• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1997

The bioequivalence of two lomefloxacin tablets was evaluated in 16 normal male volunteers (age $21\sim30$ yrs) following oral administration. Test product was 'Lomaxacin tablet' made by Kolon Pharmaceutical Co. and reference product was 'Maxaquin tablet' made by Searle Ciba-Geigy Korea Co. After one tablet containing 400 mg of lomefloxacin was administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of the drug in plasma was determined with an HPLC method using fluorescence detector. AUC, $C_{max},\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and statistically analyzed for the bioequivalence of the two products. The results showed that the differences in AUC, $C_{max},\;and\;T_{max}$ between two products were $0.90\%,\;1.09\%,\;and\;2.44\%$, respectively. The powers (1-${\beta}$) for AUC, $C_{max},\;and\;T_{max}\;were\;>95\%,\;>95\%,\;and\;93.8\%$, respectively Detectable differences $(\Delta)$ and confidence intervals were all less than $20\%$. All of these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that 'Lomaxacin tablet' is bioequivalent to 'Maxaquin tablet'.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.379-383
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• 2004

Biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) has been used for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B and drug-induced hepatitis through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and c ovalent binding of drug metabolites to lipids of microsomes. The bioequivalence of two DDB products was evaluated according to the guidelines of KFDA. The test product was Hepaphil soft capsule(R) made by KMS Pharm. Co. Containing 3 mg DDB and the reference product was Nissel tablet(R) made by Taerim Pharm. Co. Containing 25 mg DDB. Twenty healthy male subjects, 25.4(22~30) years old and 66.7(54~77)kg, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After two tablets or two capsules were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of DDB in plasma was determined using a validated HPLC method with UV detector. Two pharmacokinetic parameters, $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, were calculated and analyzed statistically for the evaluation of bioequivalence of the two products. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed parameter values. The 90% confidence intervals of $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ were log 0.91~log1.00 and log 1.05~log 1.15, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of log 0.8 to log 1.25. Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guidelines for the bioequivalence was satisfied, indicating that Hepaphil soft capsule is bioequivalent to Nissel tablet.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2016

The influence of commonly used steeping times and temperatures about mulberry tea on a-glucosidase inhibitory activity were studied. The effects of product and preparation variables on the in-cup chemical composition of mulberry tea extracts is of interest because the appearance and taste characteristics and the possible health effects of a tea liquor arise from the chemical components extracted from the leaf during mulberry tea preparation. A comprehensive study was therefore undertaken to determine the contributions of product and provide a basic data for development of high quality mulberry tea products against diabetes. Specific eight mulberry tea were collected from each region of Korea (A-I) and when it was extracted on 85℃ for 2min, a-glucosidase activity was best for 98-102%. According to various temperature and time extraction methods, this study was carried out to optimize teamaking conditions for maximal DNJ extraction from Korean mulberry tea and and it would be of particular interest for people who drink mulberry tea to control blood glucose levels.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.191-196
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• 1994

Higenamine is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid which was isolated as a cardiotonic principle from Aconiti tuber. 1.v. injection of higenamine was reported to increase the cardiac output and heart rate and to decrease the blood pressure and the systemic vascular resistance presumably by stimulating the adrenergic ${\beta}-receptors$. The anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic effects of higenamine were investigated in this paper. Higenamine(0.5 mg/ml) showed mild inhibitory effect against collagen induced platelet aggregation in vitro and the inhibito교 effect was increased with the pre-incubation$(5{\sim}30\;min)$ of platelet rich plasma(PRP) with higenamine. With the 30 min incubation, the platelet aggregation was almost completely inhibited. And the oral administration of higenamine$(50{\sim}200\;mg/kg)$ enhanced the survival in the mouse model of thrombosis and that of endotoxic shock. The anti-thrombotic and anti-septic effects of higenamine thus appear to be due to the ${\beta}-agonistic$ and the anti-platelet effects of this compound.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 1997

