• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.227-231
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• 2012

Background : The ankle brachial pressure index (ABI) is a simple, useful method for diagnosing peripheral artery disease (PAD). Although the ABI is an objective diagnostic method, it has limited reliability in certain scenarios. The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy and reliability of the toe brachial index (TBI) as a diagnostic tool for detecting stenosis in PAD, associated with normal or low ABI values. Methods : ABI and TBI values were measured in 15 patients with diabetic gangrene who were suspected of having lower extremity arterial insufficiency. The ABI and TBI values were measured using a device that allowed the simultaneous measurement of systolic blood pressure in the upper and lower extremities. In addition, the ABI and TBI values were compared pre- and post-angiography. Results : Patients with an ABI of 0.9-1.3 showed almost no difference between the 2 measurements. The patients with TBI >0.6 had no arterial insufficiency. The patients with TBI <0.6 required vascular intervention with ballooning. After the angiography, the gangrenous wounds decreased in size more rapidly than they did prior to the intervention. Conclusions : Our findings suggest that TBI is the method of choice for evaluating lower limb perfusion disorders. This result requires further studies of TBI in a larger number of patients. Future long-term studies should therefore evaluate the utility of TBI as a means of screening for PAD and the present findings should be regarded as preliminary outcomes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

This study was carried out for analyzing pathological and epidemiological factors of osteoporosis and doing pilot test using trial compounds of tuna bone and oriental herbs based on the factors. Osteoporosis is originated from osteoblast, osteoclast, organic and inorganic factors etc. Therefore the pathology of osteoporosis is not simple because the cytokine, growth factors and hormones of the components are various a lot. Taking a view of epidemiological factors of type I osteoporosis, ageㆍmenarcheㆍcholesterolㆍBMI etc. have definite relation to them. So we can approach to aging or consumptive disease in oriental medicine, specifically differential diagnosis of blood depletion with deficiency of qi, deficiency of kidney, deficiency of yin, bony weakness etc. And it should be considered together with rules for maintaining good health or habit concomitantly. Therefore IL1ㆍ6 or TNF αㆍβ are generally used as molecular biological index for osteoblast and osteoclast because the most important index is bone mineral density and strength, but the factors like collagen and noncollagen protein must be accounted as biomarkers. Trial compounds generally showed favorable effects on accompanying subjective symptoms of osteoporosis in the pilot test for menopausal woman. But if she didn't have specific symptoms of osteoporosis there wasn't any specific change. And osteocalcin was increased in case of being under standard level, but wasn't changed in case of normal level. Therefore these trial compounds can be used as a funcdonal diet for type I osteoporotic patients or preventive measures.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 1994

The development of abomasum in fetuses between 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonates of Korean native goats was investigated by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The abomasum wall appeared to be differentiated into the epithelium, lamina propria, muscle layer, and serosa at 60 days of gestation. The epithelium was stratified columnar and these nuclei were located near the apical two thirds portion of the cell at 60 days of gestation, and then transformed into simple columnar epithelium with the flat basal nuclei. 2. The inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers were observed at 90 days of gestation and the blood vessels had become quite well developed as various arterioles, venules and capillaries of different size during this age. 3. Gastric pits were seen at 90 days of gestation and continued gradually to increase depth during gestation. 4. The mucous, parietal and chief cells appeared in epithelium at 90 days of gestation and continued gradually to increase in number during gestation. In 120 days fetuses and neonates, muscle layer had become very thickeness. 5. Scanning electron microscopically, the inner surface of the abomasum already consisted of wavy spiral folds which had many fine wrinkles at 60 days of gestation. In 90 day old fetuses, each spiral fold was enlarged and its surface was tended to be split into many straight longitudinal ridges and among these ridge were found shallow grooves, At 120 days, the subdivided swellings of ridges were progressively complicated in shape. In the neonates, the inner surface was flat and holed with many gastric pits. 6. Transmission electron microscopically, the epithelium was straified columnar and these nuclei were irregular shape at 60 days fetus. The parietal, chief and mucous cells were observed in 90 day old fetuses and continued gradually to increase in number during gestation. 7. The development of the abomasum was relatively slow at early stages, it was accelerated greatly in the last of gestation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1128-1131
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• 1997

Injuries to versa cave continue to be associated with a high mortality. Essentials to successful treatment are immediate recognition of the injury and prompt control of the hemorrhage. We have experienced one case of inferior versa java perforation by a chest rainage tube in the patient with post-operative chronic empyema thoracic. The patient was 38-year old male who was taken RLL lobectomy after 6 cycle of chemotherapy due to small cell carcinoma in the RLL & suffered from post-operative chronic empyema thoracis at D hospital. He moved to our hospital for further evaluation with accidental removal of chest drainge tube. We inserted closed drainage tube and dark blood gushed out abruptly just after insertion of the drainage tube. CTscan, MRI, and angiogram were performed and showed the perforation of IVC just below RA. The IVC was repaired using simple interrupted 4-0 Prolene suture through right posterolateral thoracotomy. The patient recovered without event and doing well until now.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.106-111
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• 1994

