• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SAENGMAEKSAN extract on blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow in rats. 1. High concentration of SAENGMAEKSAN extract decresed mean blood pressure in rats. 2. By depend on the dosage of SAENGMAEKSAN extract incresed mean regional cerebral blood flow in rats.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.177-178
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• 1998

This paper is a study on compensation for error in estimation of mean pressure according to the change of arterial pressure shape. Because arterial pressure shape affects the mean pressure and blood volume which are important factors for measurement of blood pressure(BP), change of arterial pressure shape cause BP measurement error. In order to solve this problem, we add the compensation function C($\alpha$), depending on arterial pressure shape, to mathematical oscillometric model. Consequently, we could accurately estimate the blood pressure by correcting of the error using compensation function.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2002

Aim To evaluate blood pressure, blood glucose and serum lipid level in obese and nonobese type 2 diabetic patients. Methods 206 obese(76 male, 130 female) and 442 nonobese(208 male, 234 female) type 2 diabetic patients underwent fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, $HbA_1c$ total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, microalbuminuria, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and C-peptide were measured. Diabetes was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association(ADA)criteria. Obesity was defined as body mass index(BMI, kilograms per meters squared)${\geq}25$. Results In male, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, microalbuminuria and C-peptide were significant higher in obese than nonobese patients. Fasting blood glucose were significantly lower in obese than nonobese patients. Diastolic blood pressure, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, $HbA_1c$, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were no difference between 2 groups. In female, triglycerides and C-peptide were significant higher in obese than nonobese patients, Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, $HbA_1c$, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, microalbuminuria, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were no difference between 2 groups. Conclusion Our present study supports that increased triglycerides play a major role in increasing the risk of coronary heart disease(CHD) in obese women type 2 diabetic patients.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2013

In this study, the artery's compliance model and the pulsation waveform model was proposed to estimate blood pressure without applying HPF (High Pass Filter) on signal measured by the oscillometric method. The method proposed in the study considered two ways of estimating blood pressure. The first method of estimating blood pressure is by comparing and analyzing changes in pulsation waveform's dicrotic notch region during each cardiac period. The second method is by comparing and analyzing morphological changes in the pulsation waveform during each cardiac period, which occur in response to the change in pressure applied on the cuff. To implement these methods, we proposed the compliance model and the pulsation waveform model of the artery based on hemodynamic theory, and then conducted various simulations. The artery model presented in this study only took artery's compliance into account. Then, a pulsation waveform model was suggested, which uses characteristic changes in the pulsation waveform to estimate blood pressure. In addition, characteristic changes were observed in arterial volume by applying artery's pulsation waveform to the compliance model. The pulsation waveform model was suggested to estimate blood pressure using characteristic changes of the pulsation waveform in the arteries. This model was composed of the sum of sine waves and a Fourier's series in combination form up to 10th harmonics components of the sinusoidal waveform. Then characteristic of arterial volume change was observed by inputting pulsation waveform into the compliance model. The characteristic changes were also observed in the pulsation waveform by mapping the arterial volume change in accordance with applied cuff's pressure change to the pulsation waveform's change according to applied pressure changes by cuff. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were estimated by applying positional change of pulsation waveform's dicrotic notch region.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.220-227
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• 2005

Although ketamine has been used in the field of anesthetic medicine for its safety and favourable respiratory effects, the cardiovascular effects of ketamine is still controversial. To clarify the action and mechanism of ketamine upon cardiovascular system, arterial blood pressure, tension of aortic ring, left ventricular developed pressure and heart rate were measured in rats, Ketamine produced two types of effects on arterial blood pressure in anesthetized rats; monophasic effect (blood pressure lowering) and biphasic effect (initial transient blood pressure increasing following sustained lowering), The ketamine-induced lowering of aterial blood pressure showed a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited by the pretreament of $MgCl_2$ and potentiated by the pretreatment of $CaCl_2$. The ketamine-induced lowering of aterial blood pressure was suppressed by the pretreatment of nifedipine, verapamil or lidocaine. In phenylephrine-precontracted endothelium intact (+E) aortic rings, ketamine sometimes caused a small enhancement of contraction ($112.5{\pm}3.6{\%}$). However, in many experiments, ketamine produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in +E aortic rings precontracted with either phenylephrine or KCl. Ketamine-induced relaxation was significantly greater in KCl-precontracted strips than phenylephrine-precontracted strips. In phenylephrine-precontracted +E aortic rings, the ketamine-induced vasorelaxation was not suppressed by endothelium removal or by the pretreatment of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, L-$N^G$-nitro-arginine and a guanylate cyclase inhibitors, methylene blue, suggesting that the ketamine-induced vasorelaxation is not dependent on the endothelial function. In addition, ketamine elicited an increase in left ventricular developed pressure in perfused hearts accompanied by decrease in heart rate. These results suggest that ketamine could evoke a hypotension due to vasorelaxation and decrease in heart rate in rats. The inhibitory effect of cardiovascular system might be associated with modulation of $Ca^{2+}$ homeostasis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.58-66
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• 2016