The bioequivalence of two nabumetone tablets was evaluated in 16 normal male volunteers $(age\;21{\sim}30\;yrs)$ following oral administration. Test product was 'Nacton tablet' made by Jin Yang Pharmaceutical Co. and reference product was 'Unimeton tablet' made by Dong Kwang Pharmaceutical Co.. After one tablet containing 500 mg of nabumetone was administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, active metabolite of nabumetone, in plasma was determined with an HPLC method using fluorescence detector. AUC, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and statistically analyzed for the bioequivalence of the two products. The results showed that the differences in AUC, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ between two products were 3.66%, 6.87% and 1.85%, respectively. The powers$(1-{\beta})$ for AUC, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were 91.4%, 88.9% and 81.1%, respectively. Detectable differences$({\Delta})$ and confidence intervals were all less than 20%. All of these parameters met the criteria of FDA for bioequivalence, indicating that "Nacton tablet" is bioequivalent to 'Unimeton tablet'.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the intensity of warm-up exercise on the physiological response and exercise performance during resistance exercise. For this purpose, 8 male college students with at least 1 year of experience in resistance movement were selected. The warm-up condition was set to NON condition (preparatory exercise not performed), 3 set condition, 6 set condition, and 9 set condition, and the intensity was different for each set. After warm-up, 75% 1RM of main exercise was performed, and blood pressure and heart rate were measured immediately after exercise to measure RPP. The number of repetitions and total work for each condition were measured as the number of repetitions and momentum during the main exercise. The measured data were analyzed by repeated measures two-way ANOVA. As a result, although there was no difference in Rate Pressure Product according to the warm-up conditions, the number of repetitions and total amount of exercise showed the highest in the 3-set condition. Therefore, it is thought that the number and intensity of warm-up exercises should be set appropriately during resistance exercise, and warm-up of 3 sets or more during resistance exercise is thought to decrease exercise performance.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.607-616
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• 2003

본 실험은 육계분과 제과부산물로 제조된 TMR(TDN 69%)에 입자도가 각기 다른 여분의 육계분과 볏짚(diet DM의 10% 수준)을 혼합하여 기존의 배합사료와 볏짚 급여 체계(대조구)를 100% 대체하였을 때 면양에 의한 행동 양상, 영양소 섭취량, 체내 소화율, 가소화 영양소 섭취량, 반추위 성상, 혈액 성상 및 체내 질소 출납에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 실시하였다. 대조구와 비교해서 TMR 급여구들은 일일 섭취시간, 반추시간, 총 저작시간이 감소하였고(P<0.05), 음수시간은 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 사료 DM 섭취량이 비슷한 상황에서 가소화(digestible) DM, OM, fiber 및 총 영양소 섭취량은 낮았으며(P<0.05), EE를 제외한 영양소 소화율 또한 낮았으나(P<0.05), 반추위 발효 성상(pH, VFA 생성량 및 비율, acetate/ propionate 비율, 탄수화물 발효 효율, 반추위 NH3-N)과 혈중 urea-N 농도는 별 차이 없이 정상적이었으며, 특히 사료 단백질의 체내 활용성(소화율 및 축적율)은 양호한 것으로 나타났다. TMR에 입자도가 작은 육계분을 입자도가 큰 볏짚으로 diet DM의 10% 수준을 대체하였을 때, 일일 섭취시간, 반추시간, 총 저작시간은 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 음수시간은 정상에 가깝게 감소하였고(P<0.05), 그 외의 상기한 parameter에는 전혀 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결과적으로 육계분과 제과부산물로서 적정사료 에너지 수준을 고려하여 제조된 TMR은 반추동물의 기존 배합사료-볏짚 급여 체계를 대체할 수 있는 잠재적 가능성을 시사하였으며, 특히 TMR 급여 시 소량의(건물 10% 수준) 볏짚 공급은 면양의 행동 양상을 보다 양호하게 만들었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.254-265
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• 2017

