polarization phenotype. Results: In vivo data showed a protective role of GSRd at 50 mg/kg on Day 3. Serum level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen significantly dropped compared with other groups. Reduced renal tissue damage and M1 macrophage infiltration showed on hematoxylin-eosin staining and flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining confirmed this improvement. With GSRd administration, in vitro cultured M1 macrophages secreted less inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$. Furthermore, macrophage polarization-related pancake-like morphology gradually changed along with increasing concentration of GSRd in the medium. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that GSRd possess a protective function against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via downregulating M1 macrophage polarization.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1164-1169
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• 2001

A five-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic chromium from different sources on growth performance, immune response and serum parameters of weaned pigs. One hundred and eighty Tianjin white pigs weaned at $35{\pm}1$ days of age, were allotted to three treatments with six replicates and10 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed corn-soybean-whey-fishmeal basal diets with either no supplemental Cr, $200{\mu}g/kg$ Cr as chromium picolinate (CrPi), or $200{\mu}g/kg$ Cr as chromium yeast (Cr-yeast). To assess humoral immune response, all pigs were immunized with swine fever virus on day 21 and two pigs from each pen were immunized with pure albumin on day 14. Cell-mediated immunity was measured by determining the double skinfold thickness (DST) of two pigs from each pen before and 24h after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on day 28. The results indicated that: (1) diets with Cr-yeast increased average daily gain (ADG, p<0.05) and tended to increase average daily feed intake (ADFI, p<0.10). Diets with CrPi did not increase ADG and ADFI (p>0.05). (2) Dietary CrPi or Cr-yeast supplementation did not affect blood urea nitrogen, glucose, or cholesterol (p>0.05), but blood urea nitrogen in CrPi and Cr-yeast supplemented groups and blood glucose in the Cr-yeast supplemented group were significantly influenced by sampling days (p<0.05). (3) Serum proteins (TP, ALB, and GLB) were influenced by sampling days (p<0.05), but not by dietary Cr treatment (p>0.10). (4) There were no significant differences among treatments in the titers of albumin antibody and swine fever virus antibody (p>0.05) or DST before and after PHA stimulation (p>0.05), indicating that organic chromium has no significant effect on the immune function of weaning pigs. Therefore, these results agree with other research that the effects of supplemental Cr are variable in weanling pigs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-37
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to estimate the sodium and potassium intakes and their metabolisms of preschool children, and to evaluate the relationship between the blood pressure and the related variables. The subjects consisted of ninety-five preschool children aged two to six years (male 57, female 38). Twenty-four hour urines of subjects were collected for the measurements of their volume, sodium, potassium, creatinine and urea nitrogen. At the same time, the questionnaire was designed to assess the sodium and potassium intakes. The' results obtained were as follows; 1) The urinary excretion of sodium in 24 hours was 54.6$\pm$22.4mEq(orI255.8mg)and dietary sodium intake was 2147.0$\pm$518.4mg. The dietary sodium intake significantly increased with increasing age(p=O.0151). However, daily sodium intake per unit body surface area did not show significant difference by age. 2)The urinary excretion of potassium in 24 hours was 14.2$\pm$7.6 mEq (or 555.2mg) and the potassium intake was 1133.8mg. 3) The urinary excretions of creatinine and urea nitrogen were 240.2$\pm$126.2mg and 2946.7$\pm$1693.9mg, respectively. 4) The principal food SOUTce of sodium intake was the seasoning group, which con\ulcornertributed 49.9% to total sodium intake. 5) The main food source of potassium intake was milk and milk products; from which 28.6% of total potassium intake was obtained. 6) The blood pressure showed highly positive correlations with height, weight and body surface area (p$\leq$O.OOl) . In addition, the blood pressure was found to be correlat\ulcornered with urinary sodium excetion and dietary sodium intake (p$\leq$O.Ol).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2020

The fruit, leaves, and roots of Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cough, diarrhea, and itching. However, the anti-fatigue effects of E. multiflora fruit (EMF) extract have not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of EMF on fatigue and exercise performance in BALB/c mice. EMF was orally administered to mice at four doses (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. The anti-fatigue activity was evaluated by determining the exhaustive swimming time. Blood lactate and glucose levels and serum lactate levels after a 10 min swimming time, as well as ammonia, creatine kinase (CK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glycogen contents after exhaustive swimming time were measured. The exhaustive swimming time of the EMF 200 group was significantly increased (p <0.01). The EMF groups showed significantly low levels of CK, BUN, LDH, and lactate compared with the control group (p <0.05). Increased liver glycogen was observed in the EMF 200 group (p <0.05). These results suggest that EMF can be utilized as an efficacious natural resource for its anti-fatigue effects.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.138-143
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• 1993

