• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.327-335
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• 2004

Using aged Wistar rat living body change by aging Dokhwaljihwang was each orally administrated and achieved research about aging control. In Wistar rat 10, 30, 50 week and 40 week Dokhwaljihwang between 10 weeks form condition change of weight, change of intestine weight, hematology, blood chemistry, research result about serum content following conclusion get. 1. Observed gain in weight than control group form of Dokhwaljihwang to aged Wistar rat. 2. Is thought to promote activation of living body action gaining intestine weight along with gain in weight. 3. Displayed decrease of MDA's content of serum than control group form of Dokhwaljihwang to aged Wistar rat. 4. Change that is Wistar rat's hematological value by aging according to 10, 30, 50 week WBC, RBC, Hgb, monocytes, eosinophil etc. increase, and HCT, PLT etc. showed tendency that decrease according to old-week, and observed improvement that is hematological value than control group form of Dokhwaljihwang 5. Change that is Wistar rat's biochemical value by aging was measured highest in 50 week because ALT, AST, BUN, CRN, T-bili., T-chol, TG, TP, ALB, A/G, P etc. increase according to 10, 30, 50 week, and observed improvement that is biochemical value than control group form of Dokhwaljihwang. Is considered by being effect that Dokhwaljihwangimprove living body function decline by aging by this result.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.135-144
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• 2001

Objectives : This study was carried out to research the protective effects of Sagunja-Tang(SA) through in vivo experiments, and tried to investigate the relation between oxidation of renal tissues and deficiency of Qi. Methods : Acute renal injury which initiated from free radical induced by $HgCl_2$, were applied to mice and metabolic data were obtained. In order to measure the degree of renal injury, serum level of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), total protein(TP) and glucose were measured. Besides, serum level of alanine aminotransferase(AST), aspartate aminotransferase(ALT) were measure too. Lipid peroxidation of renal cortex was examined by measuring malondialdehyde(MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. Results : SA had protective effects on acute renal injury caused by decrease of glomerular filtration which was initiated by subcutaneous injection of $HgCl_2$. SA protected acute liver injury too. Conclusions : Through this study, we found that SA have healing effects on renal injury of $HgCl_2$ induced oxidative stress that is similar to deficiency of Qi. And further studies have to be followed to certify the mechanisms.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.327-348
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of oral administration of NokYongDaebotang (NYD) on aging in rats. To observe the anti-aging effect of NYD, we performed blood chemistry analysis, histological analysis, and evaluated the levels of SOD, catalase, glutathione, NO and MDA in liver and other organ. The results were as follows : 1. The levels of serum Albumin and GOT was reduced significantly in the NYD group as compared with the nornal group. 2. Serum Total bilirubin level was increased in the NYD group as compared with the nornal group. 3. Serum LDL-cholesterol level was reduced significantly in the NYD group as compared with the nornal group. 4. The level of GSH and SOD activityin liver were significantly higher in 52 w-NYD group than that of 52 w-normal group. 5. The levels of NO were reduced significantly in 52 w-NYD group as compared with 52 w-normal group. In conclusion, NYD decoction is considered to have an anti-aging effect in rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.775-783
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• 2005

The ethanol extract of the peony root (Paeonia Lactiflora Pall, Paeoniaceae) as well as its major active components including gallic acid and methyl gallate were evaluated for their protective effects against free radical generation and lipid peroxidation. In addition, the protective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA damage in a mammalian cell line were examined. The ethanol extracts of the peony root (PREs) and its active constituents, gallic acid and methyl gallate, exhibited a significant free radical scavenging effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical generation and had an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, as measured by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. The PREs did not have any pro-oxidant effect. They strongly inhibited the hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage from NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, as assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the oral administration of 50% PRE (50% ethanol extract of peony root), gallic acid and methyl gallate potently inhibited the formation of micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRET) in the mouse peripheral blood induced by a $KBrO_3$ treatment in vivo. Therefore, PREs containing gallic acid and methyl gallate may be a useful antigenotoxic antioxidant by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protecting against oxidative DNA damage without exhibiting any pro-oxidant effect.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.26-37
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• 2003