This study examines the possibility of a neuro-scientific approach to fashion Visual Merchandising (VM), by researching the brain activation of customers about fashion stores in terms of VM. Study subjects were in 20's-30's residing in Busan and ten ordinary person or fashion industry related individuals, it measures the change of cerebral blood flow on positive/negative photo stimulus in terms of VM using a functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) device, and then compared the brain activation to the difference of the fashion store VM. Photo stimuli utilized in the experiment were selected through a preliminary study in advance. The results of this study are as follows. First, the brain activation was found in all 16 channels of stimulus ranges of fashion store VM regardless of positive/negative stimulus. This means that the VM of fashion store causes changes to the cerebral blood flow of consumers, which implies that consumer behavior can be affected by store VM. It also shows that the brain is more active in negative VM stimulus than positive VM despite slight differences in the subjects. In terms of VM, this suggests that the negative factors of fashion stores have a greater effect on the brains of consumers compared to the positive factors. Second, the reaction of the brain channel is different according to the positive/negative VM stimulus of the fashion store by product group and confirms that positive/negative VM stimulus can be distinguished by brain-reaction for the three product groups except for the underwear group among four product groups (men's wear store, women's wear store, underwear store, and sportswear store). The results indicate that more objective scientific measure and decision-making are possible through neuro-science in the strategic execution of VM. This study verified the possibility for a neuro-scientific approach to fashion VM; therefore, there are expectations for the various activation of interdisciplinary research and subsequent development of VM that utilize neuroscience in fashion marketing.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.321-329
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• 1993

수산자원의 기능특성 해명을 위한 연구의 일환으로 전통수산발효식품으로 널리 이용되고 있는 멸치젓갈에 함유되어 있는 angiotensin-I 전환효소저해물질을 추출하여 gel 여과에 의하여 분리된 획분들의 작용 및 특성에 대해서 살펴보았다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. ACE 저해물질의 추출 조건을 검토하기 위하여 가장 높은 ACE 저해효과를 나타내는 숙성 60일차의 멸치젓갈을 ethanol 및 acetone의 농도를 각각 10, 25, 50 및 $80\%$로 하여 추출하였을 때 ethanol 농도가 $50\%$인 획분이 가장 우수한 저해효과를 나타내었다. 2. 멸치젓갈 숙성중 시료액의 $50\%$ ethanol 가용성 peptide-nitrogen 함량 및 ACE 저해효과는 아미노 질소 함량이 최고치에 달하는 숙성 60일차에 최대값을 나타내다가 그 후 다소 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 3. Gel 여과에 의한 멸치젓갈의 획분별 ACE 저해효과를 검토한 결과, 획분 C 및 D가 가장 높은 ACE 저해작용을 나타내어 이들을 rechromatography하여 분리한 단일 획분인 C'와 D'획분의 $IC_{50}$은 각각 97, $65{\mu}g$로 나타났다. 4. 분리한 단일 획분인 C'와 D'획분의 아미노산 조성은 다소 차이가 있었으며, C'획분은 threonine, glutamic acid 및 lysine의 함량이 많은 것으로 나타났으며, D'획분은 serine과 proline의 함량이 많은 것으로 나타났다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2018

As a part of general toxicity studies of Enterococcus Faecalis 2001 (EF 2001) prepared using heat-treatment bacillus mort body EF 2001 in mice, this study examined the toxicity of EF 2001 in single and repeated administrations following the previous report in order to apply this product to preventive medicine. The safety of oral ingestion of EF 2001 was examined in 6-week-old male and female ICR mice with 1,000 mg/kg, 3,000 mg/kg and 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day administrated by gavage of the maximum acceptable dose of EF 2001. The study was conducted using distilled water as a control following the methods for general toxicity studies described in the "Guidelines for Non-clinical Studies of Pharmaceutical Products 2002". As a control, 1) observation of general conditions, 2) measurement of body weight, 3) determination of food consumption, 4) determination of water consumption, 5) blood test and urinalysis and 6) pathological examination were performed for the administration of EF 2001. Mice received EF 2001 for 13 weeks and results were compared with those of the control group that received distilled water. The results of the above examinations revealed no significant differences between control and EF 2001 groups for both males and females. Thus, no notable toxicity was confirmed with single and repeated oral administrations of EF 2001. Oral administration in the above doses did not result in abnormal symptoms or death during the observation period. No abnormalities in blood cell count or organ weights were seen. Without any evidence of toxicity to cells and organs, EF 2001 is speculated to not adversely affect living organisms. The 50% lethal dose of EF 2001 with oral administration in mice is estimated to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day for both male and female mice. Therefore, $LD_{50}$ value for animals was 5,000 mg/kg or more.