초산납을 투여한 rat에 양파즙을 투여하여 양파의 납해독 능력 유무를 알아보기 위한 본 연구에서 다음 결론을 얻었다. 납만 투여한 P군은 28일간에 대조군보다 30.2% 낮은 체중 증가를 보이나 납과 함께 양파즙을 투여한 OP군은 P군보다 증가율이 약 3% 향상되었다. 외관과 해부소견상 P군은 3~4주째 OP군 보다 뚜렷한 납중독 현상 즉 경련 탈진 간변색 위점막 염증 등을 보였다. P군에서 혈청 GPT, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase 값이 대조군 보다 각각 57.0, 50.3, 70.5, 71.7% 증가했다. 반면 OP군에서는 이들 측정치가 36.7, 38.5, 48.1, 37.4%로 증가하여 P군 보다 비교적 낮은 증가를 보여 양파즙에 의한 납해독 영향으로 보였다. P군의 hemoglobin 함량 9.7g/dl도 대조군 보다 37.4% 감소되나 OP군은 12.6g/dl로 개선되었다. 간의 납함량도 P군의 0.29mg/100g보다 양파즙 투여군(OP)에서 개선되어 0.1g/100g을 보였다. 28일이 경과한 P군의 다수 rat에서 간세포 변성 과 증식된 kuffer cell 내 많은량의 색소 침착과 모세혈관 주위의 출혈과 일부세포의 necrosis를 보이고 sinus 공간도 확장되었다. 그러나 OP군에서는 간세포 변성을 보이나 kuffer cell내 담흑색소량의 증가는 현저하지 않았다. 따라서 납에 중독된 rat(lead 100mg/kg rat)에 사료의 2%에 해당된 양파를 투여하므로서 납 중독의 예방 내지 중독증상을 경감할 수 있음이 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.831-836
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• 2006

This study compared the effects of two levels of crude protein (CP) supplementation during a close-up dry period on the productive performance, nitrogen balance, and blood profiles of Holstein cows. Eighteen cows (8 primigravid and 10 multiparous), 21 days prior to calving, were divided into four groups and fed a diet containing a low (11.5 to 12.7% CP) or high (14.1 to 15.3% CP) level of protein. Following parturition, all cows were offered the same diet. Nitrogen balance was measured 12 d to 10 d prior to the expected calving date. Whole feces and urine were collected. The higher close-up CP did not improve milk production during the early lactation period (14 w) in multiparous cows but tended to increase production by 2 kg of milk per day in primigravid cows. There were no differences in the weight of calves, the weight of the placenta, or the incidence of calving difficulty. Nitrogen intake, urine nitrogen and nitrogen retention were increased by the higher CP diet in primigravid and multiparous cows. All groups of cows showed a positive nitrogen balance. In particular, higher nitrogen retention was observed in primigravid cows fed the higher CP diet. With the exception of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), non of the blood profiles were influenced by the CP level. The higher close-up CP increased the PUN during the period studied in primigravid and multiparous cows. These results indicate that a CP level of 14% during a close-up dry period is optimal for primigravid cows, and 12% CP level is sufficient for multiparous cows.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2001

Although extracorporeal circulation (ECC) has been routinely used for cardiovascular surgery, hyperoxemia during ECC may produce oxygen toxicity and cellular injury. This study was performed to investigate the clinical influences of hyperoxemic ECC during cardiovascular operation. 40 adult patients scheduled for elective cardiovascular surgery were classified into normoxemic (arterial oxygen tension: 115 mmHg, n＝20) and hyperoxemic (arterial oxygen tension: 380 mmHg, n＝20) ECC. At preoperative and postoperative period, total leukocyte and neutrophil counts, platelet counts, iron, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine in peripheral arterial blood, malondialdehyde (MDA) and troponin-T concentration (TnT) in coronary sinus blood, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and postoperative blood loss volume (BLS) were measured and compared between groups. Hyperoxemic group had postoperatively higher total leukocyte and neutrophil counts, MDA, TnT, PVR total BLS, iron, glucose, AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine than normoxemic group (p<0.05).0 conclusion, hyperoxemic ECC results in greater inflammatory response and oxidative damaging effects on the heart lung, liver and kidney, probably being adverse to postoperative patient recovery. For reducing these deleterious effects and improving postoperative outcomes, management lowering oxygen tension during ECC is recommended.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.200-204
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• 1992

A 63 year old male had suffered from hypertension and angina pectoris for 4 years, On physical examination, blood pressure was 150/110 mmHg with medication of antihypertensive drugs. Aortogram showed the stenosis of the left renal artery, the complete occlusion of the right renal artery, and atherosclerotic change of abdominal aorta. Blood urea nitrogen was 25 mg/dl, serum creatinine was 1.2 mg/dl, and renin activity in peripheral blood was 8.7 ng /ml /hour, The stenosis of left renal artery and the complete occlusion of right renal artery should have produced the renovascular hypertension Bilateral aorto-renal bypasses with saphenous grafts were done for treatment of ren-ovascular hypertension Postoperatively, blood pressure was normalized with only small dosage of antihypertensive drugs.