• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.501-510
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• 2013

This paper reviews a current view regarding the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVD). Many evidences have suggested that there exist biological mechanisms by which periodontitis can lead to ACVD. Periodontal infection can lead to direct bacterial invasion into endothelial tissues through the blood stream, then the bacteria can activate the host inflammatory response followed by atheroma formation, maturation and exacerbation. Also, chronic periodontal infections may indirectly induce endothelial activation or dysfunction through a state of systemic inflammation as evidenced by elevated plasma acute proteins, IL-6 and fibrinogen as well. There is moderate evidence that periodontal treatment can reduce systemic inflammation and improvement of both clinical surrogate markers. But there is no periodontal intervention study available on primary ACVD prevention. There is consistent and strong epidemiologic evidence, including in vitro, animal and clinical studies, that periodontitis imparts increased risk for future ACVD. However, evidences from intervention trials to date are not sufficient to confirm the multi directional causality of periodontitis in ACVD etiology. Well-designed intervention trials on the impact of periodontal treatment on the prevention of ACVD outcomes are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.111-115
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• 1992

Miliary Tuberculosis is an illness produced by acute dissemination of tubercle bacilli via the blood stream. In chest roentgenogram, a diffuse "miliary" infiltrates are usually seen, but normal or suspicious ground glass pattern also can be seen in early manifestation. Ten patients of miliary tuberculosis who underwent whole-body $^{67}Ga-citrate$ scintigraphy were evaluated retrospectively to study usefulness of Ga-scan for early diagnosis of miliary Tbc and evaluation of disease activity. All of ten patients demonstrated significantly diffuse bilateral pulmonary uptakes on 48 hours image. All of three patients of ground-glass pattern in chest roentgemogram also demonstrated increased uptakes. In the statistical analysis, the severity of chest roentgenographic findings showed positive correlation with the activity on Ga?scan. These results suggest that Gallium scan is useful for diagnosis of early miliary tuberculosis and for evaluation of disease activity on follow-up examination of miliary tuberculosis of lung.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.253-261
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• 2008

Isoflavone daidzein is a phytoestrogen widely distributed in Leguminosae and is especially rich in the soybean. The C6-C3 (rings B and C) unit of isoflavones is derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway and the remaining C6 (ring A) unit is from the polyketide pathway. This unique carbon skeleton is the result of isomerization of the flavone catalyzed by the isoflavone synthase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme. The isoflavones daidzein and genistein are present in the plant mostly in the glucosylated forms. However, in the human intestine, the glycosidic linkage is broken, and the free form is uptaked into blood stream. The free form is further metabolized into various reduction products to end up at the equol, which is known to have the most potent estrogenic effect among the metabolites. Several human intestinal bacteria that can convert daidzein into equol have been described, and the study into the chemistry and biochemistry of the daizein reduction would be rewarding to the improvement of the human health.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 1994

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of drug lipophilicity on the extent of ocular and systemic absorption following topical solution instillation in the pigmented rabbit. ${\beta}-Blockers$ of various lipophilicity were chosen as model drugs, $25\;{\mu}l$ of a 15 mM drug solution in isotonic pH 7.4 buffer was instilled, and ocular tissue and plasma drug concentrations were monitored. Ocular absorption was apparently increased in all eye tissues, but non-corneal absorption ratio was decreased by increasing of drug lipophilicity. Systemic bioavailability was ranged from 61% for atenolol to 100% for timolol, and at least 50% of the systemically absorbed drug reached the blood stream from the nasal mucosa. Occluding the nasolacrimal duct for 5 min reduced the extent of systemic absorption of timolol and levobunolol, but did not do so for atenolol and betaxolol. Taken together, the ocular absorption of topically applied ophthalmic drugs would be modest for lipophilic drugs. By contrast, the systemic bioavailability would be modest for drugs at the extremes of lipophilicity, and the nasal contribution to systemically absorbed drug diminished with increasing of drug lipophilicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.553-562
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• 1998

Food allergy is defined as an immunologically-mediated adverse reaction to food.The food allergy as a clinical entity has been recognized for many years, although there is yet no general consensus as to the incidence of this syndrome. One difficulty in studying food allergies has been the lock of a reasonable animal model in which reactions could be induced by orally administrating foods. It has been generally accepted that the initial target for an immediate reaction to food is the mast cells, within the gastronitestinal mucosa, and such cells are sensitize in vivo by food-specific immunoglobulin(Ig) E. Degranulation of these cells facilitates the entry of an antigenic epitope into the lymphatic system and blood stream, thereby causing further degranulation of the mast cells and basophils throughout the boy. Accordingly, the author attempted to develop an animal model that is indicative of evaluating IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity. It is also necessary to evaluate the effects of nutritional envioronments on dietary protein-dependent allergy and the regulatory mechanisms of dietary fats on IgE-mediated immune response. In this review, animal models to evaluate a food ingredient, effects of dietary fats and curcuminoids, milk whey protein hydrolysates on allergic reaction, and effect of dietary fat in splenic immune cells are presented.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.21-24
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• 1966