This study was to investigate the effect of 10th weeks Exercise of Different Intensity on the activation of antioxidation enzyme and lipid peroxidation. 15 subjects were divided into the 65$\%$ running exercise(EG; 5), 85$\%$ running exercise(EG: 5), and the control(CG: 5) groups. The exercise group had 10 week of running exercise 4 times a week with ACSM(1995) protocol, 65$\%$ of HRmax from the beginning to 5th week, 85$\%$ of HRmax from 6th to 10th week. The subjects had 60 min exercise for each day. After extracting the blood sample, the activation of antioxidation enzyme and lipid peroxidation were compared between the groups. The one way ANOVA was conducted about pretest, 5th week, and 10th week of the subject data. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. The 65$\%$ exercise group showed the significantly greater increase in the activation of SOD after 10 weeks for the rest and all-out exercise. (p < .05). 2. The 65$\%$ exercise group displayed the significantly higher increase in the activation of CAT after 10th weeks for the rest exercise. (p < .05). 3. The 65$\%$ exercise group had the significantly greater decrease in the activation of MDA after 10 weeks for the all-out exercise. (p < .05).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2006

Cordyceps, one of the well-known traditional Chinese medicines, consists of the dried fungus C. sinensis growing on the larva of caterpillar. It is commonly used as a tonic of restoring vital body functions. In order to evaluate the pharmacological effects of C. militaris, the anti-oxidation and antiaging effect of cultured C. militaris growing on pupa of silkworm Bombyx mori, were investigated. The results showed! that the contents of lipofusin in myocardium were reduced and the SOD activity in the liver were elevated in a dose-dependent manner while no effect was observed for blood GSH-Px activity and liver MDA content in mice perfused with the cultured C. militaris compared to those untreated mice. Furthermore, the average life span, maximum life span and 50% death time of the fruit flies treated with cultured C. militaris were markedly prolonged. The results suggest that the cultured C. militaris growing on pupa of silkworm possesses anti-oxidation and delay senescence activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.233-240
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of L-carnitine on growth performance, organ weight, biochemical parameters of blood, heart and liver, and ascites susceptibility of broilers at different ages reared under a low-temperature environment. A total of 420 1-d-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments with fifteen replicates of fourteen broilers each. Treatment diets consisted of L-carnitine supplementation at levels of 0 and 100 mg/kg. At 11-d of age, low temperature stress was used to increase ascites susceptibility. Blood, heart and liver samples were collected at different ages for analysis of boichemical parameters. The results showed that, there was no significant difference in growth performance with L-carnitine supplementation, but the mortality due to ascites was significantly decreased. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced heart index (HI) and ascites heart index (AHI) on d 21, lung index (LUI) on d 35 and liver index (LI) on d 42. The broilers fed diets containing L-carnitine had significantly lower red blood cell counts (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB) concentration and hematocrit (HCT) on d 42. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content of heart tissue on d 21 and 35, and significantly increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of the heart on d 21 and 42. L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced serum triglyceride (TG) content on d 28 and 35 and serum glucose (GLU) on d 35 and 42, and significantly increased serum total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO) content on d 42. L-carnitine supplementation significantly enhanced liver succinodehydrogenase (SDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH) and $Na^+$-$K^+$-ATPase activity on d 28, and tended to reduce the lactic acid (LD) level of liver on d 35 (p = 0.06). L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced serum uric acid (UA) content on d 28, 35 and 42. Based on the current results, it can be concluded that dietary L-carnitine supplementation reduced organ index, red blood cell counts and hematocrit, enhanced antioxidative capacity of the heart, enhanced liver enzymes activity involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle, and reduced serum glucose and triglyceride. Therefore, it is suggested that L-carnitine can potentially reduce susceptibility and mortality due to ascites.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.433-443
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• 2006