Objectives : In order to find a possible non-invasive manipulation tool for maintenance of the cardiovascular functions in hemorrhagic shock, this study was aimed at evaluating effects of acupoints acupressure on the changes in blood pressure and heart rate from an animal model of hemorrhagic shock. Methods : In adult Sprague-Dawley rats, hemorrhagic shock was induced by a withdrawal of arterial blood from the femoral artery with volume of 0.8 ml per 100 g of body weight using peristaltic syringe pump. We applied the acupressure with a pressure oscillator to tail as a control and 2 different acupoints of sobu(HT8), youngchun(KI1) under 3 different conditions : 1) normal arterial blood pressure without bleeding, 2) at the beginning of bleeding, and finally 3) hemorrhagic shock. Results : Under normal arterial blood pressure without hemorrhage, there was a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures by the acupressure to the tail, HT8 and especially KI1 for 30 sec compared with before acupressure. Under hemorrhagic shock condition, the tail acupressure had minimal changes in cardiovascular parameters. Either the HT8 or KI1 acupressure resulted in a significant increase in arterial pressure but did not heart rate. At the beginning of bleeding, tail acupressure failed to change the reduction of arterial pressure and heart rate. However, there was a significant increase in blood pressure and heart rate following either the HT8 or especially KI1 acupressure. Conclusions : HT8 and KI1 acupressure affected cardiovascular signs but tail acupressure did not in rat model of hemorrhagic shock. These experimental data suggest that a acupressure with a pressure oscillator to HT8 or KI1 can be one of alternative emergency manipulations to ameliorate compromised cardiovascular functions under hemorrhagic shock condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1995

Purpose of this study was to investigate correlation between blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and dietary sodium, potassium intake pattern in the family members of normal cerebrovascular (CVA) disease, excluding patients themselves. Both mean values of systolic (125.8$\pm$23.7 vs 119.3$\pm$19.2mmHg) and diastolic(76.1$\pm$16.7 vs 71.6$\pm$12.5mmHg) bllood pressure in the family members of cerebrovascular disease patients were significantly higher than those of normal subjects. Systolic blood pressure was positively correlated with age, weibght, sodium in soybean paste, potassium in hotpepepr paste, soybean paste and meats in normal subjects group. In the family members of cerebrovascular patient, systolic blood pressure was possively correlated with age, weight, sodium in soy sauce, drinking water and potassium in soups. Interestingly, table salt intake was positively correlated with systosolic blood pressure in the family members of cerebrovascular disease patients. Diastolic bolld pressure was positively correlated with age, weight, table salt intake potassium in hotpepper paste and soybean paste in normal subjects group. Diastolic blood pressure was positively correlated with age, weight and table salt intake in the family members of cerebrovascular disease patients. Urinary potassium excretion was negatively correlated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the family members of cerebrovascular disease patients.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2021

The brachial systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure are the predictors of cardiovascular disease in individuals over 50 years of age. As the stiffness increases, the reflex amplitude and pressure in the late systole increase, resulting in an increase in left ventricular load and myocardial oxygen demand. Therefore, it is necessary to study how stiffness affects blood pressure. In this study, the blood pressure pulse waves were measured before and after taking the drug, and the blood pressure pulse wave was measured before and after myocardial heart transplantation in patients with heart failure. The correlation between R, L, and C components of the Windkessel model was estimated by increasing blood pressure. As a result of modeling the parameters of the Windkessel model using the curve fitting method, the increase in blood pressure and decrease in systolic rise time were due to the increase in the L component in the RLC Windkessel model. Among the various mechanical characteristics of blood vessels, the most important parameter affecting high BP waveform is the inertance.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.111-118
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the number of measurements and visits for blood pressure measurement. We also analyzed the change of blood pressure based on the measurement method and measurement interval. Methods : Data of three clinical trials evaluating the effect of acupuncture, moxibustion, and qigong for pre and mild essential hypertension were used. Blood pressure was measured 3 times each visit with 1 or 5 minutes interval, and it was checked until $3^{rd}$ visit. Two trials used sphygmomanometer and another one trial used automatic device for blood pressure measurement. Results : The mean difference between $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$, and $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ measurement were significant in systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001). However, in automated measurement or measuring with 1 minute interval, the difference between $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ was not significant. The mean of $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ measurements was also significantly different from the mean of all three measurements in both systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001). While the difference between each visit was not significant in diastolic blood pressure, the systolic blood pressure difference was significant between $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ visit in automated and manual measurement. Conclusion : The mean of two measurements and three measurements were significantly different. The change of blood pressure was different according to the method and interval of blood pressure measurement.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 1998

This study dealed with the effects of the blood pressure and regional cerebral blood fIow(rCBF) on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment to the acu-point equivalent to K 1 of sprague dawley rats(SDR). Acupuncture treatment of K 1 significantly decreased BP in SDR. 2. Acupuncture treatment of K 1 significantly increased rCBF in SDR. 3. Moxibustion treatment of K 1 significantly increased BP in SDR. 4. Moxibustion treatment of K 1 significantly increased rCBF in SDR. These results suggest that acupuncture and moxibustion causes a diverse response of blood pressure and reginal cerebral blood flow. During the moxibustion treatment of K 1 increased BP and rCBF, but after moxibustion recorved BP and rCBF. During the acupunture tretment of K 1 decreased BP and then recorved, rCBF was significantly increased.