In order to confirm whether or not Acacia leaf inhibits the increase of serum total cholesterol content of rabbits administered with cholesterol, this paper is conducted. Thirty rabbits were equally divided into three groups: A, B and C. The group A was fed with the stock diet only throughout the experimental period of 42 days. The group B was fed with the stock diet and cholesterol for the first 21 days and then Acacia leaf was given to the rabbits in addition to the above diet for the remainder of the experimental period. The group C was fed with the stock diet, cholesterol and Acacia leaf for the first 21 days and then the Acacia leaf was removed from the diet for the latter part of 21 days. The results of the serum total cholesterol determination of each group were illustrated in the tables, 1-11, and figure 1. From the data, therefore, following conclusion might be drawn: 1. The Acacia leaf inhibits the increase of serum total cholesterol of rabbits administered with cholesterol. 2. It is not clear whether Acacia leaf expedites the excretion of the metabolites of the given cholesterol or blocks the transfer of the absorbed cholesterol into the blood stream.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 1996

Cryptococcosis is a rare in normal child and the majority of cases usually occur in patients with defective cell-mediated immunity. Infection is acquired by inhalation of organisms from the environment and disseminated via the blood stream to any organ of the body. We experienced a 7 year old girl who presented with fever, both cervical lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly under the impression of lymphoma. However lymph node biopsy revealed cryptococcal budding and culture of lymph nodes yielded cryptococcus neoformans. The radiologic finding showed huge, multiple cervical lymph node enlargement spreading to mediastinum and abdomen. The immune fuction in term of T cell, B cell, serum immunoglobulin, complement and neutrophil function tests was normal. The patient was treated with amphotericin B and flucytosine for 6 weeks and responded to the treatment well. We report this case with brief review of the related literatures.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.93-104
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• 2017

monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), composed of 88% L-glutamic acid (GLU) and 12% Na, is considered as Generally Recognized as Safe. GLU is accounting for 15% of the total amino acid content in our body. Daily GLU intake is large 3.5-10.6 g from food and 1.3 g from food additive. The daily formed GLU in the body, via degradation of the total protein, is 48-50 g (70 kg of male) and the maintained GLU in the body is total bound GLU (1.4-2.0 kg) and free GLU (10 g). About 88% GLU are consumed at digestive tract, and only 12% GLU enter the blood stream. GLU is generally known to precursors of N-acetyl glutamate and glutamine, substrates for protein synthesis, a neurotransmitter (GABA), and the active site of the enzyme. In addition to protein synthesis, GLU has these key functions within the body, thus this amino acid is critical for healthy body maintenance and function.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.353-358
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• 2023

Sepsis and septic shock affect millions of people worldwide each year with high clinical mortality rates. At present, basic research on sepsis has emerged in an endless stream, but there are few effective clinical translation results. Ginseng, a medicinal and edible representative of Araliaceae plants, contains a variety of biologically active compounds including ginsenosides, alkaloids, glycosides, polysaccharides, and polypeptides. Neuromodulation, anticancer activity, blood lipid regulation, and antithrombotic activity have been linked to ginseng treatment. At present, basic and clinical research have suggested various applications of ginseng in sepsis. In view of the different effects of various ginseng components on the pathogenesis of sepsis, and in order to further understand and develop the possible value of ginseng in sepsis, this manuscript reviews the application of various components of ginseng in the treatment of sepsis in recent years.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1308-1312
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• 2016

Heavy metals such as gallium (Ga) cause serious physiological damage to exposed organisms, mostly of aquatic species. Ga one of the inter-metallic, transition elements increasingly being used in making high-speed semiconductors, such as Ga arsenide. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of Ga on acute toxicity, serum biochemical changes, and erythrocyte morphological changes in the blood stream of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Median lethal concentrations were determined in acute tests. The 96 hr $LC_{50}$ value was 9.15 mg/ml. Goldfish were exposed to different Ga concentrations (2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/ml) for 30 days to assess its toxic effects. The results indicate that the measured serum biochemistry parameters (including glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride) of the Ga-exposed fish groups differed significantly from the untreated fish group. In addition, a change in the erythrocytes' morphology at a high concentration (8.0 mg/ml) of Ga exposure shows respiratory problems. Our results suggest that 2.0 mg/ml is proposed as a biologically safe concentration that can be used for establishing tentative water quality criteria concerning the same-size goldfish.