The effects of Allium vegetables on blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin (S12) induced diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetes mellitus was induced by S1'2 injection (45 mg/kg 5.w.) into the tail vein. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $220\;{\pm}\;10\;g$ were randomly assigned to 7 groups: normal, S1'2-control and five Allium groups (Allium cepa, Allium fistulosum, Allium sativum, Allium tuberosum and Allium victorialisL Normal and S12control groups were fed an AIN-93 diet and five Allium groups were fed a modified diet containing. 10% Allium powder each for 4 weeks. Body weight, diet intake, food efficiency ratio (FER) and organ weights- were monitored. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) & alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were observed: Plasma lev~ls of glucose, free fatty acid, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were analyzed. Levels of glycogen, cholesterol and triglyceride in liver were determined. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver, lung, kidney, and pancreas were assayed. The hepatic contents of chromium (Cr) , iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mu) were measured. The Allium sativum group had weight gain and suppressed a hypertrophy of the kidney significantly. The activity of ALT was significantly lowered in the diabetic groups except Allium sativum group compared to STZ-control group. The Allium sativum and Allium tuberosum groups showed the hypoglycemic effects at 4 weeks. There were no significant differences between the control and all the other diabetic groups in the plasma levels of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids. Most of the Allium groups except Allium fistulosum were observed significantly lowered level of MDA in the lung compared to STZ-control group. The diabetic rats fed the Allium cepa and Allium sativum have shown significantly lowered hepatic Zn contents. The results suggested that the intake of the Allium vegetables may be effective in the antihyperglycemia by lowering blood glucose levels.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2000

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of exercise on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, super oxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPX) and catalase(CAT) of skeletal muscle(gastrocnemius) and liver in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. The malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration was also measured as an index of lipid poroxidation of tho tissues by exercise-induced oxidative stresses in diabetic rats. Material and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and STZ-induced diabetic rats. The STZ in citrate buffer solution was injected twice at S days intervals intraperitoneally(50, 70 mg/kg respectively). On the 28th day after the first STZ injection, the diabetic animals were randomly divided into pre- and post-exercise groups, The exercise was introduced to the rats of post-exercise group by treadmill running until exhaution with moderate intensity ($V_{O2max}$: 50-70%) of exercise. The duration of average running time was 2 hours and 19 minutes. Results: The blood glucose concentration was increased(p<0.001) and plasma insulin concentration was decreased(p<0.001) in the diabetic rats. The glycogen concentration in the muscle and liver was decreased by exhaustive exercise in the diabetic rats(p<0.001), In the skeletal muscle, the activities of GPX was increased(p<0.05) and the activities of SOD and CAT were not changed in the diabetic rats compare to those of the control rats. The activities of GPX was not changed by exercise but the activities of SOD(p<0.01) and CAT(p<0.01) were decreased by exercise in the diabetic rats, The concentration of MDA was not changed by exercise in diabetic rats, and the values of pre-exercise and post-exercise diabetic rats were not different from the value those of control rats, In the liver, the activities of SOD was decreased(p<0.01), and the activities of GPX and CAT were not changed in diabetic rats compared to the values of control rats, The activities of SOD, GPX and CAT were not changed by exercise in diabetic rats but the activity of SOD seemed to decrease slightly, The MDA concentration was increased in the diabetic rats compared to the values of control rats(p<0.001), but there was no change of MDA concentration by exercise in diabetic rats, Conclusions: In summary, exhaustive physical exercise did not seem to impose oxidative stress on the skeletal muscle because of due to oxygen free radicals, regardless of the decrease in SOD and CAT in the diabetic rats, In liver tissue, the tissue damage by oxidative stress was observed in diabetic rats but the additional tissue damage by exhaustive physical exercise was not observed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2012

To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of freeze-dried plum (Prunus mume Siebold and Zucc., PMS) or omija meal (Schizandra chinensis Baill.; SCB) on growth performance, organ weights, blood biochemical profiles and antioxidant defense system, a total of 96, 3-day-old male broiler chickens were assigned to three dietary groups: (1) control diet, (2) control diet supplemented with PMS at 0.2%, (3) control diet supplemented with SCB at 0.2%. In vitro antioxidant activity, plum and omija extracts showed a significantly higher radical scavenging activity (RSA). In particular, omija extract showed much higher RSA than plum extract. Dietary addition of plum or omija did not affect body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and the relative weight of digestive organ in birds. Plasma triglyceride significantly (P<0.05) increased in birds fed the diet supplemented with omija compared with those fed control diet without affecting the other blood biochemical components. Furthermore, reduced form of glutathione (GSH) in the liver or muscle significantly (P<0.05) increased in birds fed the diet fortified with plum and omija. However, the specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MDA (malondealdehyde) in the intestine, liver and muscle were not altered by dietary antioxidant sources. In conclusion, dietary plum and omija resulted in a positive effect on some antioxidant indicators such as increased in vitro RAS in extracts and in vivo GSH level in the liver and muscle without affecting growth performance. Therefore, dietary addition of 0.2% of plum or omija could be applicable as potential antioxidant sources in broiler chick production.