2-iminothiolane is known to bind $NH_2$ group of lysine in the protein and deliver SH group, which can be used to label protein with $^{99m}Tc$. In this study, we looked for the best reaction condition in which 2-iminothiolane is conjugated to human polyclonal IgG and labeling condition with $^{99m}Tc$-glucoheptonate. Labeling yield was measured with TSK G4000SW column and HPLC or precipitation with 10% TCA (trichloroacetic acid) and 1% HSA. In vivo distribution was investigated with Staphylococcal abscess bearing rats. With decreasing glucoheptonate, the labeling yield decreased. Without 2-iminothiolane, $^{99m}Tc$-glucoheptonate was bound to IgG, which seemed to be direct labeling. With increasing 2-iminothiolane upto 20 times higher than IgG, the labeling yield increased, and plateau was seen with higher molar excess of 2-iminothiolane. Polymer formation was not observed. The pH for the conjugation of 2-iminothiolane and IgG was best around 6.4. $^{99m}Tc$-2-iminothiolane-IgG showed faster blood clearance, higher renal activity and lower hepatic and splenic activity than $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA-IgG. The biodistribution of $^{99m}Tc$-2-iminothiolane-IgG with higher molar excess of 2-iminothiolane was not different from that with lower molar excess. Labeling antibodies with $^{99m}Tc$ using 2-iminothiolane can afford a possible route to simple labeling and wide clinical use of the immunoscintigraphy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2014

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation of the type III collagen (COL3A1). The manifestation of vEDS can be seen in skin, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs. The diagnosis of vEDS often is missed until the patient presents with a life-threatening complication such as spontaneous arterial rupture or bowel perforation. We report a 16-year-old male who had recurrent right thigh hematoma after simple exercise and minor trauma, respectively. He had a history of surgery due to spontaneous colon perforation at his age of 11 years. Gene test of COL3A1 revealed a novel mutation c.2931+dupT.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.260-264
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• 1999

A simple and rapid procedure, called FoLT-PCR(Formamide Low Temperature-Polymerase Chain Reaction) was applied to amplifying DNA directly from various forensic biological evidences including human blood, saliva, hair root, or semen without any DNA preparative steps. We added washing step with non-ionic detergent, 1% Triton X-100, and used Taq DNA polymerase instead of Tth DNA polymerase to amplify 3 STR loci and gender allele simultaneouly. Optimal concentration of formamide and annealing temperature were determined empirically to 8%(v/v), and $48^{\circ}C$ respectively. We also compared this method with standard PCR.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2006

A simple and easy modification of AST by disk diffusion was tested for the detection of induced clindamycin resistant Staphylococci and their antimicrobial susceptibility at the same time. The incidence of inducible clindamycin resistant staphylococci in blood culture and their MIC characterization at Seoul National University Hospital was analyzed by an AST contained disk approximation test (D-zone test) and Etest, respectively. Of the total 309 staphylococcal isolates, 139 (45%) isolates presented constitutive resistance to ERY and CLI (ERY-R, CLI-R phenotype), and 59 were ERY-I/R and CLI-S phenotypes. Of the 59 isolates, 19 (32%) isolates were inducible resistant to CLI. The incidence was higher in S. aureus (66.7%) than coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS, 26.0%). Especially, methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA, 100%; MRCNS, 45.5%) presented higher inducibility than methicillin susceptible (MSSA, 50%; MSCNS, 20%). For most of the inducible clindamycin resistant staphylococci (15 of 19 isolates), their ERY MIC were high (>$128_{\mu}g/mL$) and were methicillin resistant. The remaining 4 isolates were methicillin susceptible and their ERY MIC were of intermediate concentrations ($1-4_{\mu}g/mL$). We concluded that suscetibility testing of staphylococci, especially methicillin resistant, should include the D-zone test.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2007

Purpose: We reconstructed the skin defect of lower legs exposing muscles, tendons and bone with fasciocutaneous sural artery flap and report our cases. Materials and Methods: Between March 2005 and September 2006, 8 cases of skin defect were reconstructed with fasciocutaneous sural artery flap. Defect site were 4 case of ankle and foot and 4 cases of lower leg. The average defect size was $4{\times}4\;cm^2$. There were 5 men and 3 women and mean age was 52.2 years. We evaluated the viability of flap, postoperative complication, healing time, patient's satisfaction. Results: There was no flap failure in 8 cases. But recurrent discharge in 2 cases was healed through several times adequate debridement and delayed suture without complication. Flap edema may be due to venous congestion was healed through leg elevation and use of low molecular weight heparin. Mean time to heal the skin defect was 4 weeks. No infection and recurrence in follow up period. Cosmetic results as judged by patients were that 5 cases are good and 3 cases are fair. Conclusion: Sural artery flap is good treatment method among the numerous methods in the cases of skin defect, with soft tissue exposed, which is not covered with debridment and skin graft. Sural artery flap is useful method for the skin defect of lower legs because it is simple procedure, has constant blood supply and relatively good cosmetic effect.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.387-394
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• 1995

A simple method for determining the absorption coefficient of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin in human blood is proposed as an application of the complex propagation constant of a guided wave in a thin-film optical waveguide. A serial multichannel sample chamber is constructed on the waveguide to vary the interaction length between the evanescent field and the sample, and the dependence of the sensor response on the interaction length is investigated for the various concentration of two hemoglobins. The sensor response is linearly proportional to the interaction length and the concentration of two hemoglobins. The attenuation constant due to the evanescent field absorption between the samples is experimentally obtained with the designed sensor, and then the absorption coefficient is determined by the proposed method. The absorption coefficients determined by the proposed method fairly well coincided with those obtained by the conventional transmission measurement.